Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) have been recommended in traditional medicine which has therapeutic effects for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the chemical compounds contained in hexane, acetone, ethanol and water extract from avocado seeds. The results obtained from the qualitative test showed that avocado seed hexane extract contained fatty acids. Avocado seeds acetone extract contains fatty acids, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Ethanol extracts of avocado seeds contain phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Avocado seed water extract contains carbohydrates, phenols, and tannins. Quantitative tests of alkaloids are determined by the gravimetric method, as well as the ultraviolet spectrophotometer method for flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The results obtained from the quantitative test showed the total alkaloid content of ethanol extract was 0.435 %, the total flavonoid levels of acetone and ethanol extract were 0.1068 % and 0.1084 % respectively, the total phenol content of acetone, ethanol and water extracts were 0.0476 %, 0.0309 %, and 0.0494 % respectively. The total tannin content of acetone, ethanol and water extracts were 0.1989 %, 0.2044 %, and 0.1804 % respectively.

Polio vaccination rejection among Muslims of northern Nigeria came as a result of misconception, rumours and mistrust of the polio vaccines. This paper is premised on exploring the Muslim–focused cultural sensitivity in the polio vaccination campaign to solve the problem of polio rejection and enhance the acceptance of the antigen as a preventive measure against poliomyelitis. The data was collected through in-depth interviews. 12 key informants comprising of physicians, traditional leaders and Islamic clerics were therefore selected purposively among the Muslim parents with children eligible for polio vaccination in northern Nigeria's states of Kaduna, Kano and Plateau. The findings revealed that Muslim-focused cultural sensitivity in polio vaccination messages and communication campaign will help to remove misconception and rumours about polio vaccination safety and efficacy in Northern Nigeria. It also established that the involvement of the Islamic clerics in the polio campaign will help to educate the Muslim parents to accept the polio vaccination for their children. The study concludes that there is the need to employ Islamic clerics as community mobilisers for polio vaccination campaign to reach out to communities and settlements for the sensitisation of the parents using Muslim-focused polio messages in interpersonal communication situations.

The purpose of this study is to find out how much the influence from product and promotion factors in influencing brand awareness and purchase intention, besides also to find out how much brand awareness is in mediating product and promotion factors. This study involved 163 respondents who were consumers from Micca who at least bought Micca products once and lived in Jabodetabek. The research method used in this study is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Lisrel 8.8 as the software and combined with SPSS 21 to analyze the pre survey. The results showed that in the case of Micca research, the promotion variable had a positive and significant effect on purchase interest and brand awareness. While the product variable does not have a positive and significant effect on purchase interest but has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness. In addition, in this study it is also known that brand awareness has a mediating function that has a positive and significant effect on purchase interest. The description above shows that to increase purchase interest, companies should pay attention to factors that are considered by consumers in terms of promotion and brand awareness. Although the product variables in this study do not show positive and significant results in influencing purchase interest, the company still has to increase the products sold on the market to increase brand awareness, because the results of the study state that the product has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness.

Over the past few years, a lot of research has been done to understand the role of osteitis, or inflammation involving bone for disease recalcitrance in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This review article will discuss the current understanding of osteitis in CRS, including pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, clinical significance, and treatment modalities.

Introduction: Stress, is a part of the student experience enough evidence suggests that comparatively to other trainings nursing students experience high levels of stress, psychological morbidity, and depression (Zvauya, Oyebode, Day, Thomas, & Jones, 2017). Whereas, as brain plays the vital role in adaptation to the stress and make necessary changes in the behavioural and physiological responses to become resilient (McEwen, Gray, & Nasca, 2015). A study conducted by Al‐ Zayyat, and Al‐ Gamal (2014) illustrated that students suffered from high level of stress in the clinical setting and reported that common stressors among the students are independently caring to the patients, high expectations of teachers and clinical staff, and clinical assignments. Whereas, stress is important in the learning process as without stress the students are unable to realize the importance of time, schedules, evaluation criteria and study milestones. Objective of the study: The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between stress and competence among nursing student in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: Co relational study design is adopted to fulfill the research objectives. The study was conducted in the Private University from January, 2019 to May, 2019. Population of the study were nursing students and the sample size was 191. Two scales naming nursing competence and perceived stress scales were used to collect data. Results: The mean score of perceived stress was 2.1 on the scale (1= Never to 5= very often) which shows that students were usually having low levels of perceived stress. The students shared low competency values on the sub scales of serving as an example for other nurses, ethically oriented practice, general aptitude and nursing care in a team. There was negative moderate (r= -0.46, p=<.005) relationship between nursing competency and perceived stress among students. Conclusion: Stress is the hindering factor for learning whereas effective coping behavior can facilitate learning. Stress is related to poor nursing competence. To maintain the professional integrity the trait of stress has to be reduce among the nursing students. Being the student and deadlines in the training programs students face stress whereby student have to choose appropriate coping strategy to handle it effectively

The Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD), caused by the Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), is one of the important banana diseases in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It drastically reduces the production and diversity of bananas. This study focused on the production of banana and plantain planting materials free of BBTV from plants infected by micro-propagation and macro-propagation. 15 suckers of cultivars Litete [plantain (Musa AAB), French type)], Libanga Likale [plantain (Musa AAB) False Horn type)] and Bluggoe (Musa ABB) were used for micro-propagation and 15 others for macro-propagation. These suckers were collected from banana mats with stages 4 or 5 of BBTD symptoms. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 30 g glucose, vitamins, 1 μM of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and 10μM of 6-Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) was used for micro-propagation. The plants resulting from stem fragments was used for macro-propagation. After 5 subcultures in micro-propagation, the sanitation rate was 76.6% for Litete, 66.6% for Libanga Likale and 76.6% for Bluggoe. After macro-propagation, the rate was 27.5% for Litete, 6.6% for Libanga Likale and 73.3% for Bluggoe. These results indicate that the proliferation rate increases the chance to clean up infected planting material explaining why macro-propagation is less effcient than micro-propagation.

The Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD), caused by the Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), is one of the important banana diseases in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It drastically reduces the production and diversity of bananas. This study focused on the production of banana and plantain planting materials free of BBTV from plants infected by micro-propagation and macro-propagation. 15 suckers of cultivars Litete [plantain (Musa AAB), French type)], Libanga Likale [plantain (Musa AAB) False Horn type)] and Bluggoe (Musa ABB) were used for micro-propagation and 15 others for macro-propagation. These suckers were collected from banana mats with stages 4 or 5 of BBTD symptoms. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 30 g glucose, vitamins, 1 μM of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and 10μM of 6-Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) was used for micro-propagation. The plants resulting from stem fragments was used for macro-propagation. After 5 subcultures in micro-propagation, the sanitation rate was 76.6% for Litete, 66.6% for Libanga Likale and 76.6% for Bluggoe. After macro-propagation, the rate was 27.5% for Litete, 6.6% for Libanga Likale and 73.3% for Bluggoe. These results indicate that the proliferation rate increases the chance to clean up infected planting material explaining why macro-propagation is less effcient than micro-propagation.

The term 3D printing is generally used to describe a manufacturing approach that builds objects one layer at a time, adding multiple layers to form an object. This process is more correctly described as additive manufacturing, and is also referred to as rapid prototyping.Used in aerospace, defence, art and design, 3D printing is becoming a subject of great interest in dentistry. Uses of 3D printing include the production of drill guides for dental implants, the production of physical models for prosthodontics, orthodontics and surgery, the manufacture of dental, craniomaxillofacial and orthopedic implants and the fabrication of copings and frameworks for implant and dental restorations. This paper reviews the types of 3D printing technologies available and their various applications in dentistry.

Mandibular premolars are known for having variations in root canal anatomy, Endodontic and periodontal success of such anatomical variations requires the clinician to be aware of their clinical and radiographic anatomy. This study was done to evaluate the mandibular second premolars in a Kashmiri population using routine digital radiography.

Background: Periodontal diseases could be regarded as an independent risk factor for the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Evidence documents that periodontal diseases have an independent statistically significant association with cardiovascular diseases, although weak to moderate, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, such as advancing age, gender, race, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, indicators of socioeconomic status, stress, obesity, lipid rich diet and others. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate a correlation between periodontitis and ECG abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study constituting 15 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis and 15 systemically healthy subjects without periodontitis. Subjects were selected with proper inclusion and exclusion criteria. For each patient clinical parameters including PI, MGI, PD, CAL, BP and Electrocardiograph (ECG) are recorded. ECG changes like LVH, ST depression etc. are evaluated and the relation with periodontal condition is assessed. Results: No significant ECG abnormalities were detected in moderate-severe chronic generalised periodontitis patients. Conclusion: The present study did not find a relationship between periodontitis and ECG abnormalities. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are required to associate the relationship.

Binder's syndrome is a rare congenital condition characterized by a retruded mid-face with an extremely flat nose due to an underdevelopment of the mid-facial skeleton. It primarily affects the anterior part of the maxilla and nasal complex. Hence the condition is also known as Maxillonasal dysplasia. This paper aims to put forth the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation & the, management of Binder’s syndrome.

The dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal ridges present on the surface of palm, soles, finger and toe and have emerge a promising tool in screening and diagnosis of medical and genetics conditions. It is one of the low-cost and noninvasive methods used for mass screening. Materials & methods: This study was conducted out in 100 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 100 Non diabetic individuals as control. Dermatoglyphic prints of both hands of study subject were taken by using ink method as described by Cummins and Midlow. Results: This study observed that whorls are increased in diabetic patients both in right and left hand, this difference was found statistically significant (p<0.0001, p<0.003). Arches found more in control than diabetes mellitus patient and this difference is statistically significant (p< 0.007, p<0.0001) Ulnar loop found more in control than diabetes mellitus patients and this difference found statistically significant. There was increase in ‘atd’ angle in patients of diabetes mellitus than controls and this was statistically significant.

Epulis is the most commonly detected benign tumor of the oral cavity. Usually presents as a solitary lesion involving the marginal and attached gingiva. It is the 1st reported case of a 56 year old female patient with four isolated epulides on all four sides of oral cavity and this rare finding is coined as „Quadra Epulis‟.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious, chronic, progressive, debilitating disease. It has amalignant potential resulting from progressive juxtaepithelial fibrosis of the oral soft tissues, resulting in increasing loss of tissue mobility, marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. The hallmark of the disease being sub mucosal fibrosis that affects most parts of the oral cavity, pharynx and upper third of the oesophagus and its clinical presentation depends on the stage of the disease at detection. As the disease has a spectrum of presentation, the management differs with the various stages of the disease. This articles presents a review of the existing literature pertaining to the effectiveness of medical management of Oral submucous fibrosis in its initial stages

Aim: The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of resorbable collagen-based tetracycline fibers and chlorhexidine chip placement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: A split-mouth design was used to conduct this study. Fifty one patients with periodontal pockets ranging from ≥5 mm to ≤7 mm were selected for the study. The treatment sites were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. All of the selected sites were treated with scaling and root planning, and then collagen-based resorbable tetracycline fibers and chlohexidine chip were placed adjunctively in equal number of experimental sites at the same visit. Baseline and followup measurements in both treatment groups included plaque index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level. Results: Although significant clinical benefits were obtained in all the treatment groups, the adjunctive antimicrobial use of chlorhexidine chip demonstrated better results compared to the locally tetracycline fibers over the 3-month observational period. Conclusions: The delivery of both antimicrobial agent’s tetracycline in a collagen Matrix and chlorhexidine chip was found to improve the benefits of scaling and root planing by a larger magnitude in patients with moderate-to-deep pockets.