Implementation of herbal medication is traditionally employed for treating broad spectrum diseases. Among this remedial flora, Nigella sativa is emerging as potent pharmaceutically significant plant with supportive religious background. Produce formulated from N. sativa have been found effective as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic drugs for various disorders and also as an ideal healer for variety of wounds. As in daily routine, minor injuries, abrases and burns are common and inevitable. In consequence, wound healing which is a physiological and systematic process in response to injury may be impaired due to several external and internal factors like in case of several infections and in diabetic patients, and it may lead to diabetic foot ulcers with significant morbidity and mortality risks. Retarted diabetic wounds’ healing is mainly due to interlukin-8, hyperglycemia and other contributing factors are like poor epithelialization, angiogenesis and skin regeneration. Biochemically, black seeds contain 35% fatty acids, 21% proteins and 38% carbohydrates and vast variety of other vitamins and minerals. Among them, thymoquinone frequently reported constituent as potent wound healer either of diabetic origin or due to other reasons. So far explored broad spectrum efficacy of this plant is also directly a proof of hadith of Prophet Muhammad (UBPH(: ―Use black seeds regularly; because, it cures every disease excluding death‖. So its biochemical screening and dose optimization to cure and heal not only the diabetic wounds in better way but also for other pharamcognosal pursuits should be explored in future to provide general public of third world countries like Pakistan, as local cost effective alternative drug in replacement of expensive synthetic drugs for better medical treatment.

Objective: To evaluate by Ultrasound the lower uterine segment thickness of women with previous Cesarean section delivery determine critical above with safe vaginal delivery is predictable. Patient and Method: The study done in AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in AL-Najaf; attachment of Kufa university department of Obstetric and Gynecology. Kufa, Najaf. Among 200 patients with previous lower segment Cesarean section, Ahistory taken including gestational age, the interval between the pregnancy and previous Cesarean section, causes of previous Cesarean section and if it is emergency or elective. Ultrasound finding for this pregnancy including gestational age, lower segment uterine thickness. Result: In this study successful vaginal birth after Cesarean section = (59 %) elective second Cesarean section delivery (10 %) . failed trial of labour (30 %) uterine rupture scar ( 1% ) that is mean only two patients get rupture uterus among 200 patients. Conclusion: Ultra sound evolution permit better assessment of risk of scar complication intra partum could allow for safer management delivery

Background: Occupational exposures represent complex mixture of genotoxic agents. Benzene is one of the major organic product, people with chronic exposure to this organic product are exposed to many malignant disorders. People who work in Petrol station are consistently exposed to the dangerous components of petroleum through inhalation or direct contact with their skin. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytogenetic damage and micronuclei frequency associated with occupational exposure to benzene among petrol station workers by using Micronucleus assay. Materials and Methods: The study groups included twenty five occupationally exposed petrol station workers and twenty five age matched controls were recruited and evaluated for genetic damage. Exfoliated Buccal cells were collected from both groups by using the sterile brush. Slides fixed in ethanol and stained with Giemsa stain and 1000 cells were studied by using a light microscope. Statistical analysis for data interpretation performed by Student’s t‑test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: As compared to control subjects, significant high level of micronuclei frequency was found in the workers exposed to benzene (4.65±2 and 1.22±7 respectively). Period of exposure also showed considerable effects (P<0.05) on micronuclei frequency, while effect of age was non-significant (P>0.05). In this study, both Control and workers with history of Tobacco smoking and alcohol were excluded. Conclusions: The results of our study concluded that benzene have the potential to increase micronuclei frequency in the exposed subjects. The study also suggested that protective strategies should be implemented by the concerned authorities to minimize exposure to fuel.

AphraBehn wrote the first novel in the English language. She may justly be called, ‘Mother of the English Novel’. Behn’s Oroonoko [2], predates Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe by thirteen years. Although her highly original work of fiction has sometimes been dismissed as a ‘romance’, similar to the proto-fiction that appeared in the previous century, her work in fact marks a wholly new departure in English literature. It bears the hallmarks – the narration of events as recalled and filtered through the eyes of its characters; the interest in exact narrative detail; the claim that the tale is a true story, and based on eye-witness accounts – that thereafter would define the novel proper. Oroonoko is now generally agreed to draw on the author’s first-hand experience, albeit highly fictionalised, of a period spent in the Dutch colony of Surinam, in South America. Behn’s novel is remarkable in the period when it was written, for the respect with which its narrator describes the customs of indigenous peoples, and the dignity and courage of native-born Africans, the novel’s heroes. In her tale of the rebellion and tragic fate of a noble and heroic African prince, and of his wife Imoinda, Behn not only wrote the first English novel, but – nearly two centuries before Uncle Tom’s Cabin – the first work of fiction to denounce the institution of slavery

Biodiversity loss through anthropogenic drivers is a matter of serious concern. Background extinction is a natural phenomenon. Anthropogenic biodiversity loss, also called sixth mass extinction has been addressed from various viewpoints. The issue of biodiversity loss has been discussed in local-, regional-, and national- and international –forums. The debate is continuing to identify the root cause of the anthropogenic mass extinction. The present communication discusses various anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity loss and explains the on-going sixth mass extinction using Garrett Hardin's “the tragedy of the commons”. Such explanations provide options for policy makers and for the people to save the precious biodiversity of our planet. It has been demonstrated that our present consumption of the Net Primary Productivity must be reduced through reducing consumption of food and energy to save the other life forms or the biodiversity. Promotion of sustainable human behaviours to ameliorate the problem of anthropogenic extinction has been discussed in the light of recent findings from neurobiology and molecular biology to give options for solving the problem. Biodiversity conservation through providing benefit to the people may be the effective conservation strategies which would save the interest of human civilizations as well as other life forms on the earth.

This paper uses conceptual blending theory to study the emotional poetic metaphors related to flowers in A Dream of Red Mansions. Exploration of how these emotional poetic metaphors are related to flowers in constructing meaning achieves the creative intention of the author. The proposal of this paper also reveals the "cognitive iceberg", which is hidden in the emotional poetic metaphors related to flowers in A Dream of Red Mansions so as to provide the readers with a wider range of reading horizons. Because human emotions are highly abstract, people tend to use metaphors to vividly express these abstract emotions. In A Dream of Red Mansions, the poet uses a lot of emotional poetic metaphors related to flowers to express the characters’ various inner emotions, including sadness (including loneliness, worrying, longing, hopelessness, helplessness, despair, etc.), happiness, and pride. These emotional poetic metaphors are mainly constructed by using the images of appearances, characteristics, periods, colors, fragrances, and growth environments of flowers. Through this analysis we can understand the metaphorical process, which projects from the flowers to human beings, is actually a process of conceptual blending. Through the mechanism of conceptual blending, the poet projects the flower onto human beings, using the flower to metaphorize human beings, making the abstract things more concrete while making the strange things more familiar, so as to facilitate comprehension and offer a deep impression. In addition, every poetic metaphor should be rooted in a certain cognitive model and culture model. In the process of conceptual blending of poetic metaphor, cognitive models and culture models play very important roles. The cognitive model provides certain possibilities for the formation of poetic metaphor, and the culture model is the key factor which allows these possibilities to become a reality.

Sera from 67 bovines (cattle and buffaloes) from villages around Ludhiana city and 10 vaccinated animals from an organized dairy farm were subjected to Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) DIVA ELISA. Sera from 10/67 field animals and 2/10 farm animals were found positive for the infection. Serial samples at 100 days, 130 days and 145 days postvaccination from 6 vaccinated buffaloes were assessed for titers of antibody against FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia-1 by Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA. The mean titers were as follows: Antibodies against O at 100 days, 130 days and 145 days = 2.4; Antibodies against A at 100 days = 1.858, at 130 days = 1.866, and at 145 days = 1.85; Antibodies against Asia-1 at 100 days = 2.225, at 130 days = 2.166, and at 145 days = 2.225, respectively. The differences among the mean titers of antibodies against FMDV O, A and Asia-1 at days 100, 130 and 145 were non – significant. However, two animals showed a titer of 1.65 against FMDV A at 100, 130 and 145 days which was below the protective level (> 1.8). The findings highlight the need for monitoring larger populations for the level of immunity induced by vaccination.

Corruption is a serious problem that could endanger the social development of both economic and political, as well as damage the values of democracy and morality because sooner or later this act of seeming to be a culture. Corruption is a threat to the ambitions towards a just and prosperous society. The problem of corruption is not a new problem in matters of law and economics for a country because of the problem of corruption has existed for thousands of years in both the developed and developing countries including in Indonesia. Corruption has crawled and slipped in various forms or mode of operation thus undermining state finances, the state's economy and detriment of public interest. Corruption is a misappropriation or embezzlement of money of a State or a corporation or otherwise for personal or other interests. While the world International understanding of corruption by Black's Law Dictionary means that an act is undertaken with a view to gain some advantage which is contrary to official duties and other truths. In Law Number 30 the Year 2014 differentiated two concepts, namely authority and authorization. Authority is the right owned by the Agency and/or Government Officials or other state organizers to make decisions and/or actions in the administration of government. While authorization is the power of the Agency and/or Government Officials or other state organizers to act in the realm of public law. Government administration is the product of administrative decisions.

Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) has long been medicinally used in different systems of medicine. The plant has several pharmacological properties including antioxidant activity. Aim of the present work was to see the effects of extraction solvents on in vitro antioxidant activity of C. speciosus leaves. Leaves of C. speciosus were collected from the local market and identified by the taxonomist. Extracts of the leaves were prepared separately using acetone, methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. With the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, linoleic acid peroxidation assay and DPPH photometric assay, in vitro antioxidant activities of all extracts were checked. Total phenol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids and carotenoids contents of the extracts were also determined. Results showed that methanol extract of C. speciosus leaves had maximum in vitro antioxidant activity in comparison to other solvent extracts. This was due to presence of high amount of total phenol in methanol extract. Methanol extract of C. speciosus leaves, therefore, may be further investigated in search for natural antioxidant compounds.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of promotion on job satisfaction and organizational productivity among staff of Usmanu DanFodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. Sample was selected through stratified random sampling technique and data was collected from 341 staff (academic, senior non-academic and junior staff) category of the university, out of which 308 questionnaire was retrieved and therefore, analysis was based on the 308 returned questionnaire. The analysis was done with the use of SPSS software version 21, using descriptive analysis to describe demographic characteristics of respondents, Pearson product moment correlation to test the relationship between the variables while chi square and regression was also used in analyzing the data obtained from the field. The result indicated that there was positive significant relationship between promotion opportunity and job satisfaction. The study therefore, recommends that organization should consider promotion variable as a means of retaining best brain and reduce brain drain in the organization

Effect of season on in vitro antioxidant activity of Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) leaves was studied. Leaves of C. speciosus of different seasons were collected from the local market and authenticated by the taxonomist. In vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves was measured by superoxide anion generation with the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, linoleic acid peroxidation assay and DPPH photometric assay. Amount of total phenols present in the leaves of different seasons was also estimated. Results showed that in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves of C. speciosus was maximum during summer (March – May) in comparison to other seasons of the year. Amount of total phenols present in the leaves was also found maximum in summer. In vitro antioxidant activity of C. speciosus leaves, therefore, was due high amount of total phenols in the leaves. Leaves of C. speciosus of summer may be further investigated to get natural antioxidant compound.

Holiday effects have been a hot topic in various disciplines, such as business, psychology, sociology and even more beyond. Numerous scholars have delved into this issue. Some of them mainly dwell on developed countries’ stock markets, typically showing abnormal returns around thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year, Easter and so on, while others focus on the relationship between stock markets in developing countries and holiday effect. This research will investigate the holiday effects in 7 selected Asian stock markets, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, and South Korea. As for the Holiday effects, the author mainly focuses on Chinese New Year effect, with comparison to National Day and May Day effects. The research report includes stock return index data from 2000 to 2014. This study has both theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically the research results may contribute to the construction of theoretical models. Practically this study can help us have a better understanding of the relationship between holiday effects and stock markets, and may shed light to others who are interested in this field.

This study aims to examine: 1) the effect of tax avoidance on earnings quality; 2) the influence of corporate governance on earnings quality; and 3) Effect of leverage on earnings quality; The research method used in this study is descriptive and verification. The population target in this study is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with observations in 2012-2017. Data to be used in research is secondary data in the form of data from annual reports and company financial statements. Validity and reliability testing is done before testing the hypothesis. This study uses the SPSS Version 25 analysis technique. The conclusion of tis research shows that tax avoidance, institutional ownership, independent commissioners, independent auditor, and leverage affect the quality of earnings by 31.1%. Almost 69.9% is explained by other variables outside the model.

At the center of the investigation of this study is the organizational complexity of the school The problem area concerns the (Italian) School with its articulations that presents a series of evidences and criticalities that deserve reflection. Instrumental functions (the middle manager), in Italian schools, represent temporary positions, which interpret and represent an organizational model anchored to the functioning of intermediate roles and support to the management strategies of the School system, but with little identity. The temporary nature of the assignment and its electoral nature also failed to guarantee the legitimacy of this role. The problems are very controversial with which we reason in the Italian context. It is not clear whether it is the middle management, that is, middle managers who collaborate with the head teacher in the exercise of predominantly organizational-managerial functions or, rather, if they represent figures expressed by the college of teachers because they are capable of interpreting the "vision" of the school, to gather the best professional energies. The results of the study seem to confirm that middle managers possess different characteristics of professional figures even if they are not officially known within the school's organizational structure.

This paper x-rays the meaning of scientific literacy and compares it to how science is taught in Nigeria schools, in order, to know how Nigeria has fared in making her citizens scientifically literate. It was concluded that science teaching in Nigeria schools were meant for students to pass examination and not to feel the impact for societal growth. The consequences are that most farmers do not want to use fertilizers, graduates in science and applied science are highly superstitious, people do not know that brakes can fail, that sickle cell disease is genetic and not from evil spirits e.t.c Therefore, the impact of science is not felt. It was recommended that science curriculum should emphasis on why science, organize workshop for teachers on linking science to the society, so that the people would feel comfortable knowing what science is all about, even though they do not know much about science.