Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) has long been medicinally used in different systems of medicine. The plant has several pharmacological properties including antioxidant activity. Aim of the present work was to see the effects of extraction solvents on in vitro antioxidant activity of C. speciosus leaves. Leaves of C. speciosus were collected from the local market and identified by the taxonomist. Extracts of the leaves were prepared separately using acetone, methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. With the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, linoleic acid peroxidation assay and DPPH photometric assay, in vitro antioxidant activities of all extracts were checked. Total phenol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids and carotenoids contents of the extracts were also determined. Results showed that methanol extract of C. speciosus leaves had maximum in vitro antioxidant activity in comparison to other solvent extracts. This was due to presence of high amount of total phenol in methanol extract. Methanol extract of C. speciosus leaves, therefore, may be further investigated in search for natural antioxidant compounds.

AphraBehn wrote the first novel in the English language. She may justly be called, ‘Mother of the English Novel’. Behn’s Oroonoko [2], predates Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe by thirteen years. Although her highly original work of fiction has sometimes been dismissed as a ‘romance’, similar to the proto-fiction that appeared in the previous century, her work in fact marks a wholly new departure in English literature. It bears the hallmarks – the narration of events as recalled and filtered through the eyes of its characters; the interest in exact narrative detail; the claim that the tale is a true story, and based on eye-witness accounts – that thereafter would define the novel proper. Oroonoko is now generally agreed to draw on the author’s first-hand experience, albeit highly fictionalised, of a period spent in the Dutch colony of Surinam, in South America. Behn’s novel is remarkable in the period when it was written, for the respect with which its narrator describes the customs of indigenous peoples, and the dignity and courage of native-born Africans, the novel’s heroes. In her tale of the rebellion and tragic fate of a noble and heroic African prince, and of his wife Imoinda, Behn not only wrote the first English novel, but – nearly two centuries before Uncle Tom’s Cabin – the first work of fiction to denounce the institution of slavery

Effect of season on in vitro antioxidant activity of Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) leaves was studied. Leaves of C. speciosus of different seasons were collected from the local market and authenticated by the taxonomist. In vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves was measured by superoxide anion generation with the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, linoleic acid peroxidation assay and DPPH photometric assay. Amount of total phenols present in the leaves of different seasons was also estimated. Results showed that in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves of C. speciosus was maximum during summer (March – May) in comparison to other seasons of the year. Amount of total phenols present in the leaves was also found maximum in summer. In vitro antioxidant activity of C. speciosus leaves, therefore, was due high amount of total phenols in the leaves. Leaves of C. speciosus of summer may be further investigated to get natural antioxidant compound.

Discussions on the phenomenon of international migration seem to be the base for the diaspora researches. However, should these intertwined social processes, in terms of theoretical researches, be fed from a much broader conceptual framework? Can a phenomenon of diaspora, arising as a result of international migration, be studied without the concept of related terms such as globalization, migration, ghettoization, minorities, identity, nationalism and transnational social spaces? This study focuses to answer these questions and points out the necessity of including the other concepts in a broader context for a better understanding of the relationship between international migration and diaspora. These concepts and conceptual discussions that become more and more important in the literature, makes to interpret the relationship between international migration and diaspora in the light of current developments.

Biodiversity loss through anthropogenic drivers is a matter of serious concern. Background extinction is a natural phenomenon. Anthropogenic biodiversity loss, also called sixth mass extinction has been addressed from various viewpoints. The issue of biodiversity loss has been discussed in local-, regional-, and national- and international –forums. The debate is continuing to identify the root cause of the anthropogenic mass extinction. The present communication discusses various anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity loss and explains the on-going sixth mass extinction using Garrett Hardin's “the tragedy of the commons”. Such explanations provide options for policy makers and for the people to save the precious biodiversity of our planet. It has been demonstrated that our present consumption of the Net Primary Productivity must be reduced through reducing consumption of food and energy to save the other life forms or the biodiversity. Promotion of sustainable human behaviours to ameliorate the problem of anthropogenic extinction has been discussed in the light of recent findings from neurobiology and molecular biology to give options for solving the problem. Biodiversity conservation through providing benefit to the people may be the effective conservation strategies which would save the interest of human civilizations as well as other life forms on the earth.

In general, human trafficking is a global problem that is very seriously addressed, where the majority of victims are children and women. The research method used is a type of normative juridical source from secondary data by reviewing the legal literature and the Act. The results of the study are the provision of fulfilling the rights of children and women as an effort to form legal protection for children who are victims of crime. Legal protection efforts are children's rights that should be given when becoming victims, namely the rights of children and women to obtain restitution as stipulated in the provisions of the law. The mechanism for submitting and providing restitution for children and women can be carried out based on the laws and regulations that apply, one of which is Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the eradication of criminal acts of trafficking in persons. In addition, there is also a Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 in which the submission of restitution is divided into two stages, namely submitted during the process of investigation and prosecution. In this case, the investigator must be notified to the victim of his compensation rights (restitution), after being told then the victim must submit restitution within three days with the requirements for the application file that has been determined in government regulations

Implementation of herbal medication is traditionally employed for treating broad spectrum diseases. Among this remedial flora, Nigella sativa is emerging as potent pharmaceutically significant plant with supportive religious background. Produce formulated from N. sativa have been found effective as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic drugs for various disorders and also as an ideal healer for variety of wounds. As in daily routine, minor injuries, abrases and burns are common and inevitable. In consequence, wound healing which is a physiological and systematic process in response to injury may be impaired due to several external and internal factors like in case of several infections and in diabetic patients, and it may lead to diabetic foot ulcers with significant morbidity and mortality risks. Retarted diabetic wounds’ healing is mainly due to interlukin-8, hyperglycemia and other contributing factors are like poor epithelialization, angiogenesis and skin regeneration. Biochemically, black seeds contain 35% fatty acids, 21% proteins and 38% carbohydrates and vast variety of other vitamins and minerals. Among them, thymoquinone frequently reported constituent as potent wound healer either of diabetic origin or due to other reasons. So far explored broad spectrum efficacy of this plant is also directly a proof of hadith of Prophet Muhammad (UBPH(: ―Use black seeds regularly; because, it cures every disease excluding death‖. So its biochemical screening and dose optimization to cure and heal not only the diabetic wounds in better way but also for other pharamcognosal pursuits should be explored in future to provide general public of third world countries like Pakistan, as local cost effective alternative drug in replacement of expensive synthetic drugs for better medical treatment.

This research was conducted on the basis of a violation of the sale and purchase of plots of land which continued the construction of residents' houses in the East Coast Surabaya (Pamurbaya) protected area. Protected areas are areas that are defined by the main function of protecting environmental sustainability which includes natural resources and artificial resources. Included in the Pamurbaya area are Gunung Anyar District, Rungkut District, Sukolilo District and Mulyorejo District. This research also explains the implementation of the Government in fulfilling the right to adequate shelter to the community but on the other hand protected areas are very important for cities. Eviction or control is considered a good solution, but needs to be studied in advance regarding the impact caused by the control. In this study, we will discuss the steps to restore the function of the East Coast Surabaya (Pamurbaya) protected area, the impact on the fulfillment of the rights of the people who are at Wisma Tirto Agung Phase IV, and the impact caused by eviction. This study uses qualitative analysis methods, types of sociolegal research, as well as an empirical juridical approach, researchers collect all the data needed both primary data sourced from interviews or other secondary data. The results of this study indicate that the Surabaya City Government has not provided a clear solution to the cases that occur, residents of Wisma Tirto Agung stage IV remain in their homes. The plan to restore the function of protected areas by conducting evictions is still in the assessment stage because the Surabaya City Government cannot decide on evictions without regard to the rights of the community to have a decent place to live. In carrying out evictions, of course there are impacts caused. Can be seen from the psychological, economic, and social aspects.

This study aims to examine: 1) the effect of tax avoidance on earnings quality; 2) the influence of corporate governance on earnings quality; and 3) Effect of leverage on earnings quality; The research method used in this study is descriptive and verification. The population target in this study is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with observations in 2012-2017. Data to be used in research is secondary data in the form of data from annual reports and company financial statements. Validity and reliability testing is done before testing the hypothesis. This study uses the SPSS Version 25 analysis technique. The conclusion of tis research shows that tax avoidance, institutional ownership, independent commissioners, independent auditor, and leverage affect the quality of earnings by 31.1%. Almost 69.9% is explained by other variables outside the model.

This study investigates the link between organisational ergonomics and academic staff performance in federal universities in the South-South zone of Nigeria. It sought to examine the extent of the influences of three organisational ergonomic dimensions (teamwork, job design and effective communication) on the research output- a proxy for academic staff performance. A total of 7,086 academic staff constituted the population of the study. Primary data were collected from a sample of 1,236 respondents that were drawn from the population using the questionnaire. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regression techniques. Results revealed that teamwork had the highest significant level of influence on the research output. This was followed by job design and effective communication. It was therefore concluded that organisational ergonomics has a significant positive influence on the research output of academic staff. Hence, management of Nigerian universities should prioritise the practice of organisational ergonomics and also pay attention to the implementation of policies that would encourage research collaboration among academic staff in their institutions

This paper x-rays the meaning of scientific literacy and compares it to how science is taught in Nigeria schools, in order, to know how Nigeria has fared in making her citizens scientifically literate. It was concluded that science teaching in Nigeria schools were meant for students to pass examination and not to feel the impact for societal growth. The consequences are that most farmers do not want to use fertilizers, graduates in science and applied science are highly superstitious, people do not know that brakes can fail, that sickle cell disease is genetic and not from evil spirits e.t.c Therefore, the impact of science is not felt. It was recommended that science curriculum should emphasis on why science, organize workshop for teachers on linking science to the society, so that the people would feel comfortable knowing what science is all about, even though they do not know much about science.

This paper uses conceptual blending theory to study the emotional poetic metaphors related to flowers in A Dream of Red Mansions. Exploration of how these emotional poetic metaphors are related to flowers in constructing meaning achieves the creative intention of the author. The proposal of this paper also reveals the "cognitive iceberg", which is hidden in the emotional poetic metaphors related to flowers in A Dream of Red Mansions so as to provide the readers with a wider range of reading horizons. Because human emotions are highly abstract, people tend to use metaphors to vividly express these abstract emotions. In A Dream of Red Mansions, the poet uses a lot of emotional poetic metaphors related to flowers to express the characters’ various inner emotions, including sadness (including loneliness, worrying, longing, hopelessness, helplessness, despair, etc.), happiness, and pride. These emotional poetic metaphors are mainly constructed by using the images of appearances, characteristics, periods, colors, fragrances, and growth environments of flowers. Through this analysis we can understand the metaphorical process, which projects from the flowers to human beings, is actually a process of conceptual blending. Through the mechanism of conceptual blending, the poet projects the flower onto human beings, using the flower to metaphorize human beings, making the abstract things more concrete while making the strange things more familiar, so as to facilitate comprehension and offer a deep impression. In addition, every poetic metaphor should be rooted in a certain cognitive model and culture model. In the process of conceptual blending of poetic metaphor, cognitive models and culture models play very important roles. The cognitive model provides certain possibilities for the formation of poetic metaphor, and the culture model is the key factor which allows these possibilities to become a reality.

This study aims to observe and determine the relationship of Islamic banking learning to saving interest in FKIP students at Muslim Nusantara University (UMN) Al Washliyah in Islamic banks. This research is a descriptive-quantitative study with 56 samples of UMN Al Washliyah Medan students. Based on the results of the study there is a significant relationship between product learning, Islamic bank services to interest in saving students in Islamic banks. The output of SPSS data shows that product variables, service variables and saving interest variables can be concluded that the value of F Change is 0.000 <0.05, so there is a significant correlation with the degree of moderate correlation relationship where the correlation coefficient is 0.524 located between 0.41 to 0, 60 on the Pearson correlation value.

At the center of the investigation of this study is the organizational complexity of the school The problem area concerns the (Italian) School with its articulations that presents a series of evidences and criticalities that deserve reflection. Instrumental functions (the middle manager), in Italian schools, represent temporary positions, which interpret and represent an organizational model anchored to the functioning of intermediate roles and support to the management strategies of the School system, but with little identity. The temporary nature of the assignment and its electoral nature also failed to guarantee the legitimacy of this role. The problems are very controversial with which we reason in the Italian context. It is not clear whether it is the middle management, that is, middle managers who collaborate with the head teacher in the exercise of predominantly organizational-managerial functions or, rather, if they represent figures expressed by the college of teachers because they are capable of interpreting the "vision" of the school, to gather the best professional energies. The results of the study seem to confirm that middle managers possess different characteristics of professional figures even if they are not officially known within the school's organizational structure.

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid is a rare high grade neoplasm with unfavourable prognosis, accounting for less than 5% of all thyroid malignancies. It is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rate due to aggressive nature of carcinoma. Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid is infrequently reported in the literature. Here we present a rare case of anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid in a 77 year old female who presented with large neck swelling.