Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive diminution in renal function especially in normal excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney. Kidney function is assessed in clinical practice to screen for kidney diseases. It is of prime importance to evaluate kidney function as accurately as possible due to different clinical presentations during the cource of the disease which are often asymptomatic. Evaluation of biochemical markers like serum BUN, creatinine, BUN:Cr ratio and ALP could play an important role in accurate diagnosis and in assessing risk of renal failure that could assists in adopting therapeutic strategies to minimize the mortality rates associated with renal failure. Keeping in view, one hundred patients with varying degree of renal disease categorized as mild, moderate and End stage renal disease (ESRD) were enrolled in the present study. Serum levels of BUN, creatinine, uric acid and ALP were measured and analysed statistically by SPSS software. Males had higher levels of BUN, Creatinine, uric acid compared to females. Serum levels of these markers were found to increase significantly (P<0.05) from mild to moderate CKD to ESRD patients. Thus, indicating role of BUN:Cr ratio as efficient prognostic marker in diagnosis of renal failure. Also pre-dialysis and post-dialysis evaluation of these markers done in ESRD patients resulted in significant decrease in these markers following dialysis. Hence, confirming dialysis as an efficient renal replacement therapy in patients with ESRD

Benign breast diseases are common in young females in the second and third decade of life. Most common presentation is painless lump in the breast. Clinical and cytological correlation is essential for definitive diagnosis and early treatment of the lesions. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a popular technique utilized in the diagnosis of palpable masses anywhere in the body, it is sensitive and specific, expedient, economical and safe and less time consuming without much discomfort to the patient. The aim of this study is to analyze and correlate the diagnosis of breast lesions on cytology with histopathology. This is a retrospective cum prospective study which includes 468 cases of palpable breast masses. The chief complaint was lump in the breast, pain in the breast and/or discharge from the nipple. Patients’ ultrasound findings were noted. FNAC was performed by using 23 gauge needle attached to 5 ml or 10ml disposable syringe. For histopathological examination tissue was grossed and representative areas were taken and processed for slide preparation and staining. Slides were examined under light microscope and the findings were correlated with FNAC findings. The study included 468 breast masses / cases, which were diagnosed on cytology. Most of the cases in this study were in the age group 20- 29 years (157 cases). The size of the lesion varied from 1.0 cm to 7.6 cm in the largest plane, number of swellings in a single breast varied from one to eight. Largest numbers of multiple fibroadenomas (both breast) were 16 of varying sizes. Most of the lesions were noted in the left breast than right breast. The accuracy of the FNAC is 97.88 % in this study.

Over the past few years, the Persian and English translations of Quran have been studied from different standpoints throughout the centuries, Muslim and non-Muslim translators have been very concerned to convey the meaning of the Quran into languages other than Arabic. The holy Quran is a divine book and its translation into other languages must be done meticulously. In this regard, Persian and English translation of one of the surahs of this magnificent book was selected to be compared. The present study has gone through the investigation of the Persian translation of one of the surahs of this holy book “Yasin” by Dr. Elahi Ghomshei (1361) and its English translation by three famous translators Yusuf Ali (2000), Pickthall (1930) and Sarwar (2011) to see discrepancies. Also, this study tries to find out the unit of translation and classify different kinds of Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedures used by the English translators.

All dental procedures carry the potential for adverse events. Dealing with the sequelae of the complications and errors that arise in the course of normal practice is therefore part and parcel of a dentist’s working life. The challenges and stresses that this creates are now well recognized, although dental training has, until recently, done little to help dentists prepare for such events, and ongoing professional and personal support is limited

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, accounting for 56% of all female tumors. it is one of the leading causes of death in female. Metaplastic carcinoma is another rare carcinoma, with incidence accounting for 3-6 % of breast carcinoma. Early treatment management has better prognosis. Aim: To detect the importance of immunohistochemistry studies in detecting breast carcinoma. Material and Methods: Among 75 total mastectomy specimens received in Sree Balaji Medical College in department of Pathology 57 cases reported as ductal carcinoma insitu, Metaplastic carcinoma 5 cases, Papillary carcinoma 10 cases and Neuroendocrine carcinoma 3 cases. Among 5 Metaplastic carcinoma cases, Immmunohistochemistry staining was done with tumor marker CD68 and CK to find the expression of the markers in tumor cell and to find rare variants in the carcinoma. Results: Out of 5 cases of metaplastic carcinoma of breast, 3 cases were positive for CD68 and CK. CD68 and CK has a sensitivity of 86% and specificity80% in detecting variants in breast carcinoma. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis should be done in breast carcinoma in large number of cases to know the onset of this rare variant and early treatment management gives better prognosis.

No matter what type of surgery you choose, you can rest assured that you are in the hands of the most experienced and skilled doctors because laparoscopic or robotics both are operated by a surgeon only. Most patients and physicians would agree that minimally invasive surgery is preferred over traditional open surgery techniques. However, sometimes patients have the choice between two minimally invasive surgery techniques: robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Most surgeons and patients would agree: minimally-invasive surgery is preferable to open surgery. There’s often less post-operative pain, hospital stays are shorter and recovery is easier. Only you and your doctor can decide which is best in your case. But we need to be through on to learn the basics and what to expect with both methods. This review explains about connection in laparoscopic and robotic surgery

DNA fingerprinting as emerged to be an excellent valuable tool in the field of forensics, unique identification of person and paternity disputes and issues. Genetics are the base criteria of identification. Microbiology runs hand to hand in evaluating these scenarios by the microflora detected. This review explains about the basics, methods, sequencing and role of microbiologists and their perspective in DNA fingerprinting

This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted with the objective of determining the knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus among the general population in a metropolitan city in order to plan intervention programmes for early case detection. The respondents were apparently healthy individuals aged 18+ years, of either gender, who were residents of Thane city, Maharashtra, India. The prospective respondents were explained about the study and informed consent was obtained before they were interviewed using a pre-tested, formatted and validated questionnaire containing 20 questions (2 marks per question). A total of 255 persons (males=106; 41.57%; females=149; 58.43%) participated in the study. The gender difference in age of participants was not significant (Z=0.503; p=0.614). Significant gender differences were observed among separated and divorced respondents (Z=2.459; p=0.014); graduates (Z=2.421; p=0.015); retired persons (Z=3.896; p<0.0001) and those employed in the private sector (Z=3.308; p<0.0001). Female respondents obtained significantly higher scores in four out of 20 questions, while the gender differences were not significant for scores in the remaining 16 questions. The findings reveal moderate level of diabetes awareness. Large-scale awareness programmes would be necessary after identifying knowledge gaps

The labial mucosa is an unusual site for basal cell carcinoma. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of basal cell carcinoma wich involved the vermilion of the lower lip. A 77-year-old man presented with an ulcer taking half of his lower lip and extending to the skin evolving for two years. There were no cervical lymph nodes. Diagnosis of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma was made by histological study which showed a tumoral proliferation starting from epidermal basal layers infiltrating the hypodermis with perineural infiltration. The pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma of the vermilion lip is not clear. While basal cell carcinoma originates from pilar structures, the lack of pilosebaceous follicles in the normal lip mucosa has led to several hypotheses to explain the pathogenesis of mucosal basal cell carcinoma. Our case shows a very rare location of basal cell carcinoma. The ulcer that originally started in the vermilon, has extended and reached the mucosa and the skin areas. Therefore, basal cell carcinoma should be considered among the differential diagnosis of ulcerative lesions of the lip

A research was conducted to determine the anti-microbial susceptibility of some Escherichia coli isolates against common anti-microbial agents and Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) indices. The Escherichia coli isolates (n=51) obtained from cattle faeces and manure in abattoirs, cattle farms and livestock markets of Bauchi, Darazo and Katagum local governments of Bauchi state, Nigeria were screened for anti-microbial susceptibility against 12 common anti-microbial agents. The susceptibility test was carried on all the 51 isolates to determine their antibiotic resistant profiles using the disc diffusion method developed by Kirby – Bauer and standardized by the World Health organization (WHO), commercially available antimicrobial disks impregnated with the different antibiotics were then tested. The results revealed highest resistances of the isolates to Cephazolin (86.2%), followed by Sulfamethoxazole (82.4%) and Enrofloxacin (78.4%). The research also revealed that the highest level of susceptibility of the isolates to the antimicrobial agents was found against chloramphenicol (78.4%), followed by gentamycin and Imipenem with (68.6%) and Ceftriaxone (58.8%) respectively, the results further indicated 50(98%) of the isolates resistance to 3 or more of the antibiotics. All isolates showed Multi-drug resistance pattern (MDR), some among the isolates showed resistance against up to 8 antimicrobial agents belonging to 7 different groups of the antimicrobial agents. The MDR indices of E. coli strains indicated resistance against the antimicrobial agents at various levels of antibiotic groups

Children involved in criminal acts, the first thing that should not be forgotten is to see their position as children with all their particular characteristics and characteristics. Thus, their orientation is based on the concept of child protection in their handling process so that this will rest on the concept of prosperity children and children's interests. Providing protection and a sense of justice given that children must get protection, then in violations committed by the child still and must be considered and considered the background and causes of violations committed by the child so that the child will not lose hope to look at the future. Legal problems seem to be one of the phenomena that have never subsided in the life of society, nation, and state. As the phenomenon of legal problems increases, legal studies are also increasing, which aim to explore various problems from the perspective of existing law and legislation. Penal punishment is not merely revenge but an aim to influence human behavior by legal rules. Child protection is all efforts made to create conditions so that each child can exercise his rights and obligations for the development and growth of children in a reasonable manner both physically, mentally and socially. Child protection is an embodiment of the existence of justice in a society. Thus, protection of children is cultivated in various fields of life and state of society.

Introduction: Fallopian tube patency, morphology of the uterus and cervix can be assessed by Hysterosalpingogram. Hysterosalpingography is still a commonly used investigation in the evaluation of female infertility. Objectives: The objectives of the study is to evaluate the structural abnormalities of the uterus and fallopian tubes in infertile women. Methods: A retrospective review of 110 patient in whom hysterosalpingography was performed for infertility between Aug 2017 to July 2018 in the Department of Radiology. Clinical notes and radiological finding were analyzed for demographic data, uterine, tubal and pelvic pathology. Results: The commonest age group seen was 20-25 years. Primary infertility was commoner than secondary infertility. On hysterosalpingography 8 patients had congenital uterine anomalies. In 3 cases there is filling defect due to fibroid. Related to tubal findings among 110 patients 71 had normal fallopian tube with bilateral spillage. Conclusion: Tubal and uterine pathologies play major role in female infertility. HSG is important tool in detecting birth canal pathologies

Introduction: Since the introduction of H2 blockers and PPIs they have become one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications in the world. These drugs are often misused and overused, which may have significant implications in the elderly. Aim: To study prevalence of irrational use of H2 blockers and PPIs in geriatric population. Methods: A retrospective study over six months period was conducted from February 2017 to Auguest2017 at a tertiary care hospital. The clinical data of total 137 patients admitted for one or more concurrent disease are included in the study. Results: In this study out of 137 patients, 102(74.4%) cases were on H2 receptors antagonist and 34(24.8%) were on PPIs which were irrationally prescribed. Mean age of the patients was 68.9 ±11.9 years. Out of 137 patients 103(75.1%) were male and 34(24.4%) female. Concurrent drugs prescribed were Antiplalets 19(13.8%) cases, CCBs 12(10.4%), ferrous sulphate13 (8.7%), steroids 10(7.2%), Digoxin 4(2.9%), Warfarin 2(1.4%), phenytoin 2 (2.9%). Conclusion: Irrational use of H2 receptor antagonists and PPIs in elderly increased with advanced age, increase in number of medications, multiple diagnoses and increased length of hospitalization. Effects and interactions were commonly encountered in many cases. Acid suppression drugs are initiated or continued for prolonged periods of time, without sufficient evaluation of the need for therapy. Proper Guidelines for physicians and counseling for the patients is required in order to reduce overuse and to prevent long term adverse effects of the drugs

The duodenal diverticulum is a hernia of the duodenal wall. Its frequency varies from 2 to 20%. The symptomatic forms are rare but particularly serious because often revealed by a complication. The discovery is most often fortuitously on the occasion of a Cholangio Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography. The purpose of our work is to study the clinical endoscopic and therapeutic epidemiological aspects of duodenal diverticula. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the department of diseases of the digestive system "Medicine C" at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat. We collected all patients with duodenal diverticulum over a 12-year period (November 2005 to June 2016). Patient data were exploited from the Cholangio Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography (ERCP) registers. Results: Between November 2005 and June 2016, 664 ERCP were performed, 41 duodenal diverticula were observed; that is 6.2%. The average age of our patients was 68.6 years with extremes ranging from 38 to 85 years; 58.5% of the subjects were over 70 years of age with a clear predominance of women (34 women, 7 men) and one sex ratio F / H = 5. Clinical symptomatology was caused by cholestatic jaundice, cholangitis, acute pancreatitis. A liver test predominantly exhibited cytolysis associated with cholestasis. All our patients benefited from a radiological assessment including abdominal ultrasonography, CT, bili-MRI, echoendoscopy and Kehr drain cholongiography; the diagnosis of a lithiasis of the bile duct was raised in 80% of cases. ERCP performed in all our patients has a fortuitous discovery of duodenal diverticula. The characteristics of these diverticula were revealed by ERCP: a single diverticulum was observed in most cases (36 patients or 88%), two diverticula in 4 patients (10%) and three diverticula in one patient (2%). All the diverticula were juxta-papillary (at the level of D2). The papilla was paradivecticular in the majority of cases (30 patients, 73%), intradiverticular in 7 patients (17%) and interdiverticular in 4 patients (10%). The presence of duodenal diverticula had an impact on the feasibility of ERCP: catheterization of the papilla was difficult in 6 patients (14%) but managed in 8 patients (19%), 5 patients had paradiverticular papillary, 2 interdiverticular and one intradiverticular. Endoscopic treatment of bilio-pancreatic pathology associated with duodenal diverticula was performed in 23 patients: 16 patients underwent computed extraction of the hand bile duct. Seven patients were referred to surgery. Conclusion: The duodenal diverticulum is the second most common site of digestive diverticula after the colon. The absence of specific signs makes the positive diagnosis difficult.

This study to analyze the influence of job satisfaction and indirect compensation to turnover intention of employees. The independent variable in this study is the Job Satisfaction (X1) and Indirect Compensation (X2) with the dependent variable is Turnover Intention (Y). Data collection techniques in this study are use proportionate sampling. Distributing questionnaires to all of employees PT Sinar Mitra Sepadan Finance on cover area South Sumatera I. Data analysis techniques used in this study is a multiple linear regression, F- test, t- test. The results of a test of R square determination (R2) of the job satisfaction and indirect compensation would explain the variable performance of employees amounted to 30,5% whereas 69,5% is explained by other variables. Test results from t to each variable, obtained results significant influential job satisfaction against variable turnover intention of PT Sinar Mitra Sepadan Finance and significant influential indirect compensation against variable turnover intention of PT Sinar Mitra Sepadan Finance. Test results from the F showed simultaneously job satisfaction and indirect compensation significantly to variable turnover intention of PT Sinar Mitra Sepadan Finance. Job satisfaction was the dominant influence variables to variable turnover intention of PT Sinar Mitra Sepadan Finance with -0.375 of the β value