The Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) represents 3% to 7% of all odontogenic tumors and is generally considered to be an uncommon tumor which occurs mostly in association with an unerupted maxillary cuspid. Some investigators consider it as a benign neoplasm, while others categorize it as a hamartomatous malformation due to limited size and lack of recurrence in most cases. Although AOT was formerly considered to be a variant of ameloblastoma and was designated as ‘adenoameloblastoma’, its clinical and biologic behaviour indicates that it is a separate entity. This manuscript describes a rare case of huge Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor occurring in the posterior mandible of a 20 year old male patient.

The diversification of rural activities by rural women in a bid to sustain rural households‟ livelihoods cannot be undermined. Although the rural woman, through the diversification of rural activities strives to sustain household‟s livelihood, demographic elements influence her struggle. The objective of this paper is to identify and assess such demographic aspects affecting the rural woman in Bui Division. In order to attain this set objective, a literature review in relation to the topic was carried out. This was followed by data collection from the field; it comprised of on-the-spot / participant observations, interviews and usage of questionnaires. Our respondents were 749 rural women (20 years of age and above). The results show that though, age is an important factor that influences the choice and how the diversification of rural activities is undertaken by the rural woman as evident in the field, it is apparent that „age‟ as a demographic factor does not negatively influence the rural woman‟s diversification of rural activities aim at sustaining households‟ livelihoods. About 45% of rural women who only had informal education could not effectively sustain their households‟ livelihoods by diversifying rural activities because they could neither read, write nor understand. Rural women who are unmarried and divorced negatively influence the diversification of rural activities for sustaining households‟ livelihoods as compared to married women. It has also been revealed that rural women with „large‟ size households effectively carry out diversification for sustaining livelihoods than those with „small‟ size households.

The use of Honey in the medical field as a treatment for various illnesses has been in practice in the Islamic world since the revelation of the Quran and specifically the following verse. "There comes forth from their (bees') bellies, a drink of varying color wherein is healing for mankind" (El-Nahl 16:69). The old Islamic scholars and physicians classified illnesses and medications as cold and hot, and they described using the cold medications to treat the hot illnesses (for example cooling the head of a feverish patient or a swollen bruised hand) and using hot medications to treat cold illnesses (like drinking warm water to treat a cough). And Honey was classified as one of the Hot Medications [15]. Many contemporary studies tried to prove the healing properties of some kinds of Honey; some have claimed antibacterial, antioxidant and even Cell-regeneration properties from Honey [4]. Most of these studies were done in Vitro [10]. The study that I have conducted was done on actual patients who suffered from chronic wounds, they have sustained these wounds during the civil war in Libya, after their injuries there they were transported to several hospitals in Tunisia and Italy and finally in Germany. These deferent transportations and deferent hospital stays have made their bodies and wounds invested with a plethora of multidrug resistance organisms, the dominant being methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA). During the first 6 months of their stay in the Isolation ward of the Orthopedic department of the Hospital, they were not under my care, there wound healing had shown no much improvement despite daily dressing with the latest wound dressing available in the market and using daily wound disinfectants and body washing. When I was assigned to those patients, I started treating their wounds with Honey, after their consent and the agreement from my Chef. The Results were astounding, in a couple of weeks their wounds were healed. I have documented the process and here are my Methods and Results.

Pulmonary function values are influenced by race, age, sex, height, weight, waist, hip circumference as well as environmental, genetic, socioeconomic parameter. The development of pulmonary function and growth of physical parameters are coexistent. Measurement of lung function is essential for evaluation of physical development of children and adolescents. The present work was undertaken to evaluate pulmonary function in normal healthy school children of age group 13-19 years having different body mass index. The study was conducted over 300 students (13-19 years.), 155 male subjects and 145 female subjects. Pulmonary function parameters FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, FEF25-75%, PEFR, MVV, were measured by medspiror. BMI was calculated of all subjects by measuring height and weight. BMI was classified into various groups. It was found that 262 subjects had low BMI and were underweight, PFT parameters were low in these subjects as compared to subjects having normal BMI. Early identification of risk individuals prior to onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. It is necessary to have a good physical activity and proper nutrition in young individuals to avoid future respiratory problems.

Background: Asthma affects around 300 million people worldwide [1]. Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. The current treatment regimen is low dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long – acting beta agonist (LABA). Effective control is achieved by taking inhaled medication in proper technique which lead to effective drug deposition in lung. Compliance with inhaled respiratory medications is 40-50%. Low value of 15% also reported [7]. Objective: Determination of compliance towards inhaled medication in asthma patients one year after being prescribed and factors influencing patient’s compliance to inhaled medication in asthma. Methodology: Compliance to inhaled medication assessed by standard set of questionnaires in 260 Asthma patient who were above 18 years from both sex taking inhaled medication for one year. Patient who attended pulmonary Medicine OPD from March 2016 to March 2017 were assessed. Results and Discussion: Mean age of the patient was 57.67 years. 65% of the patients were female. Among the 260 patients, 40% of the patients were having elementary school education. Percentage of patients using inhaler regularly is 26.6%. Percentage of patients trained to use inhaler properly is 23.9%. Good technique of using inhalers has significant association with proper training to use inhalers (P value – 0.0001) and also with proper counselling. (P value – 0.0001). There is also significant association between counselling regarding use of inhalers and its regular usage. Conclusion: Factors affecting the patient’s compliance to inhaled medication is proper counselling regarding the use of inhalers and proper training to use inhaler. Compliance can be improved by providing adequate knowledge about disease and its control, teaching the patients about correct technique of using inhaled medications

Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure for millions in current medical and surgical practices. However it also has the risk of transmitting Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) like HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, malaria etc. In India, it is mandatory to test blood units for HIV 1 and 2, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and malaria. The whole blood and component units that are reactive should be discarded. The present study was done retrospectively from January 2016 to December 2018 (a 3 years study) in the Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Nizam’s institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. During these three years the total donors were 55,306. Voluntary donors were 13.20 % and replacement donors were 86.80 %. A total of 148 donors were reactive for syphilis. Predominant age range reactive for syphilis was 26-35 years (66.89 %), followed by 36-45 years (19.59 %). 148 (0.27 %) donors were reactive for Syphilis. Number of replacement donors positive for syphilis were 147 whereas the number of voluntary donors positive for syphilis were only one. 142 donors were married and 6 were unmarried. All the syphilis reactive donors were males. 95 donors were from urban areas, whereas 53 were from rural areas. Increasing trend of syphilis reactivity was observed in our geographical area. Voluntary blood donations are safer than replacement. Education and public awareness programs would go a long way in suppressing these infections and thereby preventing TTIs and also wastage of precious blood units.

Introduction: Sustainability issues and initiatives are gaining emphasis to address shareholder interests and attract investment. Malaysian public listed companies (PLCs) are encouraged to adopt Integrated Reporting <IR> framework for disclosing both financial and non-financial information in their annual reports. This paper presents the findings of research on the adoption of <IR> by Malaysian PLCs. Methodology: Data was collected from 213 PLCs for the period 2010 – 2016. Based on the literature, a conceptual model was developed and tested by four hypotheses on the relationship between financial performance, strategy disclosure, governance disclosure, performance disclosure and prospects disclosure. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results indicated that the firms’ prospects (future outlook) disclosure and organizational strategy disclosure make significant contributions to the average market value of the firms. Therefore, it is important for the firms have the competences to effectively engage in the <IR> using the <IR> framework. Conclusion and Recommendations: It is recommended that the Malaysian authorities should make the <IR> mandatory and provide training on <IR>. Malaysian PLCs should provide periodic integrated reports, comply with environmentally friendly standards and implement sustainability practices to fully participate in global supply chains

This study aimed to find out the influence of Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Budget Adequacy, Organizational Commitment and internal control toward the performance of Lubuk Linggau Regency and Municipality Government. In this study, budgetary goal characteristic was measured using budgetary participation dimension, budget goal clarity, budgetary feedback, budgetary evaluation and budget goal difficulty. Budget adequacy is measured based on budget adequacy and information on budget availability. Organizational commitment is measured based on loyalty, pride, value of acceptance and organization goal. Internal control in this study was measured using environmental control dimension, risk assessment, control activity, information and communication, and monitoring. This study was conducted by spreading 190 pieces of questionnaires to echelon 2, 3 and 4 officials in the regional government organization of Lubuk Linggau regency and municipality. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23 by implementing double linear regression method and Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) with the result which showed that in a simultaneous way, the variables of characteristic, budget goals, budget adequacy, organizational commitment, and internal control had influenced regional government performance; and in a partial way, internal control moderated the correlation between the characteristic of budget goals and budget adequacy with regional government performance. The result of this study also showed that internal control did not moderate the correlation between organizational commitment and the performance of Lubuk Linggau regency and municipality.

There are always goods/services procurements each year in governmental institutions, both central and local governments. However, there are often failures in the completion, causing the work progresses slowly, the quality is not well-controlled, the contract is terminated, and some works are even abandoned. The research’s object is the probabilities of failures in construction works in governmental institutions, while the respondents were officers of governmental institutions involved or once involved or understanding participations of all parties involved in the construction works. Their involvements were in each of work stages, starting from preparing procurement, contacting procurement committee, making contract, planning, executing, controlling, and completing the work. Competence of the Commitment Making Official (CMO/PPK), technical skills of the contractors, planners, supervisors, and technical teams were factors considered to be playing a role in the failures. In addition, however, managerial skills of the administrators, natural/non-technical conditions, post of the CMO in the organisation, position issues, and period of work were also researched as the other non-ignorable factors that may cause the failures. The data were collected from questionnaires distributed to some selected respondents from various governmental institutions in some provinces in Indonesia. Furthemore, using probit model method, the data were processed and analysed. According to the results, only managerial skills of the administrator, technical skills of the contractor and supervising consultant, skills of the Procurement Service Unit (PSU/ULP) committee, position and period of work of the construction executing team had influence on the probabilities of failures in the construction works completion, while the other factors did not have any significant influence

This study aimed to analyze the effect of profit sharing rate, capital adequacy ratio, and third-party funds to financing volume of profit sharing in sharia commercial bank in Indonesia. Quantitative research with verificative approach. The samples were eight sharia commercial banks from 11 sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. Data collection was quarterly financial report (quarter, covering profit sharing, capital adequacy ratio, third-party fund, profit sharing volume) of sharia commercial bank during 2011-2015 (160 observations) obtained from website of Bank Indonesia. Data analysis is panel data regression. Profit-sharing rate ranged from 1.28-21.11% with an average of 6.27% during 2011-2015. Capital adequacy ratio ranged from 11.00 to 63.77% with an average of 23.43%. Third party funds ranged from 167 - 62,112 billion rupiahs with an average of 15,353 billion rupiahs. The volume of profit-sharing financing distributed by sharia commercial banks in Indonesia ranged from 1 - 23,826 billion to an average of 4.537 billion. The profit sharing rate had no significant effect on the volume of profit sharing (p = 0.343), while the capital adequacy ratio had a negative and significant effect on the profit sharing (p = 0.000) volume, while the third party funds had a positive and significant effect on the profit sharing volume p = 0.000). Factors which affect the volume of financing are the ratio of capital adequacy and third party funds. A low capital adequacy ratio and high third party funds will have an effect on increasing the financing volume.

PT Citilink Indonesia is an airline that has become one of LCC's top brands in the Indonesian aviation industry. Amid the current competition of airlines, especially for LCC airlines, an appropriate marketing strategy is needed to support ticket sales that year. Research on the influence of brand image inherent in Citilink airlines on customer satisfaction and its impact on interest in repurchasing tickets for 145 GMF employees at Hangar 4 Tangerang, Banten. With SEM analysis, this study examines the influence of brand image formed on the market. This study uses a quantitative method with the study population being GMF employees at Hangar 4 Tangerang, Banten the results of the analysis show that the brand image has a positive and significant value on customer satisfaction. This is also in line with the positive results that are also shown by the brand image of repurchasing interest. The higher customer satisfaction in an airline service automatically, the interest in repurchasing airline tickets will also increase

Both United Nations (UN) and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recognized the importance of protected areas (PAs) as a key strategy for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. This makes global protected areas an important contribution to achieving these commitments. However, PA coverage alone does not effectively measure the overall effectiveness of the protected areas performance or conservation success, thus the effectiveness of the curved or designated PAs needs to be monitored. This paper investigated the Effectiveness of National Parks and Game Reserves in Tree Species Conservation in Dry Region of North-East Nigeria by comparing Gashaka-Gumti national (GGNP) park and Yankari Game reserve (YGR). Wandering quarter method of vegetation analysis was employed as instrument for data generation where five sampling points (five vegetation zones in GGNP and four angles and centre in YGR) were established in each of the PA for data collection. Basal area, percentage frequency, relative density, relative dominance, importance value index were determined on each species encountered. Mean distance between tree stands, mean area as well as number of trees per hectare were also calculated. Results obtained indicated higher species diversity in GGNP over that of YGR (53 and 22 respectively). Basal area records indicated highest (34, 552.6cm) at GGNP on Uapaca togoensis against highest at YGR (25, 598.2 cm) on Khaya senegalensis. Same trend was observed on measures of Relative density, relative dominance and importance value indices (IVI). Going by the IVI, the vegetations of the PAs were described as Uapaca-Crossopteryx-Danielli complex and Kyaya-Combretum-Danielli type of vegetation in GGNP and YGR respectively. Values for mean distance (dm) between Trees, mean area (MA) occupied by Tree and Density of Trees per hectare indicated 3.4m, 11.6m & 862 in GGNP respectively against 6.2m, 38.4m, & 260 in YGR respectively

The purpose of this paper is to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of profitability, the diversity of nationalities of the board of directors, and the environmental committee on the disclosure of carbon emissions in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. To measure the level of disclosure of carbon emissions, a checklist is used which is developed based on the information request sheet provided by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). The population of this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2012-2016. There are 23 companies that met the criteria. The type of data used in this study is panel data. Data analysis uses the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method using E-views as an analysis tool. The results of the study show that the profitability and diversity of the Foreign Board of Directors do not have a significant effect on the level of Carbon Emission Disclosure. Meanwhile, the environmental committee has a significant effect on Carbon Emission Disclosure

This complete enumeration, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Physiology Department of a municipal medical college in Maharashtra, India to determine the gender differences in scores obtained by students in objective structured practical examination. After explaining the purpose of the study and the procedure of the Objective Structured Practical Examination to first-year MBBS students (n=60; 30 females and 30 males), written informed consent was obtained. The examiners were provided with a pre-validated checklist for assessing the students’ performance at the procedure station. After the procedure station, the students shifted to the question station for writing answers to ten short-answer type questions. The overall mean score (out of 20) in the procedure station was 18.57  1.88 (95% CI: 18.09–19.04) while the mean score in the question station (out of 20) was 10.98  4.05 (95% CI: 9.96–12.01). The gender differences in mean scores were not significant (p=0.499) at the procedure station that primarily assessed the psychomotor domain at the “shows how” level of the Miller’s Pyramid. However, male students obtained significantly (p=0.015) lower mean scores at the question station that chiefly evaluated the cognitive domain at the “knows” and “knows how” levels. This implied that while both male and female students were equally proficient at performing the procedure (psychomotor domain) component of the practical, the male students were deficient in the knowledge (cognitive domain) component of the practical, when compared with their female counterparts.

A 68-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with pain lower abdomen and a palpable mass. Physical examination and radiological findings were suggestive of a large calcified fibroid uterus. Patient was taken up for total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoopherectomy after all necessary pre-operative work up. To, our surprise, the fibroid was extremely hard, as a result we failed to morcellate or cut it even with high voltage pure cutting current. So, we did a mini-laparotomy to remove the fibroid. Blood loss was minimal. The size of the extracted fibroid was 1 kg. The patient was discharged in stable condition on post-operative day 4. The histopathological examination was suggestive of extensively calcified intramural fibroid and other rare finding of cavernous hemangioma in one of the ovaries. The extensively calcified fibroid in postmenopausal patient and the presence of cavernous hemangioma are rare findings with very few cases reported till date. We managed the case laparoscopically followed by mini laparotomy to retrieve the specimen with the advantages of minimal blood loss, need for blood transfusion and early recovery.