Fermented milk products such as yoghurts can be produced without the addition of any stabilizers. However, some sedimentation of the milk solids would occur in the products (especially drink-type products) and has to be accepted, especially if the shelf-life of the product is more than one week. Sedimentation can, however, be avoided by the addition of stabilizer(s). Pectin has been established as a stabilizing agent in cultured milk products. However, the pectin used is majorly extracted from apple pomace and citrus peels. With the increase in production of processed fruit products, the amount of fruit wastes generated is increasing enormously. Large amount of these wastes poses the problem of disposal without causing environmental pollution. These wastes can be effectively disposed by manufacturing useful by-products from them and one such product is pectin. The peel of passion fruit, for example, constitutes about half of the fruit mass. Given the background of numerous studies which have been carried out on the extraction and characterization of pectin from tropical fruit sources, it is, therefore, necessary to formulate yoghurt stabilized with pectin from these sources and to evaluate its performance in yoghurt. The study was carried out to evaluate pectin extracts from jackfruit and passion fruit peels and their performance in yoghurt production.

This study aims to examine the direct influence of organizational culture (X1), leadership style (X2) and job satisfaction (X3) on the performance of principals (X4). The correlative descriptive quantitative research methods will explore information about organizational culture with leadership styles in achieving job satisfaction for high school teachers and staff on the performance of principals in Riau Islands Province. Variable data were obtained through the instruments of 35 variable items with Likert scales score in rank 1–5. Management of Islamic Education Institutions implements Organizational Culture with effective and efficient leadership styles. Supervision continues to be carried out by implementers of education, government, and end users, as an effort to improve the quality of national education and the quality of the quality of Indonesian society carried out in a sustainable manner. It utilized not only the science, the technology in advances but paid the attention to global challenges as well. The Islamic education management system is a coordinative, systematic and integrative process. The process starts with organizing planning, mobilizing, and monitoring. Based on the results of the variable calculation together affecting the performance of the principal (X4) obtained a value of 91% so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that organizational culture, leadership style, and job satisfaction have a significant influence on the performance of the principal

Blood is a lifesaving resource; it can be infused to a needy patient from a healthy donor after proper screening and cross matching. Infected blood is also a source of transfusion transmissible infections particularly Hepatitis B & C, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Malaria and syphilis. Stringent screening of each blood unit donated reduces the prevalence rate up to some extent. The objective of this study is to know the seroprevalence of HBsAg among the blood donors in a tertiary care hospital. It is a prospective study done for 3 years between January 2016 and December 2018 with a sample size of 55,376 donors. The overall prevalence among the blood donors in this study was 3.58 % and is more among the replacement donors within the age group 18-40 years. To reduce the prevalence of HBsAg blood transfusion services should be stringent in selecting a donor; proper pre and post donation counseling should be given to the donor. Implementation of more sensitive tests such as NAT for HBV that detects HBV infection earlier during the window period will further decrease the risk of transfusion transmitted HBV and improve the blood safety.

Background: Endometriosis affects approximately 6%–10% of women of reproductive-aged. Pain is the common symptoms associated with endometriosis and manifests as dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and/or dyschezia, can be debilitating. Aims and Objectives: To find out the association between type and degree of pelvic pain with the Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification system. Materials and Methods: Thirty women with endometriosis were studied in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and a score of 1-3, 4-6 and ≥7 is classified as mild, moderate and severe pelvic pain. Disease was staged as per the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification system in grade I to Grade IV and pain severity was compared. Results: Mean age of study cohort was 30 ±5.75 years. Majority of the women with endometriosis were in stage III (36.66%), stage IV (30%) and stage II (23.33%). Distribution of type of pain across the ASRM stages was insignificant (p >0.05). Distribution of visual analogue scale for pain with ASRM Staging was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: We did not find any association between type of pain and ASRM stages however severity of pain has a significant association with ASRM stages.

Context: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also known as chronic diseases, because they tend to be of long duration. Detection, screening, treatment and palliative care, are the key components of the response to NCDs. Aim: To know the prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in rural and urban districts of Etawah. Setting and design: It is a community based cross sectional study among person aged between 25-64 years residing in the rural and urban areas of district Etawah. Methods and material: WHO STEPS approach was used. Statistical analysis: The collected data was analysed using SPSS Inc. version 23.0, Chicago. Results: In the study almost half of the subjects were males. Prevalence of current tobacco users, alcohol users, insufficient use of fruits and vegetables and physical inactivity were found 42.4%, 22.0%, 92.8%, 51.1% in rural areas and 25.4%, 19.8%, 84.8% and 54.9% in urban areas respectively. Prevalence of included overweight, obesity, increased waist circumference, raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found 32.2%, 11%, 26.1%, 14.8% and 19.7% in rural areas and 42%, 21.2%, 49.2%, 14.4%, 18.9% in urban areas respectively. Prevalence of self-reported diabetes and hypertension in rural areas were 2.27%, 9.47% and in urban areas 4.92% and 10.98% respectively. Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle changes should be encouraged in order to reduce modifiable risk factors.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Financial Services Authority's circular letter number 14 / SEOJK.03 / 2017 concerning the health level of regional government-owned banks through a comparative analysis between Bank DKI Jakarta (“Bank DKI”) and Regional Development Bank Jawa Tengah (“BPD Jawa Tengah”) in 2017, the soundness level of PT BPD Jawa Tengah before implementation (2016) and after implementation (2017) and the soundness level of Bank DKI before implementation (2016) and after implementation (2017). The method used in this study is RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, Capital), while the long-term goal is modeling the financial performance strategy of the Regional Development Bank. The results of this study shows that the comparison of the performance of Bank DKI and PT BPD Jawa Tengah in 2017 are not significant difference; the comparison of the performance of PT BPD Jawa Tengah are not significant difference for 2016 and 2017, but the comparison the performance of Bank DKI for 2016 and 2017 are significant difference. The implementation of Circular Letter Number 14 / SEOJK.03 / 2017 regional development banks period 2016 (before) and 2017 (after), shows that the assessment of financial performance of PT BPD Jawa Tengah are not significant difference, however the assessment of financial performance of Bank DKI are significant difference. In 2017 after the implementation of Circular Letter Number 14 / SEOJK.03 / 2017 the results shows that the comparison of the performance of PT BPD Jawa Tengah and Bank DKI are not significant difference.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracyclin antitumor antibiotic closely related to the natural product daunomycin. The most dangerous side effect of DOX is cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the cardiotoxicity of DOX by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK-MB) enzymes, and troponin I level in serum, and measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the heart muscle tissue. Sixty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the right thigh of the hind limb of a mouse. The total period of the experiment was 49 days (7 days before and 42 days after tumor inoculation). Mice were randomly divided into three groups (20 mice per each group) as follows: Group 1: Control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days). Group 2: Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. Group 3: DOX group, in which mice received DOX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. The results of this study showed that, treatments with an intraperitoneal injection of DOX lead to increase of myocardial infarction markers as serum LDH, CK-MB enzyme activities, and Troponin I level. MDA increases in cardiac tissue homogenate in treated mice with DOX. It can be concluded that DOX treatment of male mice inoculated with SEC Tumor induced a myocardial infarction. Therefore, cancer patients treat with DOX should be checked the serum LDH, CK-MB enzyme activities, and Troponin I level during treatment to avoid myocardial infarction.

Arbitration, the contractual alternative of dispute settlement, though it has scored greater efficiency and become a venerable mode of dispute settlement in this business world; it has been encumbered by court intervention, nowadays. Court intervention is appropriate and justified almost in all jurisdictions in different degrees and contexts. However, unless its justifications, instances, and extent are well stipulated and fettered under national arbitration law, unwarranted interventions could restrain arbitration proceedings so that parties’ whished benefits and interests remain in vain. Therefore, this article is going to deal with rationalities, instances, and the extent of court intervention in arbitration proceedings. In doing so, it strives to divulge the extent of court intervention under international and Ethiopian arbitration laws. For this, the article uncovered that Ethiopian arbitration law is exposed to unwarranted and inimical court intervention in arbitration proceedings. There are premature court interventions and broader judicial review circumstances under the Civil Procedure Code and the Civil Code of Ethiopia. Underscoring the existence of the higher extent of court intervention instances, this article also tried to pinpoint solutions calling for an optimal extent of court intervention in arbitration proceedings. In doing so, parties can have a fair degree of autonomy and freedom guaranteeing and underpinning an efficient arbitration system. Last, as a way forward, the article has also called, including ratification of the New York Convention (1958), modification of the Ethiopian arbitration law in light of the modern arbitration laws from the international arbitration laws, foreign jurisdictions, and arbitration rules of renowned arbitral institutions.

Background: Doxorubicin is used for treatment of solid tumors blood cancers, however, its cardiotoxicity, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure, are the major limitation of its use. Doxorubicin treatment induces inflammation in various cancer cell lines. Exposure urothelial cells to doxorubicin (DOX) show an increase in IL-1β and prostaglandin E2, similarly, studies have shown that high IL-8, TNF-α and NFκB. This study aimed to investigate the effects of doxorubicin treatment of inflammatory and prooncogen mediators in heart muscle and tumor tissue. Methods: Sixty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the thigh of the hind limb. Mice were divided into three groups (20 mice per group) as follow: Control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days), Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation, DOX group, in which mice received DOX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. Results: administration of DOX to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in a significant increase in cardiac tissue IL-6 level by 4 folds compared to the control group and subcutaneous implantation of ECCs resulted in a significant increase IL-6 in tumor tissue. Administration of DOX to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in a significant decrease in tumor tissue IL-6 and TNF-α levels. SEC group showed a significant increase in tumor tissue SphK1 activity compared to the control group and administration of DOX ECCs-bearing mice resulted in the non-significant effect on the tumor tissue SphK1 activity. Conclusion: Treatment with DOX, leads to increase in inflammatory mediators as, IL-6 and TNF-α, in cardiac muscle tissue amelioration of these parameters in tumor tissue. SphK1 enzyme activity was increased by tumor induction.

Background and Aim: Anemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the use of erythropoietin, anemia of CKD can be resistant to therapy. Hepcidin is the main iron regulatory hormone; increased hepcidin production during chronic inflammation interferes with iron absorption, prevents iron recycling leading to hypoferremia and iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Our study aims to evaluate the role of serum hepcidin in predicting the response to erythropoietin (EPO) therapy in children with CKD on regular hemodialysis. Subjects and methods: a cross sectional comparative study included 40 children with CKD on regular hemodialysis who received EPO therapy for at least 3 months and 40 age and sex matched healthy children. Assessment of anemia and iron profile before and after 3 months of EPO therapy and was correlated to the serum level of hepcidin. Results: in comparison to healthy controls, CKD children have significant anemia and high hepcidin level. CKD children have CKD children with high hepcidin level have significant lower hemoglobin and impaired response to EPO therapy in comparison to those with normal hepcidin level (P-value <0.005). There was significant negative correlation between serum hepcidin level and HB, HCT and iron level in children with CKD. Conclusion: children with CKD on regular dialysis have higher hepcidin level that interferes with the response of anemia to EPO therapy suggesting functional defect in iron utilization among those children

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its metabolites were proven to suppress the proliferation of various cancer cell lines by targeting a wide spectrum of signaling pathways that regulate hormonal homeostasis, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation. Moreover, I3C inhibited tumorigenesis in mammary glands, liver, lung, and gastrointestinal tract in different animal models. These preclinical findings demonstrate the value of I3C in cancer prevention and therapy, which has led to its trial in cervical dysplasia, breast cancer, leukemia and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of I3C on inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and prooncogenic mediator, SphK1 activity, in tumor tissue in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma (SEC) Tumor Model. Eighty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the thigh of the hind limb. Mice were divided into four groups (20 mice per group) as follow: Control group, Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, Indole-3-carbinol (I3C 1000 ppm) group, in which mice were put on a diet containing 1000 ppm I3C starting seven days before and continued for 42 days after tumor inoculation, Indole-3-carbinol (I3C 2000 ppm) group, in which mice were put on a diet containing 2000 ppm I3C starting seven days before and continued for 42 days after tumor inoculation. Administration of I3C (1000 and 2000 ppm) to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in significant decrease in tumor volume and increased survival rate. Subcutaneous implantation of ECCs resulted in significant increase in tumor tissue SphK1 activity, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and administration of I3C (1000 and 2000 ppm) to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in significant decrease in all of these oncogenic and inflammatory mediators.

Cutaneous metastasis is a condition where cancers originating from various parts of the body spread to the skin. There are rare but not unusual. The objective of our study is to study the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary profiles of cutaneous metastases. Throw this retrospective study rendered over 6 years period from 2011 to 2016. 10 patients were selected from the dermatology department of Moulay Ismail’s Hospital in Meknes. We deduced the following: The sex- ratio M/F is 2.3, the average age is 60.9 years. Skin metastases appeared mostly during the evolution of the primary tumor. The preferred seat of the MCs in study was the trunk. The clinical appearance was mostly nodular. Adenocarcinoma (60%) was the most frequent histological form followed by squamous cell carcinoma (40%). Evolution was unfavorable, as 40% of the 60% of patients followed died at about 3 months after diagnosis of MCs. Skin metastases are a sign of poor prognosis, and occur most often at a late stage during the development of tumor pathology, but on the other hand, MCs may reveal underlying neoplasia. Its asymptomatic character makes early screening difficult

Epidemiological surveillance in the era of globalization, especially in the very rapid progress in the field of transportation, with only a few hours can cause an epidemiological shift in the disease, representative. Timeliness, data quality and stability. This study uses an evaluative descriptive approach to the surveillance system at the Port Health Office Class III of the Banda Aceh Work Area at the Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport. The subject of this study was a surveillance system in the area of Banda Aceh's Class III Airport. The technique of data collection was done through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study there are several indicators The attributes of simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity and stability and high timelines. While the assessment of data quality and positive predictive value is still low. The conclusion of this study is the activity of epidemiological surveillance attributes at the Class III Banda Aceh Health Office in the Work Area of the Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport, but there are problems in the surveillance system due to limited equipment, although there is a shortage of positive predictions but the timeline remains.

Tympanic membrane perforations are encountered by Otologists in clinical practice. It is the most common cause of hearing loss. We in the present study tried to evaluate the size and location of perforation to the degree of hearing loss and the outcome of treatment of these patients in our hospital. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad. A detailed clinical history including the name, age, sex, address, occupation, presenting complains, past history and physical examination and ENT examinations under microscopy was done to assess the size, site, and shape of perforation including Pure Tone Audiometry. All the patients underwent Myringoplasty through postaural approach using underlay technique taking temporalis fascia as graft material. Results: A total of n= 40 patients were included in the study male patients were n=24(60%) and n=16 (40%) were female patients and the male to female ratio was 6:4 with the predominance of male patients common cause of the injuries was related to RTA 18(45%). The right ear was involved in n=18(45%) of cases left ear was involved in n=21 (52.5%) and bilateral involvement was seen in n=1(2.5%) of cases. n=40 patients underwent myringoplasty in the Grade I perforations the preoperative hearing loss was 29.59 ± 6.65 and in the postoperative, after 12 weeks 17.05 ± 4.4 dB and the audiometric gain was 12.54 dB. In Grade II it was 35.40 ± 5.44 dB and postoperative 12 weeks were 18.51 ± 3.5 dB audiometric gains was 16.89 dB. The Grade III had pre-operative levels 37.95 ± 6.10 dB and the audiometric gain 19.84 dB and similarly in Grade IV 37.95 ± 6.10 dB and the audiometric gain was 25.95 dB. Conclusion: It can be concluded the tympanic membrane perforations are very common in men with the frequency of posterior perforations are greater and the hearing loss does not vary substantially with the location of the perforation. Surgical intervention of perforations is required when they fail to heal spontaneously and the audiometric gain following myringoplasty was more where the size of perforations was large

Handgrip strength is a reliable predictor of muscular strength and proper hand functioning. The aim of this study was to compare and correlate between handgrip strength and selected anthropometric variables in Nigerian athletes and nonathletes of both sexes. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out on 62 athletes and 80 non-athletes in the age range of 18-30 years among the students of the University of Port Harcourt. Handgrip strength was measured using an electronic hand dynamometer. Anthropometric variables used were mid-arm circumference, arm length, forearm length, hand length and hand width. An independent samples t-test was used to compare between both sexes in each subject category in both dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength. Also, an independent samples t-test was used to compare differences in anthropometric variables between both sexes in each subject category. A Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between handgrip strength and anthropometric variables in both athletes and non-athletes. The findings from this study showed that athletes had a significantly higher handgrip strength mean values compared to nonathletes. Strong positive correlations were shown handgrip strength and most anthropometric variables used in the study. It was concluded that handgrip strength was higher in people engaged in sports and it showed significant relationship with anthropometric variables.