This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted with the objective of determining the knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus among the general population in a metropolitan city in order to plan intervention programmes for early case detection. The respondents were apparently healthy individuals aged 18+ years, of either gender, who were residents of Thane city, Maharashtra, India. The prospective respondents were explained about the study and informed consent was obtained before they were interviewed using a pre-tested, formatted and validated questionnaire containing 20 questions (2 marks per question). A total of 255 persons (males=106; 41.57%; females=149; 58.43%) participated in the study. The gender difference in age of participants was not significant (Z=0.503; p=0.614). Significant gender differences were observed among separated and divorced respondents (Z=2.459; p=0.014); graduates (Z=2.421; p=0.015); retired persons (Z=3.896; p<0.0001) and those employed in the private sector (Z=3.308; p<0.0001). Female respondents obtained significantly higher scores in four out of 20 questions, while the gender differences were not significant for scores in the remaining 16 questions. The findings reveal moderate level of diabetes awareness. Large-scale awareness programmes would be necessary after identifying knowledge gaps

The purpose of this research is to determine the perceptions of practitioners, auditors, scholars, and students on Islamic banking and conventional banking in Palu City. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This research was conducted in Palu City. Informant in this research amounted to nine (9) people, consists of four people as practitioners, two students, two representatives of scholars, and one representative from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Central Sulawesi. The results of the research are very clear awareness that from the aspect of business mechanism and object, namely anti usury and anti gambling, investment aspects namely halal while in conventional banking that is not anti usury and anti gambling, and investment can be halal or haram. Student information states that the emphasis of the concept of Islamic banks namely Islamic banking activities in accordance with the principles of Islamic law, which are based on the Qur'an and hadith. There is an awareness that the products produced by Islamic banks in addition to the form or name of the product, which are needed to be considered are the Islamic principles used by the product concerned in the contract (agreement), and not just the name of the product as conventional bank products. The research conclusions are the essence and characteristics of Islamic banks are different from conventional banks, and Islamic banks encourage people to transact non-usury or not contrary to Islamic teachings

A research was conducted to determine the anti-microbial susceptibility of some Escherichia coli isolates against common anti-microbial agents and Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) indices. The Escherichia coli isolates (n=51) obtained from cattle faeces and manure in abattoirs, cattle farms and livestock markets of Bauchi, Darazo and Katagum local governments of Bauchi state, Nigeria were screened for anti-microbial susceptibility against 12 common anti-microbial agents. The susceptibility test was carried on all the 51 isolates to determine their antibiotic resistant profiles using the disc diffusion method developed by Kirby – Bauer and standardized by the World Health organization (WHO), commercially available antimicrobial disks impregnated with the different antibiotics were then tested. The results revealed highest resistances of the isolates to Cephazolin (86.2%), followed by Sulfamethoxazole (82.4%) and Enrofloxacin (78.4%). The research also revealed that the highest level of susceptibility of the isolates to the antimicrobial agents was found against chloramphenicol (78.4%), followed by gentamycin and Imipenem with (68.6%) and Ceftriaxone (58.8%) respectively, the results further indicated 50(98%) of the isolates resistance to 3 or more of the antibiotics. All isolates showed Multi-drug resistance pattern (MDR), some among the isolates showed resistance against up to 8 antimicrobial agents belonging to 7 different groups of the antimicrobial agents. The MDR indices of E. coli strains indicated resistance against the antimicrobial agents at various levels of antibiotic groups

A total of two hundred ears of CSOM cases in different age groups & sexes were subjected to bacteriological and clinical studies in the Department of Microbiology & ENT, Patna Medical College & Hospital. The ears were further subdivided into group I where ear swabs were studies for aerobic organisms and cultural & sensitivity pattern. In group II 50 swabs were studies for anaerobic organisms and culture and sensitivity pattern. The commonest organisms isolated in group I were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa while pepto-streptococci species were found in group II. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the drug of choice for most of the organisms followed by Norfloxacin,cefexime Cefoperazone & Gentamycin

The duodenal diverticulum is a hernia of the duodenal wall. Its frequency varies from 2 to 20%. The symptomatic forms are rare but particularly serious because often revealed by a complication. The discovery is most often fortuitously on the occasion of a Cholangio Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography. The purpose of our work is to study the clinical endoscopic and therapeutic epidemiological aspects of duodenal diverticula. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the department of diseases of the digestive system "Medicine C" at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat. We collected all patients with duodenal diverticulum over a 12-year period (November 2005 to June 2016). Patient data were exploited from the Cholangio Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography (ERCP) registers. Results: Between November 2005 and June 2016, 664 ERCP were performed, 41 duodenal diverticula were observed; that is 6.2%. The average age of our patients was 68.6 years with extremes ranging from 38 to 85 years; 58.5% of the subjects were over 70 years of age with a clear predominance of women (34 women, 7 men) and one sex ratio F / H = 5. Clinical symptomatology was caused by cholestatic jaundice, cholangitis, acute pancreatitis. A liver test predominantly exhibited cytolysis associated with cholestasis. All our patients benefited from a radiological assessment including abdominal ultrasonography, CT, bili-MRI, echoendoscopy and Kehr drain cholongiography; the diagnosis of a lithiasis of the bile duct was raised in 80% of cases. ERCP performed in all our patients has a fortuitous discovery of duodenal diverticula. The characteristics of these diverticula were revealed by ERCP: a single diverticulum was observed in most cases (36 patients or 88%), two diverticula in 4 patients (10%) and three diverticula in one patient (2%). All the diverticula were juxta-papillary (at the level of D2). The papilla was paradivecticular in the majority of cases (30 patients, 73%), intradiverticular in 7 patients (17%) and interdiverticular in 4 patients (10%). The presence of duodenal diverticula had an impact on the feasibility of ERCP: catheterization of the papilla was difficult in 6 patients (14%) but managed in 8 patients (19%), 5 patients had paradiverticular papillary, 2 interdiverticular and one intradiverticular. Endoscopic treatment of bilio-pancreatic pathology associated with duodenal diverticula was performed in 23 patients: 16 patients underwent computed extraction of the hand bile duct. Seven patients were referred to surgery. Conclusion: The duodenal diverticulum is the second most common site of digestive diverticula after the colon. The absence of specific signs makes the positive diagnosis difficult.

The labial mucosa is an unusual site for basal cell carcinoma. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of basal cell carcinoma wich involved the vermilion of the lower lip. A 77-year-old man presented with an ulcer taking half of his lower lip and extending to the skin evolving for two years. There were no cervical lymph nodes. Diagnosis of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma was made by histological study which showed a tumoral proliferation starting from epidermal basal layers infiltrating the hypodermis with perineural infiltration. The pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma of the vermilion lip is not clear. While basal cell carcinoma originates from pilar structures, the lack of pilosebaceous follicles in the normal lip mucosa has led to several hypotheses to explain the pathogenesis of mucosal basal cell carcinoma. Our case shows a very rare location of basal cell carcinoma. The ulcer that originally started in the vermilon, has extended and reached the mucosa and the skin areas. Therefore, basal cell carcinoma should be considered among the differential diagnosis of ulcerative lesions of the lip

Painting is recognized as the mainstay for preventing corrosion of structural components or systems and decorating objects. Paint is a heterogeneous liquid solution of many solid components that is daily needed to be blended in large quantities to requisite homogeneities and properties in many industries and units before application to ensure consistencies in the desired paintwork qualities and reliable effective corrosion protection at economical costs. Efficient and fast mixing of paint is done by mechanical agitation. Mechanical agitation also removes the drudgery of human folk in blending large quantities of paint and reduces exposure time of personnel to some paints that are toxic. No universal system till now has been found valid for agitating paint and other fluid quantities in different container sizes and shapes. For optimal functionality, efficiency, productivity, reliability, and economy agitators are usually not mass-produced and kept in storage but designed and developed to meet individual customer’s requirements. Design specifications of agitators for mixing paint can be different from those of other liquid solutions for the same mixing quantities due to distinctiveness of paint properties such as viscosity, density, segmentation level, and environmental susceptibility. In this paper, some previous revolutionary works on means of agitating fluids are reviewed to provide a compendium of basic concepts that need to be understood for meaningful advancements in designs of mechanical agitators to optimally meet various paint mixing requirements with given equipment sizes and shapes. The review showed that the required mixing quantity per unit time, shape and size of paint container, impeller size and rotational speed, shaft strength, powering system, agitation time, and, structural anchorage system for the container are the basic design parameters for the agitators. These parameters along with basic considerations such as: ease of operation, operational efficiency and integrity, reduction of agitation time, cost reduction, reliability, durability, safety, reduction of paint exposure time to environment, ease of paint pouring in and out of containers and, easy means of loading heavy paint containers in place and unloading them were seen to be crucial in advancing the agitator designs.

Dengue viral infection is an epidemic in tropical and subtropical countries including India. Epidemics are very common in areas of poor sanitation where there are substandard housing and the need for water storage Adilabad district is a backward district with poor tribal population and epidemics of dengue are very common in this region. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad the data was collected during the months of September 2018 to December 2018. There was an outbreak of dengue during this period and child patients reported to RIMS hospital with signs and symptoms of dengue fever according to WHO guidelines were included. Exclusion criteria were fevers of unknown origin, children positive for malaria, enteric fever and signs and symptoms not suggestive of dengue. A total of (n=67) patients were identified during the study period from September 2018 to December 2018 out of which (n=46) were male and (n=21) were female patients. 5ml of blood was obtained in a vacutainer by experienced technicians and CBP, Hematocrit, Dengue serology, were performed NS1Ag, IgM and IgG were performed. Results: In the present study a total of n= 67 patients were included as per the inclusion criteria. Out of the 67 (n=46) were male and (n=21) were female patients. The clinical signs and symptoms of the patients were assessed and the common presentation in all the dengue causes was a fever in n=67 (100%) cases. The range of temperature was from 101 °F to 105 °F at the time of admission. Myalgia and headache were present in n=35 (52.23%) cases. Leukocytopenia was seen in 2(2.9%) and leucocytosis was seen in 17 (25.37%) cases. The mean platelet counts were found to be between 50,000 to 100,000 37(55.22%) cases. ..

The paper is enclosed with the idea of helping people who are not capable of operating their limbs due to any accidents occurred in their past life. It implies theoretically, knowledge gained out of studying our field related articles. Mind readings as well as remote communication have their unique fingerprint in various fields such as educational, self-regulation, production, marketing, security, games and also in entertainment. It enables a mutual understanding between the user and the surrounding systems. Here in this paper we discuss about brain waves (Biosignals) which are recorded using Electrode Encephalography (EEG), and the brain computer interface process used in gaming are the two valuable sources to create our typing using the Biosignals generated during thinking particular alphabets. We hope that this paper will be much helpful to the people who are physically challenged with writing disabilities can put up their words comfortably using this idea

Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases are the two most common endocrinopathies encountered in clinical practice. Thyroid hormone abnormalities are frequently associated with diabetes and remain unidentified. Thyroid dysfunction could negatively impact Diabetes and its complications. Thyroid hormone replacement is associated with a decrease in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The present study was undertaken to study association between thyroid profile and glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. A case control study was done at Shri Krishna Hospital in Karamsad city .100 cases of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and 100 healthy controls were taken. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for thyroid profile, HbA1c, Fasting Blood Sugar and Renal Function Test. We found that there was a positive correlation between TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) and HbA1c levels, and a negative correlation between Thyroid hormones [Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4)] and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in cases of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. There is a significant decrease in TT3 (Total Triiodothyronine) and TT4 (Total Thyroxine) and significantly increased TSH in cases of Diabetes mellitus as compare to healthy Controls. We found that out of 100 cases of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 31% patients showed thyroid disorders. There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in Diabetic patients. If not diagnosed early, it could negatively affect diabetes and its complications. Therefore, routine screening of thyroid profile in diabetic patients is advisable to improve quality of life and reduce morbidity rate.

Pain is the most common complaint from patients undergoing prostate biopsy. With the increase in patients requiring prostate biopsy following massive screening for prostate cancer, more men would therefore complain about pain. Observing that the perception of pain varies amongst patients, we set out to find the influence of these factors on pain experienced during prostate biopsy. We also sought the incidence of complications which may arise from this procedure. A total of 132 patients scheduled for transrectal prostate biopsy were randomly assigned to two groups. All patients had 20 mls of 2% lidocaine gel administered per rectum10 minutes before transrectal ultrasound probe insertion. The severity of pain during the procedure was assessed using the 10-point numerical rating scale. A weak positive correlation was found between the prostate volume and level of pain perceived by patients (r = 0.084) & (r = 0.339). Pre-biopsy anxiety was found to have no influence on pain. There was moderate correlation (r=0.497) between pain and age of participants during needle insertion, whereas a weak correlation(r=0.173) was found between the latter and pain perceived during probe insertion. Age was found to be the only predictor of level of pain on regression analysis (P = 0.016).Post biopsy, 25% of patients had haematuria while 12% complained of rectal bleeding. Haematospermia and fever were seen in 5.5% and 0.8% of patients respectively. Increasing age was found to influence pain perceived during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Haematuria and rectal bleeding were found to be the most common complications following TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate

The present study was undertaken to investigate the variations of anthropometric indices, inflammatory oxidative stress and anti-oxidant markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared to their age & sex-matched controls, and to evaluate the correlations, if any of the anthropometric indices with the pro-oxidant state in subjects with MetS. One hundred and fifty-three subjects with MetS and one hundred and fifty-five controls were recruited for the study according to the NCEP ATP III (National cholesterol education program – Adult treatment panel III) criteria for MetS. Anthropometric characteristics of all subjects were recorded using clinical Proforma. Blood samples were collected after taking informed written consent from subjects. Plasma glucose, lipid profile analysis, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity and C reactive protein (CRP) was estimated in all blood samples. This study clearly indicates that obesity measured by anthropometric measurements including BMI and WC were increased in MetS patients as compared to controls. Inflammatory marker CRP was found to be significantly high in patients with metabolic syndrome. The oxidative stress as assessed by serum MDA was significantly higher, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) was lower in MetS patients than that of age & sex matched controls

Steroid drugs for external use can relieve inflammation but cannot kill bacteria. Topical steroids have been used for about 50 years and their introduction was a milestone in dermatology. Steroids led to the adverse reaction such as skin irritation, blackness, pimples, redness, skin eruption etc. According to the constituents of marketed cream which are mentioned on the label there is no any information about steroidal constituents in preparation. In present investigation, by applying chemical test in marketed preparation and in pure steroidal preparation, an attempt was made to evaluate the presence of steroid in various marketed topical preparation. Adverse reaction produced by the marketed topical preparation led to the starting of this research work and evaluated different marketed preparation for the presence of steroid. Salkowaski reaction, Liberman Bruched reaction, Liberman reaction had been applied to test the presence of steroid. From this research it can concluded that many marketed preparation which promises instant fairness, glowing, brighten skin have a dreadfully negative side and show serious side effect on the skin due to presence of steroid

This study was conducted to determine the association of Insertion-deletion Polymorphism in the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Gene and Human Essential Hypertension among Sudanese in Al Nubba Village. A case-control community-based study was performed, Blood samples were collected from 54 subjects in a rural area around Khartoum (Al Nubba Village). The frequencies of the insertion (*I) and deletion (*D) alleles of the ACE gene were investigated, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was detected for the Insertion/Deletion polymorphism. Allele frequencies were calculated, our data indicated a preponderance of the *D allele among the Sudanese population. The percentage of Case/Control for Homozygous deletion DD, Homozygous insertion II and Heterozygous DI are almost the same. Further studies are recommended with a large sample size

Liver disease during Osler-Rendu-Weber disease (ROD) is frequent. Its screening must be systematic. Focal nodular hyperplasia is a vascular hepatic disease of osler rendu disease, which is very rare in males. Through an observation of a patient with an ROD revealed by hepatic injury (FNH), we will discuss the epidemiological, diagnostic, and evolutionary aspects of hepatic manifestations during MRO