Bureaucratic reform and institutional transformation of the Ministry of Finance continues to date which necessitates a fundamental change in civil service performance paradigm. One of them is towards professionalism in order to realize a reliable and trusted organization in society. In order to achieve the result, it is necessary to have the ability and expertise or competence in managing each job. The present study aims to analyze how the influence of competence, education and training either partially and simultaneously on employee performance. The type of research undertaken was a correlational study at the state Assets and auction services office, Medan. The primary data source used questionnaire instrument with respondent as much as 85 people. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis aimed to prove the influence of independent variables (X) on the dependent variable (Y). The result of this research shows that competence and education and training either partially or simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Thus through the leadership of the organization, it is recommended that employees actively and continuously improve the competence of each employee. Then provide an equal and comprehensive opportunity for every employee to follow education and training in order to create or acquire new types of competence. The goal is that the work of each organization line allows for easy, fast and quality work

Overall performance in written English in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination has been fluctuating below 50% between 1998 to 2012. Empirical evidence shows that mastery learning (ML) pedagogy is more effective than traditional pedagogy (TP) in instruction. Thus the effect of ML pedagogy on achievement in writing in English, in Nyandarua County was examined. This was achieved by comparing the effects of ML pedagogy on achievement to those of TP. The target population was all the Form One students in the location. Form ones were chosen to exercise control on the TP of their secondary schools to which they were not habituated, being new in the secondary level of education. The target population was a total of 5,779 students consisting of 2,702 girls and 3,077 boys. The stratified sampling technique was used, to ensure that all subgroups of the population were represented. In this way, a sample of 989 subjects was drawn, including 430 girls and 559 boys. This study used quasi – experimental research employing Solomon Three – Group Design. A Composition Achievement Test (COMPAT) and a ML pedagogy module for teachers were used for data collection. These instruments were developed by the researcher. Pilot testing with respect to the COMPAT was done for reliability of the instrument. Pilot testing yielded .9 Cronbach`s alpha with respect to reliability. Content and construct validity were ensured through systematic construction of the research instruments. Validity of the instruments was further established by five Egerton University test experts. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 for Windows. One way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc test and the t-test were the inferential statistics that were used. All levels of significance were fixed at = .05 level. The bases on which comparison was made included undifferentiated wholesale grouping. The null hypothesis was not accepted. The students taught English composition through ML pedagogy had a COMPAT achievement that was statistically significantly higher than that of the students taught through TP throughout the investigation. This study has findings that indicate possible benefits for secondary school teachers of English and their students, the research community, curriculum development institutes and university departments of English language education. The main recommendation put forth was that ML pedagogy should be used in the teaching of English language composition writing in Kenya

The word “cosmetics” actually stems from its use in Ancient Rome. They were typically produced by female slaves known as “cosmetae,” which is where the word “cosmetics” stemmed from. Cosmetics are used to enhance appearance. Makeup has been around for many centuries. The first known people who used cosmetics to enhance their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was just simple eye coloring or some material for the body. Now-a-days makeup plays an important role for both men and women. In evolutionary psychology, social competition of appearance strengthens women’s desires for ideal beauty. According to “The Origin of Species”, humans have evolved to transfer genes to future generations through sexual selection that regards the body condition of ideal beauty as excellent fertility. Additionally, since women’s beauty has recently been considered a competitive advantage to create social power, a body that meets the social standards of a culture could achieve limited social resources. That's right, even men have become more beauty conscious and are concerned about their looks. Cosmetics can be produced in the organic and hypoallergenic form to meet the demands of users. Makeup is used as a beauty aid to help build up the self-esteem and confidence of an individual. The importance of cosmetics has increased as many people want to stay young and attractive. Cosmetics are readily available today in the form of creams, lipstick, perfumes, eye shadows, nail polishes, hair sprays etc. Other cosmetics like face powder give glow to the skin after applying the base cream. Then we have lipsticks, which are applied by many women of all ages. They are made from wax and cocoa butter in the desired amount. Cosmetics like creams, gels, and colognes are used on a daily basis by both women and men. Creams act as a cleanser for the face in many circumstances. More recently anti-ageing creams have been manufactured which can retain younger looking skin for many years. The best cleansing agents are cleansing cream, soap and water. Cosmetic creams serve as a skin food for hard, dry and chapped skin. It mainly lubricates, softens and removes unwanted dirt from the skin. Some popular fat creams that are used include Vaseline and Lanolin. ...

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble micronutrient required for multiple biological functions. Ascorbic acid has been found to have a long history of use in traditional systems with antioxidant effects that can control the generation of free radicals. Free radical level was reported to be high in cancer cells. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of ascorbic acid (40mg/kg/BW/day for 12 weeks) on hematological and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in adult male rabbits. The effects of ascorbic acid on total erythrocyte counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte counts (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), plasma glutathione-S-transferease (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiobarbituric acidreactive substances (TBARS) at end of 12-week of treatment. Treatment with Ascorbic acid caused significant (P<0.05) increase in RBC and WBC, while did not cause any changes in Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, the activity of GSH and AChE compared to control. (TBARS) was significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with control group. The study concludes that adding a Vitamin C source with a meal can improve anemia situation and reduce free radicals in adult male rabbits over an extended period of time

The numbers of female that suffer from thyroid diseases are vast. But the question of the hour is whether there are any arterial variations in the female population of the costal population. The Thyroid gland is richly supplied by the blood vessels. In fact according to some studies its blood supply can be compared to that of the kidneys. Knowledge of the arterial variations is the key for the success of surgeries when it matters the most. This study puts in an effort to find the Arterial variations of thyroid gland in females so as to find if there are deviations from the normal population and also provides us with a useful data for the operating surgeons. The clinical implications of the study are vast

Diabetic foot and their complications are considered to be a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics in diabetic foot patients along with glycosylated hemoglobin levels and diabetes duration. We performed a retrospective study from June 2016 to March 2017 on a sample composed of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot. Age of patients, duration of diabetes, HbA1c- level and diabetic foot complications data were collected from patient’s medical reports and hospital records. Most of the diabetic foot patients (DFPs) were affected with more than one comorbid complications such as hypertension (76.35%), peripheral neuropathy (57.7%), hyperlipidemia (43.9%), peripheral vascular disease (23.1%), coronary artery disease (19.2%), diabetic nephropathy (19.2%) and diabetic retinopathy (15.4%). It was also seen that all the DFPs had uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (>7.5%) and 73.1% had diabetes >10 years old. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and hyperlipidemia were found in higher percentage as compare to other complications in DFPs.

The 21st century civil society aspires to have a resilient alliance with the law enforcement agencies in general and the police in particular. Endeavours of the police to reach out to the people can guarantee security and enhance the concern of the people in policing the society at large. However, the relationship between the police and the people continue to remain strained and distant. The police commissionerates of the capital cities of Bhubaneswar and Guwahati (both in eastern India) have undertaken community policing initiatives to build the trust of the people in law enforcement. A strong bond between the police and the public can ensure the success of the community policing programmes in achieving the desired aim. However, the real ordeal about awareness and participation of the people in the collaborative efforts of the police is less than satisfactory. The present empirical study compares the perception of the people about the nature of police-public relationship in these two cities of Eastern India.

Background: Candida infection today is highly prevalent, especially the increase in carriers of removable dentures and poor oral hygiene society. Aim: To evaluate the role of fluconazole and clotrimazole in treating oral candidiasis patients. Methods: Two hundred subjects suffering from oral candidiasis formed the study population. Microbiological culture confirmed the diagnosis of oral candidiasis. Study subjects were divided into Group A - subjects who were under treatment with fluconazole therapy, Group B - subjects who were on clotrimazole therapy. Follow up of the study subjects was done after 2 weeks of continuation of the treatment. Results: Among group A subjects, before starting the treatment, 164 (82%) of the them had moderate severity of clinical symptoms, whereas in group B, 148 (74%) of the subjects had moderate severity of symptoms. After the treatment, most 190 (95%) of the them were devoid of any symptom in group A, whereas such proportion was 172 (86%) in group B. In group A subjects, before and after the treatment, the colony count was 1376.4 and 10.8, respectively, whereas in the group II patients, the mean colony count was 854.1 and 23.3, respectively. Conclusion: Both fluconazole and clotrimazole were approximately equally effective while treating subjects having oral candidiasis.

Background: Presently snakebite has become a serious health problem in India.The actual incidence of mortality and morbidity related to the snakebite are not reported properly. Furthermore, the most neglected part is the long term endocrine dysfunction in survivors of russel viper envenomation. Materials and methods: Forty five survivors of russels viper bite patients were selected for the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Admitted patients were treated accordingly and discharged in stable condition. The hormonal status were analysed and they have been followed up after 3 and 6 months. Results: Significant decrease in serum cortisol and prolactin were observed in survivors of russels viper bite patients particularly in those patients whose mean serum creatinine was more than 1.2 mg/dl and systolic blood pressure is more than 110 mm of Hg and diastolic Blood pressure is more than 70 mm of Hg. Conclusion: Measurement of long term hormonal status like serum cortisol and prolactin can be beneficial in survivors of russel viper bite patients.

Purpose: Uncontrolled clinical trial aims to evaluate clinical and radiographic healing after repairing mechanical furcal perforations that occurring during pulpotomy in primary molars by using MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate). Materials and Methods: 34 primary molars in 32 healthy children aged 5-10 years old were treated after occurring of mechanical furcal perforations during pulpotomy by using MTA. Mediate and immediate treatment had been performed after clinical and/or radiographic diagnosis of the perforation, and then teeth had been followed clinically at 1st week 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th month and radiographically at 6th and 12th month after perforation repair. Statistical analyses were done at p-value = 0.05 and confidence interval CI 95%. Results: All teeth were successful at the first week. Overall success rate recorded 79.3%, and CI of success was 65% to 93%, 5 teeth had been extracted because of totally failure. There was no significant statistically difference between totally success rates according to gender, tooth position, tooth type, previous sub-base of ZOE, pre-used of Formocresol (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Iatrogenic furcal perforated primary molars can be treated by using MTA successfully. Mediate treatment and pre used of FC may have unfavorable prognosis of repairing perforations.

Discussions on the phenomenon of international migration seem to be the base for the diaspora researches. However, should these intertwined social processes, in terms of theoretical researches, be fed from a much broader conceptual framework? Can a phenomenon of diaspora, arising as a result of international migration, be studied without the concept of related terms such as globalization, migration, ghettoization, minorities, identity, nationalism and transnational social spaces? This study focuses to answer these questions and points out the necessity of including the other concepts in a broader context for a better understanding of the relationship between international migration and diaspora. These concepts and conceptual discussions that become more and more important in the literature, makes to interpret the relationship between international migration and diaspora in the light of current developments.

Background: Individuals should spend at least 2 minutes brushing their teeth with an effective technique at least twice a day, However, most estimates of actual brushing time vary between just over 30 seconds to 60 seconds. Aim: To study the relationship between time of manual tooth-brushing and plaque removal. Methods: Turesky index was used in this study group to assess the plaques. Brushing times were assigned over a 3 week period and brushing times assigned were 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 seconds. Dental plaque before and after brushing were evaluated and recorded. Results: Changes in Turesky index score for 30 seconds brushing from pre brushing to post brushing were 3.276 ± 0.064 to 2.628 ± 0.175. For 45 seconds brushing time, pre brushing and post brushing scores were 3.262 ± 0.036 and 2.648 ± 0.151. Turesky index score for 60 seconds changed from 3.287 ± 0.065 to 2.562 ± 0.114. for 3 minutes brushing, pre brushing and post brushing scores were 3.064 ± 0.071 and 2.657 ± 0.143. Conclusion: Oral health education towards educating the patients about the duration of brushing time required for plaque removal.

The transesterification process using heterogeneous catalysts has been widely studied to replace the role of homogeneous catalysts. ZnO doping into metal oxides can increase activity of heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification reaction. This study was conducted to provide information on the effect of ZnO concentration doped into calcium oxide (CaO) to the transesterification reaction of avocado seed oil with high free fatty acid (ALB) to methyl ester, at 65 0C, methanol ratio: oil = 10: 1 , for 1.5 hours, using a reactor. Research variable is ZnO concentration doped into CaO, that is: 0%, 1%, 2%. The test parameters are methyl ester content obtained from the results of transesterification reaction with gas chromatographi analysis. In this study, ZnO/CaO nanocatalysts were synthesized and doped with sol gel method and calcined at 450 0C in air for 60 min. The synthesized ZnO/CaO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD. From the experiment, the highest yield of methyl ester was obtained on ZnO/CaO 1% catalyst with yield of 90,8820%.

Background: Various root canal filling materials for primary teeth have been used from time to time; the most commonly used and readily available materials are zinc oxide eugenol and Vitapex. Aim: We conducted this study with the aim of comparing the effect of Zinc oxide eugenol and Vitapex for carrying out endodontic therapy of necrotic primary teeth. Methods: Study was performed on 165 teeth. Clinical and radiographic assessment of the patients was done pre-operatively. In the zinc oxide eugenol group, paste was prepared and paper points covered with the material were used to coat the root canal walls. In the Vitapex group, the premixed paste was packaged in a syringe with a number of disposable tips. Results: On pre-operative clinical and radiographic assessment of 165 teeth, pain was found among 116 (70.3%), bone radiolucency 90 (54.5%), abnormal mobility 75 (45.5%) subjects. Swelling outside the oral cavity was seen in least 31 (18.8%) number of subjects. Among subjects in which Zinc oxide eugenol was used, 31 (18.8%) subjects showed short fillings while in cases where Vitapex was used, 9.7 percent showed short fillings. Conclusion: Premixed calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste (Vitapex) offered as a healthy choice as a filling material following pulpectomy in primary non-vital teeth as compared to zinc oxide eugenol.

In this article the author focuses on the one of the primary research problems in the case of European systems of criminal procedure law (the shape of the mutual relations between preparatory and court proceedings, and in strict terms, the system of relations between groups of procedural facts that make up the indicated phases (stages) within the course of the proceeding). Bearing in mind the fact that the clarification of the relevant facts of the case is the prism of the general aim of criminal procedure and what goes with it, the settle criminal liability, Author shows relations between preparatory and court proceedings as a chain of functionally interconnected procedural facts. This article shows also the views expressed by the Authors of different systems of law, like: polish, german and French about the shape of the mutual relations between preparatory and court proceedings. The author also shows his own views within the scope of its subject.