Flours were prepared from seven cassava varieties (Agbablé3, Bonoua2, Bondoukou4, Boufouh3, Boufouh4, Soclopouopo3, Totoba2) evaluated for their physicochemical properties. The physicochemical parameters of the seven varieties show significant differences (p <0.05). The results showed that moisture content of flours ranged from 10.88±0.02 (Bonoua2) to 12.92±0.31% (Agbaglé3), starch from 28.71±0.34 (Socloppouopo3) to 44.06±0.56% (Totoba2) carbohydrates from 92.70 ±0.05% (Totoba2) to 94.72±0.27 (Bonoua2), organic matter from 85.3±0.27 (Totoba2) to 87.4±0.18% (Bondoukou4), and energy value from 347.56±0.03 (Agbable3) to 361.95±0.01 to kcal/100g (Bonoua2). Physicochemical parameters at low content are the protein ranging from 1.37±0.14 (Soclopouopo3 and Boufouh4) to 2.23±0.13% (Boufouh3), lipids from 0.77±0.03 (Bonoua2) to 1.29±0.11(Boufouh4), ash from 1.29±0.1(Agbablé3) to 2.62±0.01 (Soclopouopo3), fibers from 1.03±0.24 (Soclopouopo3) to 1.08±0.06% (Boufouh3 and 4) and total sugar from 1.30±0.04(Soclopouopo3)-3.35±0.05(Bonoua2). The most dominant minerals are potassium, calcium and phosphorus whose content are respectively 328±0.1 (Totoba2) to 1207 mg/100g (Bondoukou4), 82±0.01 (Boufouh4) to 338±0.26 mg/100g (Bonoua2) and from 20±0.05 (Totoba2) to 100±0.41 mg/100g (Bonoua2). From the data obtained it can be concluded that cassava varieties should not be abandoned because of poor cooking quality and high cyanogenic potential. These varieties could be used for other purposes such as starch production, glucose, adhesives, fuel alcohol, animal feed and other industrial Uses.

Introduction: ‘Viral Hepatitis’ denotes a primary infection of liver by heterogeneous group of Hepatitis virus. They are clinically indistinguishable, leading to morbidity and mortality. Mainly diagnosed by serological and molecular markers. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E viruses are transmitted by faeco-oral route and cause sporadic as well as outbreaks of acute viral hepatitis. Objectives: Prevalence of HAV and HEV in patients of acute viral hepatitis along with their co-existence and correlate it with seasonal trend. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted in our institute from January to December, 2018. 275 samples were tested for HAV and HEV infection of clinically suspected cases. Samples were analyzed for anti HEV IgM and anti HAV IgM antibody by ELISA method. Results: Out of 275 samples, 66 were positive for anti HAV IgM indicating prevalence rate of 24%, majority patients were in pediatric age group of 0-14 yrs. In case of HEV, 71 samples were positive with prevalence rate of 25.8%, majority patients were in age group 15-45 yrs. Infection rate was higher in males. Co infection rate was 1.09%. Seasonal trend shows maximum positive cases in summer and monsoon. Conclusion: HAV and HEV infection should be considered as an etiology of acute infectious viral hepatitis. It is suggested that health care facilities should make an effort to increase the awareness among general public for personal hygiene and cleanliness, thus reduce morbidity, mortality and economic burden.

It has been reported that there are effects of deep breathing and breath holding on the cardiovascular and blood pressure parameters. It is generally seen that BP tends to decrease during inhalation and increase during exhalation these changes may alter blood pressure measurements resulting in measured blood pressures being different. This study aims to find the effects of slow deep breathing practice on the blood pressure and Heart rate of young healthy adult male and female medical students. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, RVM Institute of Medical Sciences, Laxmakapally, Telangana. A total of n=50 subjects were selected randomly; the subjects were the medical students of RVM institute. Out of which (n=25) Group (M) males and (n=25) Group (F) were females. The baseline parameters of the subjects were recorded at the beginning of the study and the subjects were then trained for slow deep breathing @ 6 breaths per minute for a period of 3 months under the supervision of the investigator. Subjects are asked to take slow and maximal inspiration lasting for five seconds, followed by maximal expiration which also lasts for five seconds at a rate of 6 breaths per minute during each practice. A standard BP measurement was performed using a pneumatic cuff while listening to "Korotkoff sounds". All cardiovascular functional parameters were recorded before the trial, during breath-holding, and during recovery. Results: The values of SBP parameters in Group (M) Male before and after training were found to be significant. The DBP change in initial and final values in this group was not significant. The respiratory rates changes were also found to be significant in the Group (M). In the Group (F) no parameter was found to be changed significantly between the initial and final readings. The intergroup comparison of the parameters in the final readings shows a significant change in both SBP and DBP. Conclusion: it can be concluded that slow deep breathing for a period of 3 months decreases the blood pressure and heart rates and improves the autonomic functions. The effects are more marked in the male participants as compared to females of the same age group. The effect of slow deep breathing for long durations tends to improve the parasympathetic tone

Dengue fever is the most common Arboviral disease in India. Dengue is endemic in almost all states and leading cause of hospitalization in India. An overview on Dengue burden, prevalence, Geographical distribution and seasonal trends at a particular area is necessary for administration of appropriate preventive and control measures. The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence of dengue infection among the patients suffering from acute febrile illness at GGH Mahabubnagar. A total number of 3076 clinically suspected cases of dengue were included in the study. Serum samples from these patients were collected and were subjected either dengue IgM or NS1 ELISA based on the duration of fever. Out of 3076 cases 206 were positive for dengue serology, out of them 112 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 94 were positive by IgM ELISA. In the present study commonly effected age group is 0-20yrs and showing male preponderance. Dengue infection is common in post monsoon season from September to November months. These epidemiological details in the particular region will help in proper planning of resources in disease prevention and control.

Objective: This retrograde study was designed to compare between POCT glucometer and Laboratory reference method for glucose measurement in neonates especially in Neonatal Jaundice. The main objective of the study was to find the acceptability of POCT Glucometer against laboratory reference method. Material and Methods: 200 samples data were collected from the laboratory of neonatal jaundice. The samples neonatal jaundice with total Bilirubin >2mg/dL was considered for analysis., Glucose dehydrogenase method(Glucometer) and GOD-POD method (Reference Laboratory method) was used to measure glucose measurement in samples that were obtained. Results: Glucometer accuracy was evaluated using linear regression, Passing-Bablock regression, Bland-Altman analysis. There was no significant difference. Clarke Error Grid analysis, >98% results were in zone A. The Mean bias of Glucometer was 1.9%; with P <0.05. Conclusion: POCT Glucometer (Glucose dehydrogenase method) measurement performance was acceptable in hypoglycemic range especially in Neonatal Jaundice.

This is a prospective laboratory-based study, conducted at Rahma medical centre, Khartoum, during the period from March to July 2018. The study aims to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin as prognostic markers for epithelial- mesenchymal transition and tumour aggressiveness in breast cancer. Fifty six paraffin blocks are collected from archive for women previously diagnosed as breast cancer. Tissue microarrays are prepared, and then stained by immunohistochemistry method. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS program version 22.0. The age of patients ranged between 30 to 80 years with a mean of 51.1. The histopathological diagnosis reveals that the invasive ductal carcinoma is 71.4%, while medullary carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma are 25% and 3.6% respectively. The result of histological grade shows, grade I is 10.7%, grade II is 35.7% and 53.6% for grade III. The study shows E-cadherin expression is negative in 12.5%, weakly expressed in 32.1%, moderately expressed in 48.2% and strongly expressed in 7.1%. The study reveals a significant correlation between E- cadherin expression with ages and histological grades (p.value= 0.028 – 0.027) respectively. Vimentin expression is negative in 1.8%, weakly expressed in 51.8%, moderately expressed in 46.4%. This results show a significant correlation between Vimentin expression with ages and histological types (p.value= 0.016 – 0.004) respectively. The study reveals an inverse correlation between E-cadherin and Vimentin (r = -0.389) with a significant correlation (p.value= 0.002). The study concludes that, decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of Vimentin are associated with epithelial- mesenchymal transition and breast carcinoma aggressiveness.

Background: Dermatoglyphics is referred to as study of the friction ridge formation that appears on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There have been works done by different researchers on dermatoglyphics in the field of medicine which has helped in the detection of diseases like breast cancer, anemia. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the Palmar Ridge Counts of the Igbos’ and Okirikas’ in Southern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was non-experimental and analytical. Two hundred subjects selected by simple random sampling. One-way Anova was done using SPSS twenty version. Results and Discussion: The Igbo males with AB ridge count 38.3±4.9156 on the left hand while 37.3± 5.5698 for Okrika males. The Igbo males had BC ridge count 27.4± 5.3560 on the left hand while Okrika males had BC ridge count of 25.0±6.0527. The Igbo males had CD ridge count of 36.0 ±9.1109 on the right hand while Okrika males had CD ridge count of 33.5± 7.3289. Test of significance showed significant difference between the Right CD, Left AB and Left BC Ridge count of Igbo and Okrika subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study has shown the palmar ridge counts of the Igbos and Okrikas. It also showed traces of sexual dimorphism in both populations and explicitly revealed that both populations have nothing to show common ancestry, the similarity seen may have occurred by chance which further implies that both populations could be regarded distinct and unrelated entities

The Micronuclei frequency in tobacco chewers seem to increase steadily as the genotoxic damage increases and progresses from premalignant to malignant oral lesions. This can be easily evaluated in exfoliated oral epithelial cells and helps in assessing the severity. This study was taken up with the objective to assess the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in buccal smear of tobacco chewers with healthy mucosa, premalignant and malignant oral lesions and compare all these cases with that of healthy individuals. The study subjects were divided into four groups each consisting of 20 individuals. The groups were cases with healthy oral mucosa, second group with premalignant oral lesions, third with malignant oral lesions in tobacco chewers and last group with normal controls. The exfoliative cytological smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain. The micronuclei frequency was identified using Tolbert’s criteria. The micronuclei were found to increase in frequency in cases as compared with controls. There was a significant increase from apparently healthy tobacco chewers to premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Hence, micronuclei can be used as a screening tool in tobacco chewers to assess the potentiality of carcinoma and thus a useful diagnostic as well as prognostic indicator.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. It involves 10 to 20% patients in causality. The aim of the study is to predict the credibility of clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in acute appendicitis with normal leukocyte counts. Material & Methods: This study was carried in our tertiary care hospital over a period of one year by retrieving the data from hospital records to access the diagnostic factors in acute appendicitis with normal leukocyte counts. Results: The median age was 16 years. 228 were males and 149 females. Alvarado scores ranged from 5 to 10, with a median score of 8. Temperature at time of presentation ranged from 36.8°C to 38.33 °C. The duration of symptoms was less than 24 hours in 134 patients and more than 24 hours in 243 patients. Total WBC count was found to be normal in 55 patients (14.58%) as compared to elevated total WBC counts found in 322 patients (85.41%). Polymorph nuclear leucocytes were more than 75% in 52 of the Group B patients (94.54 %). The same was found in 306 (95.03 %) patients of Group A

The study examined the impact of the external sector aggregates on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1980- 2016. The external sector aggregates used were external debt, exchange rate and export. A combination of correlation analysis and Error correction mechanism was employed in this study. Pre-estimation tests showed no evidence of multicollinearity and all the variables were integrated of order one, I (1). Johansens cointegration test showed four cointegrating equations indicating the existence a long-run relationship which provides a reason for error correction modeling. The error correction results showed that EXR had a negative and significant impact on economic growth while external debt (EXD) and export (EPP) had positive and significant impact on GDP, respectively. The ECM term had the hypothesized negative sign and was statistically significant at 5% level. Economic growth adjusts to long-run at the speed of 29.98% per annum. There was no serial correlation problem. Results are therefore appropriatre for policy analysis. The study concluded that external sector aggregates have significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria but the impact could be positive or negative depending on the variable of interest. Among other things the study recommended that there should be promotion of the country’s export trade and stimulation of domestic production.

The primary function of a temporary filling material is to prevent the contamination of the root canal system by fluids, organic debris, and bacteria from the oral cavity in multiple-appointment root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of a new temporary filling material Orafil LC compared with Cavit G and IRM using a dye penetration test. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared in 24 human premolars. The teeth were divided into three groups (n = 8 for each group). Samples are de-coronated at the level of CEJ, 4mm of obturated material was removed from the coronal portion and were sealed with one of the three temporary restorative material. Samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 3 days. The teeth were then rinsed, dried, sectioned in bucco‑lingual direction and evaluated under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analysed. The dye penetration was observed in all experimental groups. The lowest mean leakage was in Cavit G followed by (in ascending order of dye penetration) IRM, Orafil LC. Dye penetration was observed in all the samples. Cavit G exhibited minimal dye penetration when compared to IRM and Orafil LC. Within the limitation of the present study Cavit G is considered to be a promising option for the provisional restoration of endodontically treated teeth

Introduction: Carcinoma cervix is the most common preventable cancer in women. Every year 122,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer in India, and 67,477 cases die from the disease. Secondary prevention includes screening for precancerous lesions and treating them. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has become the standard screening test for cervical cancer and premalignant lesions globally. Material and method: In our prospective study, the results of Pap smears obtained from 680 women were analyzed, which had been examined in between March 2013 and October 2018. The pregnancy, known and treated case of cancer cervix, woman who used local douche or antiseptic cream and woman with history of Pap smear testing was excluded from the study. The patient was placed in lithotomy position. A Cusco's bivalve speculum was introduced through the vagina. The cervix was visualized. The longer projection of the Ayre's spatula was placed in the cervix near squamocolumnar junction and rotated through 360°. An average of two smears was collected for each case. The examination results were reported according to the Bethesda III Classification System (2001). Result: Cytological examination was done in all the 680 women, 100 (14.7%) smears were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), 428 (62.9%) were reported as inflammatory smear, 8 (1.1%) were reported as Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 8 (1.1%) were reported as High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), atypical finding in 68 (10%) bacterial vaginosis in 32(4.7%) and candidiasis in 8(1.1%). Conclusion: Pap smear testing is very safe, easy to perform, non-invasive and effective test for detecting premalignant lesions of carcinoma cervix. Thus, it helps to decrease morbidity and mortality from carcinoma cervix by treating it at early stage.

This article presents an analysis using a literature review of 50 published articles on the determinants of success in Business Management. To increase their productivity, companies need to know and implement the determining factors in business management. The present study resulted in the following factors: social responsibility, innovation and knowledge management

The purpose of this study was to find out and test whether wages affect regional investment, whether inflation affects regional investment, whether exchange rates affect regional investment, and which between wages, inflation, and exchange rates are very dominant influence on regional investment. This study uses a quantitative approach, while the object of research is all labor in Malang. And researchers took data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in the city of Malang which numbered 1,273,579 workers. The results of data analysis using multiple linear regressions with the help of SPSS version 20.0 and the discussion that has been done, all variables affect regional investment.

Introduction: Always chronic kidney disease has been bound to diabetes mellitus, especially type2. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP, IL6, cystatin C and TNF-alpha) are usually play role in the development and increase risk of type 2 diabetes T2DM, as well as chronic kidney disease, so this study aimed to evaluate renal function tests and inflammatory biomarkers among T2DM and compare evaluated parameters with data of healthy individuals. Methods: Two hundred (200) subjects were enrolled in this study, 100 of them were patients with T2DM set as case group, , age ranged 33 and 55 years, and the other 100 were healthy individuals were set as control group. Blood samples were collected from both groups in order to assess renal function tests urea, creatinine by means of spectrophotometer based method, while Sodium and Potassium by easylyte device instrument and inflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL6, cystatin C and TNF-alpha by ELISA technique. Results: Inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, CRP, Cystatin C and TNF-alpha) levels in diabetic subjects were significantly higher than control group. We also found that serum creatinine and urea were higher in type 2 diabetes patients than normal subjects (p=0.001). Pearson’s correlation of serum creatinine and urea with inflammatory biomarkers brought different positive correlation with all parameters. Conclusion: Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, CRP, Cystatin C and TNF-alpha) are positively associated with renal function tests serum creatinine and urea and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.