The need for Nigerian organizations to pay attention to cross-cultural management practices have become necessary following the challenges posed by cultural diversity and tribal sentiment in many states of the country. These barriers add to the usual challenges that entrepreneurs face with regard to capacity, financing, and market access. This study accesses Cross Cultural Management and Entrepreneurial Environment in Nigeria using intercultural communication and entrepreneurial mobility as proxies of study. The specific objectives of the study are to determine the factors affecting cross cultural management in Nigeria and to ascertain the behavioral aspect of managers in managing cross cultural business in Nigeria. The study revealed that the understanding of some basic cultural differences can help foster the movement of various entrepreneurial resources from one place to another without any form of barrier and cultural shock. The study concludes that Cross cultural management expands the mobility of pool of potential entrepreneurs, builds incentives for entrepreneurship, eases the costs of doing business, helps industrialize local communities and generates healthy competition. The study recommends that policymakers should create proactive cross-cultural communication education and entrepreneurs should understand cultural sensitivities, avoid conflict and appreciate how words, tonality, and body language vary with every culture

Scientific knowledge is one of the expected direct impacts in the Scientific Inquiry learning model (Joyce, 2009), which means that Scientific Knowledge is the learning outcome that is to be achieved in learning. Scientific knowledge is the result of student physics learning that is concerned with strengthening cognitive structures in understanding, mastering and applying physics concepts so students can solve physics problems from simple to complex. As for the purpose of this study are: 1. To know whether or not there are differences Scientific Knowledge of Physics between students taught using the Scientific Inquiry learning model and conventional learning 2. To find out whether or not there are differences in Scientific Knowledge of Physics caused by students 'Formal Reasoning 3. To find out the interaction between the learning model and Formal Reasoning in increasing students' Scientific Knowledge? As for research design in this study using different analysis for the two dependent variables. Variables are bound to Scientific Knowledge using analysis of variance or 2x2 ANOVA. The research instrument used was in the form of a description for the scientific knowledge test, and multiple choice forms on the students' formal reasoning test. The conclusion of this study was 1. The ability of scientific knowledge of students to use scientific inquiring learning was better than the scientific knowledge ability of students using expository learning models, The ability of scientific knowledge of students in the formal reasoning group is above average better than the scientific knowledge ability of students in the formal reasoning group below the average, 3. There is an interaction between the learning model and formal reasoning in improving students' scientific knowledge. The scientific knowledge learning outcomes of students taught through the scientific learning model in the formal reasoning group above average and formal reasoning are below the higher average compared to the results of scientific knowledge learning students taught through conventional learning in the formal reasoning group above average and in the formal reasoning group below average.

A Pandemic of Influenza A (H1N1), caused by a new strain of the Virus started in Mexico in 2009. The first case in India was seen at Hyderabad in June 2009. Influenza A H1N1 2009 is transmitted by airborne droplet infection. The disease was initially known as Swine Flu, but now called as Seasonal Flu. The study has been carried out at M. P. Shah Government Medical College and Guru Gobind Singh Hospital, Jamnagar Gujarat. As per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India guidelines, Category C Seasonal Flu patients were admitted in the Hospital. Out of 178 samples sent, 99 samples tested positive. 26 patients succumbed to the illness. Retrospective analysis of the Fatal cases were done with respect to various parameters. Maximum number of patients were in the age group above 60years. More number of fatal cases were in the age group of 40 to 49 years. Mortality was more in males although incidence was almost same in both sex. Presence of Co-Morbid illness was high amongst fatal cases. All fatal cases had low Oxygen saturation on presentation and were late in starting Oseltamivir after onset of symptoms. Even after 10 years Seasonal Influenza caused by H1N1 Virus carries significant mortality

The current study aimed to identify the negative effects of using the social network (Facebook) on the students of the secondary level and their differences according to the variables of gender and stream. The sample of the study consisted of (224) secondary students: 91 males and 133 females who were intentionally selected from the secondary schools in AlYarmouk area of Bani Kinana in Northern Jordan. The questionnaire was adopted in the process of data collection. The results showed that the mean of the negative effects of using the Social Network (Facebook) on the secondary students as a whole was (2.98) by a medium degree. The descending order of the fields of the tool is: (Social effects, health effects, academic effects, behavioral effects, and emotional and psychological effects). The results also showed that there were no statistical differences in the negative effects of using the social network (Facebook) on the secondary students due to the impact of the variables of gender and stream. The study recommended the need that the Ministry of Education adopts a national training project to help students cope with the negative effects of using the Facebook.

Till date there is no definite basis of burn out syndrome. There is vast difference in the bookish knowledge and practicability of this particular so called syndrome or disease. It’s the aftermath of over work, loss of self confidence and reduction in satisfaction. But till now it’s counted as a result of inadequate treatment of chronic stress. In this publication I have tried my level best to explore the current concept of this syndrome which could affect the future and contemporary generations. A variety of factors play into burnout among healthcare professionals, many of which are non-modifiable such as gender, socio-demographic variables, personality, and age [1]; however, the top cited reason for burnout is work overload [2]. When a person works in a high stress field such as healthcare they are exposed to emotionally draining experiences all the time so the added pressure of working while the hospital is understaffed only piles on to that stress. Many studies within hospitals have found a direct link between reducing workload and reduced burnout among healthcare professionals [3] which led to a significant drop in patient deaths [4]. It is impossible to expect for us as healthcare professionals to do the work of two or three people and still give the same quality care to a patient as usual. Burnout only leads to mediocre patient care and a poor work environment, which continue the vicious circle to only cause more burnout. and Medical institutions across the world have attempted to provide both preventive and curative care for healthcare workers who are at risk for experiencing burnout; however, many of these attempts were unsuccessful and do not address the underlying problem: overworked staff. Goal: The goals of this study were: to identify the specific stressors of high intensity in the hospital physicians work environment, to discover whether and how certain stressors can affect the appearance of burnout syndrome at work in a hospital physician, to determine whether certain individual factors influence the occurrence of burnout syndrome at work. Methods and subjects: Study was conducted on medical professionals working at Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Results: The study comprised 64.8% hospital doctors (specialists and doctors on specialization) of a total 321 employees in various departments. High level of emotional exhaustion was recorded in 45.9% a high level of depersonalization in 54.8 %, and a low level in perceptions of personal accomplishments in 45.2% of respondents. Conclusions: Continuous exposure to stressors at the workplace, such as work at shifts, excessive workload, poor communication with superiors, and lack of continuous education of hospital physicians can lead to mental and physical exhaustion, professional burnout. Socially there was no source to make amendments in the working conditions of the professionals. High-quality controlled studies on burnout syndrome are lacking. A standardized and internationally accepted diagnostic instrument with a validated rating scale should be developed. The etiology and pathogenesis of burnout should be studied with special regard to the possible role of neurobiological factors. Treatments for it should be studied systematically so that their effects can be judged at a high level of evidence. In view of the current lack of knowledge about what is called “burnout,” the term should not be used as a medical diagnosis or as a basis for decisions regarding disability or other socioeconomic matters.

Sports is any activity that you do for pleasure and that needs physical effort or skill, usually done in a special area and according to fixed rules this paper discussed the influence of sport participation on students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Dutsin-Ma metropolis of Katsina State. Survey research design was utilized in this study. The population of this study consist of 1, 574 students, 430 teachers and 7 public secondary schools in Dutsin-Ma metropolis. For the purpose of this study, purposive sampling technique was adopted and five (5) public secondary schools were selected in Dutsin-ma Metropolis. One hundred (100) teachers were selected as respondent from the 5 selected secondary schools. A self-developed, structured and validated questionnaire was used to elicit the desired information regarding influence of sports participation on students’ academic performance of secondary schools in Dutsin-ma metropolis. The findings in Table-2 show that health benefits of sport participation on academics performance is positive and not negative with mean responses below 2.50 in item 1 and 3 and with mean responses above 2.50 in item 2,4 and 5. It was concluded that students who participate in sports aspire more to come to school and remain in class. It recommended that sports and games should be given proper allocation of time in the school time table. The principals must ensure this.

Introduction: The surgical outcome is always influenced by postoperative respiratory complications. In few cases post-operative mechanical ventilation is needed while undergoing surgeries with general anaesthesia. There are many postoperative and intraoperative parameters are responsible for this. This study was designed to assess the association of pre and intra operative parameters with post-operative mechanical ventilation in cases subjected to elective abdominal surgery. Materials and methods: A total 100 cases scheduled to undergo elective major or minor abdominal surgeries between age group 21-70 years were recruited. Cases were administered with general anesthesia and cases were scheduled for extubation at the end of surgery, but complicated cases were shifted to ICU for post-operative mechanical ventilator support. Peak expiratory flow rates were measured in those extubated within 24 hrs after surgery. Results: Low albumin levels, alcohol consumption, preoperative hospital stay, preoperative respiratory tract infection, COPD, bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, Sputum production, smoking were not statistically significant and pre-operative hospitalization time, Smoking, >10% weight loss, Hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular complication were significantly correlating with postoperative mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Significant parameters such as <10% weight loss, pre-operative hospitalization and smoking found to be significant parameters of requirement of post-operative mechanical ventilation by multiple logistic regressions

This paper discusses the influence of social media on the academic performance of boys in secondary schools in Bungoma East and Webuye West Sub Counties, Kenya. The period 2011-2014 had shown the performance of secondary school boys in these study area to be lower than that of girls. Purposive sampling was used to select boys’ secondary schools in Bungoma East and Webuye West sub-counties while random sampling was used to get a sample of respondents from the boy’s schools. The study was informed by the social development theory by Lev Vygotsky. Primary data collection was done by use of questionnaires while document analysis was used to collect secondary data especially on the performance of students in the mid-year exams, 2016. The study used multiple linear regression to analyze the data; findings of which were presented in tables. The study results showed that social media has a significant influence on the academic performance of secondary school boys in Bungoma East and Webuye West Sub Counties. This paper thus concludes that secondary school boys’ exposure to social media in is high and, consequently, negatively affects their academic performance.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of tooth development charecterized by the presence of opalescent dentin, resulting in a dusky blue to brownish discoloration of the teeth. This condition is genetically and clinically heterogeneous. Both deciduous and permanent dentitions are affected. This report describes a case of 19 year old female patient with characteristic dental features of dentinogenesis imperfecta type II

The state has employed polices that is meant to encourage the identification and conversion of credits between universities both domestically and abroad. This is an initiative to integrate Chinese domestic universities with world-class universities abroad. Through conducting the research and sorting out the credit transfer system of top universities in both China and abroad, we found that there is still a long way to go before this policy is fully developed. We also found problems in the existing credit transfer system, and therefore, we proposed several mythologies to optimize the credit transfer system. Educational institutions should be innovative and use practical actions to promote the realization and improvement of credit recognition and conversion systems for higher education in China.

A new simple, precise, accurate, sensitiveand rapid chromatographic method based on RP-HPLC was developed and validated for the estimation of Barnidipine HCl in bulk and in-house tablet dosage form. Methanol: Water (80:20 v/v)) was used as mobile phase. A gradient programing has been done, on a reverse phase C8 column (250×4.6mm×5μ) with flow rate 1 mL/min, monitored at 260 nm. The mean retention times of Barnidipine HCl were found to be 2.8 min respectively. Linearity of Barnidipine HCl was found to be 3-18 μg/mL, R2= 0.999 respectively. The developed methods have shown the best findings in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ for API and in house tablets. The depicted method can routinely be used for the determination of Barnidipine HCl in bulk and for in-house tablets formulation

Since the Dakar education forum of 2000, Kenya has committed herself to universalizing basic education. However, it faces the challenge of class repetition in both primary and secondary school levels has indicated by the government concern through a circular number MOE/HRS/3/7/4 to schools in 2013 (ministry of education, 2013). The World Bank noted with concerns that 6% of school going children repeat a class annually in the country (World Bank, 2014). Policy guidelines in Kenya has faced varieties of challenges in its implementation stages (McConnell, 2014; Gacheche, 2010) and this study sort to identify fundamental issues that need to be addressed so as to enable the class repetition policy to be a success not a failure. The study found out that research is essential in policy and quality of education should be a concern in the implementation process. Teachers play a crucial role in creating a new approach to teaching and handling of emerging issues in learning environments. The study recommended for a need assessment of the impact of the policy on academic performance and school infrastructure. Teachers being implementers of policy should be agents of change in any success of policy in education.

Introduction: Anaesthesia as a profession comprises of a wide range of involvement from supportive specialty to surgery to one involved in wholesome and complete care of patients, not only in operation theatres but also in intensive care units and pain clinics. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of our patients about anaesthesia care, so that in developing countries awareness programme can be arranged to educate the public. Material and Methods: The present cross sectional survey was conducted among 500 patients visiting department for pre anaesthesia check up. Patients were asked to answer 13 items questionnaire and answers were recorded on answer sheet by senior anaesthesiologist at the time of pre anaesthesia check up in outpatient clinic. The data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 16 and was expressed as number and percentage as required. Results: Among 500 patients, 251 (50.2%) participants knew anaesthesiology as a separate medical discipline, 320 (64%) thought of anaesthesiologist as a doctor. Regarding the responsibility for intensive care management of a complicated surgical patient, 16 among 500 patients considered anaesthesiologist to be responsible for that. 190 among 500 patients considered the role of anaesthesiologist in pain management and among 500 patients, 220 thought that surgeon, 18 thought that anaesthesiologist and 262 thought that nurse managed pain post-operatively. Conclusion: Patients had insufficient knowledge about role of anaesthesiologists as well as their role in improving the outcome of surgery. Henceforth, there is a need to establish closer links with the community to create awareness about the role of the anaesthesiologist

This work is focused on Leadership and Governance in Rivers State: The case study of Okrika Local Government Area 1999-2015. It intends to examine the attitude and character of a true leader in Okrika Local Government Area and to interrogate the Leadership style towards achieving some levels of development. It also provides to conceptual framework for proper understanding of the dynamics of a Leader and the synergy between the followers and the Leadership. The work intends to reinvigorate the dynamism interest in good Leadership to actualize the benefits derivable from good Leadership styles. This is because bad Leadership breeds poor followership and retards development whereas good Leadership ushers in sustained economic development. The work will involve the application of various theories of development to bring to fore the needed areas of proper infusion of good ideas to the good of the Local Government.

Objective: Introduction: Saudi initiative for asthma provides an updated framework for the diagnosis and management of asthma based on the best global scientific information. However, the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi has dramatically increased from 5% to 25% in the last decade. Objectives: To obtain information from health care providers (HCPs) regarding their knowledge, attitudes and use of the national guidelines for diagnosis and management of the childhood asthma. Methods: The study consisted of mixed surveys [semi-structured interviews (phase 1) and online survey (phase 2)] of the HCPs (paediatric doctors, pharmacists and nurses) whom work at hospital and primary care centres in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. The surveys assessed the knowledge and adherence of the HCPs to the national care pathway. Results: The paediatric doctor’s interviews afforded that the main barriers to adherence to guidelines are the lack of awareness and resources. In the online surveys, of the 535 HCPs, 172 surveys were completed. Of these, 48% of the respondents reported being aware to children asthma guidelines. 42% of the respondents did not follow any paediatric asthma guidelines. More than half of respondents (51.7%) follow guidelines for the paediatric asthma diagnosis. The most common barrier for adherence to asthma guidelines were lack of awareness (40%), followed by patient non-compliance with clinical management plan, lack of resources, difficult to understand the guidelines and the lack of time (32%), (16%), (7%) and (4%), respectively. Vast majority of respondents (75%) didn’t attend any training courses regarding awareness with asthma diagnosis and management. The study also revealed that dust mites and air pollution are the most popular asthma triggers (38%). 43% of respondents strongly agreed that a Saudi gene may be responsible for asthma. Most of the participants are not familiar with the number of children were admitted to Hospitals in the last twelve months. Conclusions: The results support that HCPs need education regarding diagnosis and clinical management plans of asthma by attending courses and workshops. Establishment of an asthma care centre may improve awareness and identify in depth the effective pathways for rapid asthma diagnosis