Teachers as educators and teachers in order to achieve the mission of education required to further improve its expertise and creative in implementing the learning process in the classroom. As educators and teachers, teachers must have the ability to tackle the problem of learners in a sustainable manner through approaches, methods, and techniques as well as appropriate learning strategies that can increase the potential of the learners optimally. The subject is related to the Natural Sciences (IPA) the learning process carried out by the science teachers are still not actively engage learners and able to think critically. The learning model PBL (Problem Based Learning) offers to teachers in the learning process so that learners are motivated to have the ability to suss out problems in the real situation.

Incthe present study, carried out on the Hammam Boughrara dam (impounded in 1999), a number of phosphorus balance models were applied, namely, Vollenweider (1969), Dillon and Rigler (1975), Walker (1977), Reckhow (1977) and Ostrofsky (1978) models. In order to take into account, the rate of gradual submergence of flooded surfaces which is ordinarily characterized by an important increase in the trophic status as a result of endogenous inputs of phosphorus by leaching we have tried to adapt the Ostrofsky model (1978) to the reality of studied dam, by adding a new dimension. The obtained results show that the proposed model seems relevant.

Objective: This study aimed to perform a systematic review, in order to investigate the effects of a non-pharmacological therapy (TENS) in cancer pain through clinical trials. Methods: 208 studies were identified in those databases, after title and abstract analysis, 198 studies were excluded. A total of 10 studies were selected for full-text analysis. Six papers were excluded based on exclusion criteria, resulting in 4 studies included for this systematic review. Standardized forms were used for analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with the “Cochrane Collaboration” tool, which assess five different domains. Results: Selected studies were randomized clinical trials that investigated the use and/or feasibility of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on patients suffering from cancer-related pain. However, studies had a high divergence regarding sample, methodological design, treatment parameters, and outcomes assessed. Two studies, one involving pain related to breast cancer treatment and other investigating TENS on palliative care, showed no difference from placebo. Other two manuscripts report positive effects on pain, one on cancer-related bone pain and a second on cancer-related postoperative pain. Conclusion: We concluded that there is no sufficient evidence showing that TENS is effective for treating cancer-related pain. Additional research, with larger sample sizes, sample homogeneity and randomization and that investigate potential side effects is needed for a better assessment of TENS viability for the treatment of cancer-related pain.

Background: Foramen ovale and trigeminal nerve is an important anatomical landmark for the therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. One should have a precise knowledge about it. The aim of this study is to know the exact location and position of trigeminal nerve and foramen ovale at their exit. Material and methods: This study was done in the department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Udaipur on 60 dry skulls obtained from the department and also from some students. Damaged skulls are excluded from this study. Distance from lateral surface of zygomatic arch to the lateral rim of foramen ovale of right (M1R) and left (M1L) are recorded in mm. Distance from antero inferior border of zygomatic bone to the anterior end of foramen ovale of right (M2R) and left (M2L) and bilateral antero posterior and transverse diameter of foramen ovale of right and left side (APR, APL, Tr. R, Tr. L) are recorded in mm with the help of compass and digital vernier calliper. Result: The average distance of M1L and M1R is 41.641 and 41.925mm and M2L and M2R is 51.536 and 51.708mm respectively. Average diameter of APL and APR is 6.47 7.02mm respectively. The average Tr. R is 3.595mm and Tr. L is 3.76mm. Conclusion: The average distance of M1 is 51.622mm M2 is 41.783mm. The average AP diameter is 6.745mm and Tr. diameter is 3.6775mm. With the help of these anthropometric measurements the surgeons can mark the exact location of foramen ovale from surface, prior to operative procedure.

In recent years, researchers have attempted to study the subnormals and imbeciles using a wide variety of paradigms. This reading is an attempt to present a comprehensive synopsis of some current social, medical, psychological and educational attitudes to the mentally subnormals and imbeciles. The paper concludes by arguing that the ambit and precinct of subnormals and imbecility pose some central ethical issues which need to be faced by society thus pointing the way towards plans for the future in this realm of enquiry.

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy n the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. In term of the earthquake, this study aimed to cluster which areas were the most affected by earthquake occured in Java Province in 2017. The algorithm used in this study was Self Organizing Maps algorithm (SOMs) with Cohonen as a type of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that is trained using unsupervised learning in decision making. In addition, the clustering results through its algoritm are functioned as a base of determining the eartquake pattern criteria and which areas often occurred in order to be able to mitigate earthquake that causes fatal impacts.

Background: Occupational safety and health is concerned with protecting the health, safety and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. It is a duty of every employer to ensure that all its employees remain safe at all times in order to boast its production activities. Objective: The study assessed the supply, use of personal protective equipment and factors that may affect its usage. Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. There were 250 respondents from registered medium scale manufacturing industries in Anambra State. The sample was selected using a multistage sampling technique. The number of respondents from each factory was allocated proportionately according to size of the individual factors. Data was collected from October 2013 to May 2014. A pretested interviewer administered question was used. Analysis was done using statistical packages for social sciences version 20. Level of significance was set at 5%. Result: The supply of personal protective equipment was low as only hand gloves was always supplied (100%) while face mask and ear plug was never supplied. Use of personal protective equipment was assessed as never used, sometimes used or always used. More respondents have never used most of the personal protective equipment as 83.2%, 21%, 70.7%, 77%, 77.7%, 79.9%, 73.2% have never used helmets, hand gloves, goggles, safety boots, face marks, ear plug and apron respectively. The workers reported inadequate knowledge of use of personal protective equipment (42.4%) and unavailability of equipment as the major reason for poor use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: The poor use of personal protective equipment, result from poor knowledge of its applicability and lack of the personal protective equipment. Recommendation: Government and relevant agencies should set up laws and enforce the supply of personal protective equipment by management of factories. Factories should employ a factory inspector who will enforce the compulsory use and also educate employees on the use and benefits of usage.

Hypertension (HTN) is an asymptomatic easily detectable chronic cardiovascular disorder which can cause coronary heart diseases, stroke and other complications. The relationship between trace elements and cardiovascular diseases is under investigation and showed conflicting results.In this study levels of magnesium, copper, zinc, iron in hypertensives were estimated and compared with normal healthy controls. A case control study was undertaken over a period of 6 months included 100 individuals aged between 25-65 years. 50 cases were hypertensive patients free from diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, any other chronic diseases, while 50 normal healthy subjects were controls. In both the groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum magnesium, copper, zinc and iron levels were obtained. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum copper, zinc was significantly high (p value <0.05) and magnesium, iron levels were significantly low in hypertensives. Excess free radicals, increased stress has been implicated in the etio-pathogenesis of hypertension. Copper and iron increase the levels of free radicals acting as a pro-oxidant leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension. Increased zinc can be due to intracellular increase in renal zinc favoring the activity of carbonic anhydrase and causing an effect opposite to that of some diuretics. Elevated zinc leads to high sympathetic nervous activity. Decreased magnesium potentiates vasoconstriction and increase vascular tone leading to hypertension. We conclude that there exists a relationship between serum magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and hypertension but, further large-scale population studies should be undertaken to establish the role of various trace elements in hypertension

Rancidity of several anti-psoriatic drugs of AYUSH (Ayurveda & Siddha) were studied and the ill effects of acid value was established by free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide inhibition, anti-glycation, anti-angiogenesis and fibroblast toxicity. Our findings clearly show that rancidity not only produced severe side effects but also modified the therapeutic constituents from herbal source thus making the Ayush preparations more harmful to the psoriatic patients than as remedial. Several anti-psoriatic oils were compared with Dr. JRK’s 777 oil and Psorolin oil. Findings clearly show that the Dr. JRK’s 777 oil and Psorolin oil is the best, safe and effective drug for psoriasis than many other Ayush oils available in the market. Details are presented in the paper.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental disorder. It’s a rare congenital and the most common human forebrain malformation, occurs in 1 in 250 fetuses and 1 in 16,000 live births. Occurring due to incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon. It is seen between the 18th and the 28th day of gestation. It is affecting face and forebrain and is associated with multiple midline facial anomalies. Herewith we report an antenatal case of such patient. Patient was evaluated and because of the lethal anomalous fetus, induction was done which led to a stillborn baby. The focus of this article will be on the pathophysiology of findings visible in fetal manifestation of the HPE spectrum.

This paper presents human action recognition by using shape and texture based DMM-Haar features where collaborative representation classifier is adopted for action classification. In this study, we have introduced effective feature extraction technique based on Depth Motion Maps (DMMs) and Haar wavelet transformation, where different actions can be represented with a range of features. Firstly, we have calculated three DMMs such as DMM front view, top view and side view from 3D action video sequences as the shape features. After that, we have utilized Haar wavelet on the DMMs generated images to extract texture information and concatenated all features as a feature matrix. We have utilized principal component analysis for reducing the feature dimensions of the feature matrix. Finally, l2 normed based collaborative representative classification technique is adopted to classify different actions. For this research, we have analyzed the effects of the DMM-Haar features on experimental basis with DMM features based results. The performance study of the proposed method is comparable with the state-of-the-art methods to recognize human action on the publicly available Microsoft Research Action 3D dataset.

The emergence of e-commerce has changed the way and manner people conducted their business transactions, this revolutionary way of conducting business has since broken down the geographical boundaries of the market, where people originally visited markets to buy and sell. The common law has laid down many principles on the traditional mode of commerce or contract, hence there is need to determine whether such framework principles apply to e-commerce. Therefore, this paper intend to examine the applicability of the common law framework and principle on e-commerce and proffer solution to some of the problems of implementing e-commerce.

The relevance of common ground is of utmost significance in the production and interpretation of literary plays, especially, those of African refracted universes. However, much as the contribution is to linguistic scholarship, little has been done in this direction, especially on the plays of Ahmed Yerima. Applying the relevance and common ground principles, therefore, this study sets out to investigate how the principles enhance the production and reader‟s interpretation of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in Ajagunmale, so selected because it is rich in data. We found out that with the notion of relevance and common ground, Yerima effectively selects such lexical items of idioms, personal pronouns, proverbs and wise-sayings in the constructions of utterances of his characters in Ajagunmale, thereby aiding our easy understanding of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in the play. A study of the relevance of common ground therefore significantly enhances our interpretation of the use of language and authorial perspective in the play, and could also be useful if applied to other Ahmed Yerima‟s plays as well as other African refracted universes.

Cervical tuberculosis is a rare pathology, which can clinically mimick cervical cancer. Patients are paucisymptomatic and the disease is characterized by an insidious evolution, hence the delay in diagnosis. Common symptoms are non-specific contributing to therapeutic delay. The biopsy re-establishes the right diagnosis. The treatment is medical. The prognosis is primarily the infertility which is perhaps inevitable due to frequent associated general genital tuberculosis. We report a case of tuberculosis of the cervix whose diagnosis given first wasn't obvious. Indeed, a patient was referred to our training for suspicion of cervical cancer. Suspected diagnosis of cancer was then retained based on the presence of vaginal bleeding on contact. Biopsy was indicated in order to confirm the diagnosis histologically. Anatomo-pathological examination objectified epitheliogigantocellular granuloma with caseous necrosis, supporting cervical tuberculosis. The patient received TB treatment which led to healing. Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the cervix is often based on presumptive elements, hence the importance of anatomo-pathological examination

Pituitary abscess is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition unless promptly diagnosed and treated, and it accounts for less than 1% of all pituitary diseases, few cases have then been published in the literature, the majority of this cases are diagnosed either post mortem or post operatively. Pituitary abscesses may occur in a normal pituitary gland in 70% of cases (primary types), or secondary to a preexisting lesion. We report a successfully managed case of a 66-year-old woman. We discuss the pathogenicity, the morphologic and radiologic criteria suggestive of this unusual infection of pituitary region and also treatment options