This study examines the effect of each independent variable (Non Financial Compensation and Work Discipline) of the Dependent variable (Performance Officer). Then look at the effects of both independent variables simultaneously (simultaneous) against Dependent variables. This study was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach using. The information collected from respondents using research instruments like questionnaire with the object of an employee population PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Sumatera Selatan and Bangka Belitung as many as 265 people, then taking a sample of 101 people. The result of using the first hypothesis, Compensation Nonfinancial significant effect on performance. The results of the second hypothesis that there is an influence on the Performance Work Discipline. The third hypothesis is that there is a significant Influence together (simultaneously) of two independent variables (Non Financial Compensation and Work Discipline) against variable Dependent (Performance). Based on the analysis, the company should provide more training routine according to a function of duty every employee fairly, giving appropriate promotion of employee performance, a comfortable working environment friendly without seeing positions. To discipline the company must give unequivocal sanctions and consequences for noncompliance. When it has been implemented, then the employee was awarded to complete the task of own difficulties and staffing should fit the skill areas of each division

This research work was carried out to ascertain the perception and utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) in nursing care delivery by midwives in Imo State University Teaching hospital Orlu. The objective of the study was to ascertain midwives perception of the use of ICT, to ascertain the current level of usage of ICT and find out factors hindering the use of ICT. the significance of the study was to assist the management of health institutions where midwives are employed to gain insight into the midwives perception and usage of ICT tools in the discharged of their services, the research was a descriptive research was a descriptive research design aimed at ascertaining the midwives’ perception and utilization of information communication technology for nursing care delivery in IMSUTH Orlu. The target population is 500 midwives and sample size was 100 midwives both students and working class nurses. Questionnaires were used for data collection and data analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and charts. The results revealed that majority of the respondents had a positive perception towards ICT, majority make use of ICT in patient care and factors that hinder the utilization of ICT include low level of computer knowledge, busy work schedule and inaccessibility of facilities. It is therefore recommended that continuing education programmes on ICT application should be organized for midwives in IMSUTH Orlu and curriculum for midwives training should include computer studies, health information and ICT application, also health organizations in Orlu, even in Imo state generally, should provide internet and other ICT facilities in the institutions in order to enhance access and usage of ICT by the staff of the hospital, including midwives.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of multiple pulmonary disorders. ILDs are characterized by an irreversible architectural distortion and impaired gas exchange; however, there is great variability in the clinical course. ILD diagnosis requires a combination of clinical data, radiological imaging and histological findings. It is necessary to find reliable predictors for the disease progression. Peripheral blood biomarkers offer the advantages of being readily obtained, non-invasive, and serially monitored. At the same time, successful management of ILD patients strictly depends on an accurate and confident diagnosis. In this context, the detection of reliable biomarkers able to identify ILD subtypes. This review focuses on selected validated and/or potentially interesting biomarkers investigated in the peripheral blood and lung tissue of patients with ILD associated with Connective tissue disease (CTD)

Awareness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been increasing over time. The aim of this study was to determine the Patterns of CAM use, perceived benefits and adverse effects of CAM by the users, as well as the reasons for use. Also to estimate the monthly cost of CAM to users in the study area.A cross-sectional study design was used, and structured questionnaire was the means of data collection. Purposive sampling was done. Three hundred respondents (53.7% males and 46.3% females) participated in this study with 295 (98.3%) CAM-users and 5(1.7%) non-CAM users. The relationship between CAM use and all the socio-demographic characteristics were however not significant (p>0.05). The most popularly known CAM method was Traditional herbal medicine (95.3%) followed by vitamins (91.0%) and spiritual healing (71.7%). Majority of the respondents believed CAM products should be encouraged (91.7%), combined CAM with prescribed medications (55.5%) and did not inform their doctors of their CAM use (50.3%). About 34% believed that CAM products had side effects, while 21.4% reported experiencing these side effects. The surveyed respondents spent 5,000 -30,000 naira on CAM monthly. There is dire need for adequate regulatory policies on the formulation, distribution and use of CAM products as its use is prevalent.

This study was done to assess the factors affecting birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) among pregnant women. The area of study was antenatal clinic of primary health centre Arondizuogu Okigwe L. G a of Imo State. The objectives of the study were; to assess the knowledge of mothers about Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness, to identify the factors affecting the practice of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness, to assess the male involvement in Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness. The purposive sample technique was used to select 76 pregnant women who met the study criteria. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The results from the study showed that about 56(76.3%) of the 76 respondents who have heard about Birth preparedness and complication readiness have adequate knowledge of it. However, about 25(32.9%) gave negative reasons why they do not practice Birth preparedness and complication readiness while about 65(86.8%) were being supported by their spouse in Birth preparedness and complication readiness practice. Some factors were identified by some of the respondents as factors that impede the practice of Birth preparedness and complication readiness .Recommendations were made to teach mothers ways of dealing with these factors, and the work was summarized and concluded based on the research findings.

Introduction: Transfusion of blood and its components is a life saving measure in various medical and surgical emergencies. Transfusion carries the risk of transmitting the life threatening transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) agents like Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Syphilis and Malaria. Aim & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Major Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Blood Donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital of North India. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 7405 blood donors who donated blood in the Blood Transfusion Department, BPS Government medical college for women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat over a period of one year. For testing purpose, ELISA kits of 4th generation for HIV І & ІІ, while 3rd generation kits for HBsAg and HCV were used. Syphilis antigen was screened by Anti-TP Test and malaria was screened by the Pan Antigen Card Test. Results: Amongst a total of 7405 donors, 7235 (97.7%) were male donors and only 170 were (2.3%) female donors. There were 6987 (95.3%) voluntary donors whereas 418 (5.7%) replacement donors. The overall seroprevalence of 2.84 % (211 cases of TTI in 7405 donors) was observed. The prevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria are 0.06%, 1.18%, 1.02%, 0.56% and 0% respectively. Conclusion: Voluntary donations are safer as compared to replacement ones and should be encouraged. Proper efforts in planned way should be made to increase the number of voluntary donors with a target of 100% and reduce replacement donations to a minimum.

Background: Everyone expected in the workplace will behave in a professional manner, and treat each other with dignity and respect. Many times clinical nurses behaving with manager nurses inappropriately and they think inappropriate behavior is a sufficient remedy, because they often don’t realize that their actions are causing a problem. Inappropriate behavior of the clinical nurses increased turnover rates in nurse managers, also reduced job satisfaction and reducing leader abilities. Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the inappropriate behavior of the clinical nurses’ influence the nurse managers’ performance in Services hospital, Lahore. Methodology: Cross- sectional descriptive and co-relational study was conduct to measure the inappropriate behavior of the clinical nurses’ influence the nurse managers’ performance. One hundred and thirty nurse managers (n=130) were selected for that research and linear regression was used to show the correlation between the variables. Results: The results of the study showed the positive relationship between the inappropriate behavior of the clinical nurses and nurse manager’s performance. The inappropriate behavior of the clinical nurses have 30.2% (p>0.05) relationship with nurse managers performance. Conclusion: This study concludes that the inappropriate behavior of the clinical nurses influence the nurse mangers performance. The results of the study showed the with beta value .549 with (p=0.00) and R square value is 30.2%. Overall results of the study show positive relationship between the inappropriate behavior of the clinical nurses and nurse manager’s performance.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish accurate diagnostic treatment decision threshold of proximal carious lesion in relation to the angle and depth of radiolucency in radiographic image in Saudi population. Methods: Bitewing x-rays were examined to detect the level of lesion depth and angle. Criteria for lesion depth were divided into four categories (E1, E2, DEJ & D). Radiolucincies in the bitewing radiograph extending less than or equal to outer half of enamel(E1), more than the inner half of enamel and before DEJ(E2), at the Dentinoenamel junction(DEJ), less than or equal to the outer half of dentin(D). Angle and Depth were also measured using SIDEXIS XG software (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). Clinically, cavitation was evaluated at proximal tooth surfaces directly after the extraction of the adjacent tooth or missing proximal contact with the adjacent tooth due to several different indications (Decayed, orthodontic reasons, etc.). Independent T-test was used to correlate between (lesion depth & angle of radiolucency) with clinical cavitation. Chi-square test was used to correlate lesion depth of four categories with clinical cavitation. Results: 116 approximal surfaces with (age mean=31 years old) had (41 cavitated, 75 non-cavitated) proximal surfaces. Premolar 56.9% and Molar 43.1%. There is significant relationship between cavitation and increasing depth in proximal surface that gave P-value= (0.000). A significant relationship was found between clinical cavitation and the angle of approximal enamel surface with P-value = (0.024). Conclusion: With limitations in this study, dentists should be aware of contrast of the approximal lesion angle (determined by three points, most coronal radiolucent point, the deepest axial point and the most apical radiolucent point) of bitewing x-rays to evaluate operative intervention in proximal surface. The more increase in angle the less tendency toward cavitation.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in infancy and childhood. The incidence varies in different populations. Mutations of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene have been implicated in malignant retinoblastoma. This research seeks to identify any mutations that could be present in exon 19 and have implications in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma among children in Calabar. Children (9) with retinoblastoma attending the University of Calabar teaching Hospital (UCTH), Dept of Opthalmology. 30 unrelated and unmatched controls with no history of retinoblastoma were recruited into the study. 2- 3mls of blood was collected from each child, genomic DNA was extracted from blood, PCRs and sequencing were performed on exon 19. The nucleotide sequences of the RB1 gene were decoded from the chromatogram using Bioedit software and aligned manually. Multiple sequence alignment was performed using CLUSTAL W. The RB1 gene mutation frequencies were 2(22.2%) and 3(33.3%) for missense mutations and deletions respectively. Sequencing revealed two missense mutations namely: g.98A>G (p.Y33C) and g.154A>G (p.I52V) in a male patient and a female patient. Deletions include: g.1delC, g.1-12delCAGGAAAACCA, g.45-46delAA, g.14- 21delTTATTAAA and g.1-55delCAGGAA…..TTC were all observed in male (bilateral) cases of retinoblastoma 3(11.1%). These mutations were absent in 6(66.6%) children and the control subjects. Two missense and five deletions were observed in four males and a female patient. The RB1 gene mutation frequency was low among the retinoblastoma children, implying that these mutations were not directly responsible for retinoblastoma, the main causal mutation may be present in other exons. Exon 19 needs to be investigated in a larger population.

Background: Adequate knowledge empowers healthcare providers to succeed in their roles as promoters of public health. However, it has been reported that even healthcare workers are not exempted from having poor knowledge of epilepsy. Identification of such gaps in knowledge, albeit at an early stage, is beneficial. Objectives: To assess epilepsy knowledge among final year medical students in Calabar, Nigeria, in order to identify existing knowledge gap and generate data to guide design of training modules, on epilepsy, for healthcare professionals. Methods: With the use of convenience sampling method, we conducted a survey on epilepsy knowledge, among final year medical students of the University of Calabar, using a structured questionnaire incorporating the epilepsy knowledge scale. Data analysis was done with version 20 of the SPSS statistical package. Results: Seventy nine medical students, with 4 to 8 years duration of medical training, participated in the study. 2.5%, 19.0%, 51.9%, 25.3% and 1.3% of them had very poor, poor, borderline, good and very good levels of epilepsy knowledge, respectively. Conclusion: The respondents had poor knowledge of epilepsy, which could impact the quality of epilepsy care in the region. The identified gaps should be considered while designing training modules for healthcare professionals

Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of alkaline phosphatase activity. It is characterized by a defect in bone and tooth mineralization. There are remarkable dental manifestations, mainly, the premature loss of fully-rooted deciduous teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. This clinical report describes the oral management of a patient with juvenile hypophosphatasia, followed 10 years in the department of dentistry at the Rabta Hospital-Tunis-Tunisia. Removable prostheses were made to establish an acceptable masticatory function, speech, occlusion and aesthetics for the patient.

The study compared the knowledge and practice of dental students regarding infection control policies in College of Dentistry, Taibah University, KSA. Self-administrated questionnaire were applied to dental students of 3rd, 4th and 5th year (n = 51). Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis of data. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. The response rate was 100%. Knowledge of the students regarding infection control policies, none of the respondent obtained a full score of 13 (highest knowledge). The lowest score obtained (15) and 16% of respondent obtained this score. The highest score was 23 (poor knowledge). (57%) of third year students had an acceptable score of less than 18. The best score for fifth year students was 15 (29.4%) and the worst score of 21 was found in two students. The knowledge of students in relation to their year of study showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Almost 70% of respondents did not know the correct procedures to follow after having a needle stick injury. There were no sig- nificant differences (P > 0.05) between the student’s knowledge regarding the procedure to follow after a needle stick injury and the year of study. After comparing the knowledge of students to their observed practices in the clinics, Two thirds of the students reported not to wash their hands before and after each patient. (67.6%) of students don’t wash their hands before the procedures and (15.8%) of students don’t wash their hands after treating patient. More than 90% of respondents who were observed did not wear goggles whilst treating patients.

The Indian Diasporas in Gulf countries contributing the development of building of remittances. The migrants are not contributing into development of economy of India but also grass root level comprises to community and households level. In these consequences, present paper explored the role of Indian migrants in the development of community and their households at root. They remitted individual remittances to their households as well as their community at root which led to the demonstration impact of migration in the sample rural areas of Lucknow district. These phenomena created to the culture of migration from rural areas to Gulf countries.

According to WHO estimates, 16.7 million people around the globe die of cardiovascular disease each year. Economic transition, urbanization, industrialization and globalization bring about life style changes that promote heart disease. High blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity are likely to become more prevalent in developing countries. Increased energy intake and sedentary lifestyle are also responsible for heart disease. The presence of one or more cardiovascular risk factors like high levels of TC, LDL, TG, glucose, insulin, BMI and a decreased HDL have been found to increase the progression of prehypertension to hypertension. Prehypertension increases the risk of MI and CAD. The present study was undertaken to know serum HDL changes in prepubertal and postmenopausal women. Life style patterns like diet, physical activity were included in study. Total 60 Subjects of age group 8-10Years (prepubertal), 46-55years (postmenopausal) female volunteered for our study. During the study period, BMI, HDL, dietaty intake and physical activity and parameters were recorded in all the subjects. HDL is gradually decreased from pre pubertal to post menopausal women. We concluded the presence of Cardio protective HDL is normally higher in prepubertal females. Lower levels of HDL increases CVD risk. This can be attributed mainly to sedentary life style, stress and dietary habits this is seen in post menopausal women.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of radio-contrast media i.e Iohexol and Diatrizoate Sodium in patients visiting the Radiology department for CT scan. Methodology: It was an observational study, conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Hospital Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Pulse rate and blood pressure were measured three to five times, before administration of Iohexol or Diatrizoate Sodium, after 5 min and 1 hr after administration of Iohexol and after 1 hr and 2 hr starting of administration of Diatrizoate Sodium. Results: 5 minutes post-Iohexol administration increased in SBP was observed in 66.66% and decreased SBP observed in 21% participants. While 58.66% participant’s DBP decreased and 37.33% participant’s DBP increased. 1 hr post-Iohexol administration in 44% individuals recorded fall in SBP and in 56% individuals recorded rise in SBP compare to the pre-Iohexol administration. 1-hour post-Iohexol administration, in 60% participants recorded decreased DBP and in 32% participant recorded rise in DBP. In 65.33% cases, PR increased within 5 minutes after Iohexol administration while 81.33% participant’s PR was increased, 1 hr post-Iohexol administration. After 1 hr starting of Diatrizoate Sodium administration, decrease in SBP was recorded in 38.46% and increased in SBP recorded in 46.15% participants while incidence of decreased in DBP was in 38.46% cases and increased DBP was observed in 23.07% cases. 2 hr post Diatrizoate Sodium administration in 57.69% participants increased in PR observed. Conclusion: Post Iohexol administration SBP and PR were increased but DBP decreased. But these were clinically insignificant fall or rise in BP or PR except increased in PR 1 hr post-Iohexol compare to pre-Iohexol which was clinically highly significant. Post-Diatrizoate Sodium administration SBP and DBP were decreased whereas PR was increased compared to pre-Diatrizoate Sodium but this fall in BP and rise in PR is clinically insignificant