Introduction: Propensity scoring is a powerful tool to strengthen causal inferences drawn from observational studies of different areas. A propensity score is used to choose treatment and control groups with simila baseline characteristics. A Propensity score is defined as the probability of the subject being assigned to the treatment group, given set of baseline characteristics. Objectives: To review the impact analysis of interventions using Propensity Score analysis. Methods: literature review in methodology was used. The review was conducted using reliable healthcare internet database namely; Google scholar, hinari and PubMed central. Eleven scientific articles were scrutinized to obtain results for the review. Result: The results of this review showed that a total of twenty four articles and books were reviewed and almost all of the reviewed articles and books were used Propensity Score analysis methods clarifying the notes and for their analysis of different titles of researches in different parts of the world. Conclusion: This review of assessed and reviewed, Propensity matching is a powerful tool for observational data analyses because it facilitates the comparison of outcomes between similar groups of patients and has impacts on the interventions.

In the survey, an ethnobotanical inventory was carried out to study the plant families, species and parts of plants used as remedy for cancer. The result showed that a total of 76 plant species from 47 families mostly of the Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Dioscoraceae and Zingiberaceae The commonest plant species identified include; Ricans communis L (Castor bean), Manihot esculenta Crantz (Cassava), Tetrapleura tetraptera Scum & Thonn (African yellow wood), Curcuma longa L (Tumeric), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (African pepper). All the plants studied in this survey have been used by the herbal practitioners and adjudged to be effective. Despite the inventory, more research is needed in the extraction and isolation of active chemical constituents in these medicinal plants for drug formulation and other vital pharmaceutical purposes.

Dry eye is defined as the disorder of the tear film either due to tear deficiency or excessive evaporation which causes damage to the inter-palpebral ocular surface which comprises of the entire epithelial surface of the cornea, limbus and conjunctiva. Dry eye disease (DED) affects 4.3-16% of adults approximately. There are various etiological factors associated with dry eye disease and diabetes mellitus is one of them. A case control study of 100 diabetic and 100 non diabetic patients was conducted at a tertiary care eye hospital to see the correlation with duration of diabetes. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.48±4.29 years. The mean fasting and post prandial blood sugar level in study group were 155.77±14.94 mg% and 263.77±51.49 mg% respectively. The difference of blood sugar level from control was statistically significant (p<0.001). The TBUT, marginal tear strip staining, fluorescein staining, rose Bengal staining were found statistically significant in study group. 35 cases had moderate dry eye in diabetic group. The comparison of both the group was statistically significant. The severity of dry eye was statistically significant in > 10 years duration of diabetes. A total of 11% patients with >10 years duration were having severe dry eye as compared to only 2% of <10 years of diabetes. The difference between the incidence of dry eye in right and left eye was insignificant.

Physicochemical analysis was carried out for products of sugarcane in an attempt to study the quality of main-product (sugar) from Halfa Elgadidah Sugar Factory at six periods (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) corresponding to (3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48) hours after harvesting, respectively, during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons. Randomized complete plot design with three replications was used in this study. The results revealed that the average levels of total soluble solids (TSS), sucrose, sweetness, reducing sugars, were 99.7%, 98.45%, 98.68%, 0.185%, Traces of ash were found in sugar samples, they did not exceed 0.04. Moreover, protein content not exceeding 1.0 in sugar samples, the colour ranged between 236– 268 and between 233.7–285.3 (IU) for the two seasons respectively. The relative viscosity ranged between 0.888–0.913 and between 0.884 – 0.903. The kinematic (absolute) viscosity of the sugar solutions ranged between 1.896 and 1.915 and between 1.894–1.914 centistokes for the two seasons respectively. The pH values of the sugar solution were in the range of 6.93-6.98 and 6.92–6.98 for the two seasons respectively. The moisture content ranged between 0.19–0.21% for the two seasons. The results showed that the optimum duration from cut to mill to produce a qualified sugar not exceeding 6 hours after harvesting.

Introduction: Radiopharmaceuticals are special class of pharmaceuticals and utmost care should be taken for their handling, storage, dispensing and use. The characteristic which sets them apart from pharmaceuticals includes their short half-life, inherent hazardous nature of radioisotope, issue of maintaining sterility with radiation safety simultaneously, storage, transport and waste disposal issues and the fact that minute change in dose may cause faulty diagnosis or even over exposure. Therefore the guidelines applicable to pharmaceuticals are not relevant for radiopharmaceutical and calls for separate regulatory setup for radiopharmaceuticals. Objectives: To review regulatory managements of radiopharmaceuticals. Methods: Systematic literature review in methodology was used. The review was conducted using reliable healthcare internet database namely; Google scholar, hinari and PubMed central. Ten scientific articles were scrutinized to obtain results for the review. Result: The results of this review showed that a total of ten articles were reviewed which talks about the regulatory management of radiopharmaceuticals of different guidelines and different regulatory bodies of different countries and causes and consequences of poor regulatory control. Conclusion: For good quality of radiopharmaceuticals there should be quality management system should be implemented, documented, and duly maintained; effectiveness should be continuously improved in accordance with the requirements of professional, regulatory, and accrediting bodies.

Photosynthesis or green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been shown an ecofriendly and cost effective approach with a great significance of biomedical Applications. Plant extracts may act both as reducing agents and stabilizing agents in the nanoparticles formation. We therefore synthesized silver nanoparticles using Syzygium cumini methanol seed extract which is found to be most enriched in Phytonutrients, and had strong anti-glycoxidative potential. In this chapter, the Characterization of silver nanoparticles of S.cumini (ScSNPs) methanol seed extract was performed and their role on glucose stressed cardiac cells was studied. Nanoparticles synthesis is based upon its size, shape, disparity and surface area. After mixing with silver nitrate solution the colour changes from yellow to dark Brown confirming the formations of nanoparticles. This colour change is due to the Excitation of surface plasmon vibrations. We have synthesized the silver nanoparticles after 48 h of incubation but sometimes it takes more/less time depends upon the rateof bio-reduction of silver ion due to the presence of reactivity of enzymes and components exist in plant extract. The silver ions bind to the secondary metabolites inS. cumini and getting reduced. This complex of silver ion and metabolite interacts with other complexes and contributes to the formation of silver nanoparticle, which is a critical phenomenon and affected by pH, temperature, concentration and electrochemical gradient of silver ion. The plasmon resonance is acombined resonance of the conducting electrons of silver nanoparticles and scatteroptical light elastically with significant efficiency our study reveals that the polyphones and amines in S. cumini contribute to the formation of synthesis of silver nanoparticles and might go through a two-step redox process.

How to replace the cumbersome and complicated program operation in the past through more natural human-computer interaction for the Following Robot. In this paper, Xtion Pro Live Somatosensory devices is introduced into the robot control system, and designed a kind of Following Robot based on bone identification. The full paper analyzes the overall design composition of the Following Robot and conducts experimental analysis. The results show that: On the basis of realizing target following, this robot can also recognize and execute target action, which greatly improves the maneuverability of the robot.

Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is considered as the "tree of life" as it has contributed in so many ways to all aspects of life for thousands of years. Dates are implicated to possess medicinal properties in addition to its nutritional value. This is the first study to isolate and identify the phylloplane mycoflora associated with date palm from Shuqaiq region of Jizan province. Potato Dextrose media was used for the growth of mycoflora which was inoculated by 0.5cm direct pieces of the diseased parts leaves of the date palm. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of mycoflora was carried out by the fungal cultures on the petri plates and the slides were identified by microscopic and macroscopic characteristics.The mycoflora isolated belongs to the four classes of fungi Zygomycotina, Oomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Ascomycotina. Forty three isolates represented by fourteen genera Absidia, Aspergillus Botrytis, Curvularia, Epicoccum, Penicillium, Periconia, Phoma , Phytopthora , Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus, Saprolegnia, Syncephalastrum and Ceratocystis were isolated during this study.The diverse group of genera isolated are phytopathogenic and are the causal organisms for a number of important date palm diseases. This leads to poor health and fruit quality and hence the diseases need to be controlled and the palm protected.

This study concentrates on the theoretical and applied aspects of the contractual liability under the third parties act; the theoretical aspect of this liability includes the definition, conditions, the range, features, provisions, and legal basis. Additionally, the most important applications of this liability within Bahrain Civil Law is discussed: Construction contract, and Lease contract. The research defines contractual liability under the third party act as a contractual liability which will be held when the debtor uses a third party to implement his contractual commitments, as long as there are no contractual terms preventing this.

Purpose: The elderly population has been rising in recent years all over the globe. Anemia of Elderly (AOE) or geriatric anemia in old age group is being widely observed. Independent of its cause anemia has shown to affect physical function among elderly. Various studies have shown the prevalence of anemia in elderly aged >65 years as approximately 10% which rises to 50% in individuals aged >80 years. The study was conducted with the aim to evaluate and study hematological profile and etiological spectrum of anemia in elderly. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from November 2014 to February 2016.Elderly anemics aged 60 years and above visiting Department of Medicine, GTB hospital were evaluated and studied. Results: Nutritional anemia was the most common cause of anemia in elderly. Folic acid deficiency was the most common nutritional deficiency. Conclusions: Nutritonal anemia is the most common cause of anemia in elderly living in low to medium group countires while Nutritional anemia, ACD and unexplained anemia are in equal proportion in west.Folic acid reserves deplete early in elderly and their monitoring can help in predicting poor dietary intake in at risk elderly and those living in senior citizen homes.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the cephalometric skeletal and dental norm for orthognathic surgery for North Indian population using Burstone’s analysis and to test the hypothesis that there are racial and ethnic differences in cephalometric measurements between North Indian and Caucasians. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 young adults which consists of 66 males and 54 females, 18 26 years with well-balanced facial profile and minimum arch length discrepancies were chosen for the study. Lateral cephalograms with teeth in maximum intercuspation were recorded and analyzed with AutoCeph software. The mean values of cephalometric skeletal and dental variables of COGS (Cephalometrics for Orthognathic surgery analysis) analysis for North Indian males and females were compared with those Caucasians. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Statistical Analysis: The statistical difference in the values of parameters between males and females of North Indian population was analyzed using unpair ‘t’ test whereas the difference between the study population and Caucasians was analyzed using one sample t test. Results: All the cephalometric parameters were found significantly less except convexity angle, maxillary and mandibular dental proclinations, occlusal plane angle. Maxilla and mandible was found prognathic and greater chin prominence in North Indian population compared to Caucasians. Conclusion: Significant difference in the cephalometric characteristics were found between Caucasians and North Indian population. Gender and racial/ethnic differences should be considered for diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery for North Indian population.

Background: Several studies all over the world have proposed the association of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Lymphocytic Thyroiditis and Multinodular goitre. Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (≤ 1cm size lesions) which are detected incidentally on histopathological examination of thyroidectomy specimens can progress to clinically evident Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma if left untreated. In this study, we aim to determine the types of lesions associated with Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid and to study the most commonly associated lesion, age group and gender affected. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 cases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma who underwent thyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital in Kerala were included in the study. The association between types of lesions, age group and gender were studied and the data obtained was analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: Mean age of the study population was 47 years and majority were females (86.5%). Out of 74 cases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, 58 cases (78%) had associated lesions. The most common associated lesion with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma was Multinodular goitre (59%), followed by Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (50%) and Hashimoto Thyroiditis (16%).Among the 74 cases, 17 cases (23%) were of Papillary Thyroid Micro carcinoma. Conclusion: It was found that there was significant prevalence of associated lesions with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Hence all non neoplastic lesions of thyroid which are usually managed conservatively require a strict follow up to rule out the possibility of developing Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. This will go a long way in preventing the morbidity and mortality that could arise in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

In Cameroon, due to the weaknesses of institutions and inadequate laws, many agro industrial plantations which are in most parts of the country extensively apply fertilizers, pesticides and discharge their untreated waste into nature. These attitudes are consistent for industries, hospitals and individuals. Consequently chemicals are found in ground water. Artisan mining of gold in the South eastern and Eastern parts of Cameroon release substantial quantities of arsenic in to ground water. All these leads to ground water pollution .The ramification of this pollution of ground water is water borne diseases (such as typhoid, cholera and amoebic dysentery which are recurrent in most of the urban cities in Cameroon). This paper investigates why the laws regulating ground water are not enforced and the lacunae of these laws. The paper does so through a reading of records mainly from documentary and internet search. The data thus collected constitutes the sources from which the law is drawn, stated and analyzed in the light of the stated aim of the paper. The results inter alia show that the law that regulate ground water pollution are not well enforced. The said results also highlight the limitation of the available laws regulating ground water pollution in Cameroon. The results are significant as they expose gaps in the current laws regulating ground water pollution and conclude with suggestions on where the law should go.

Intramedullary spinal schwannomas are rare tumours and are usually associated with neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2. Intramedullary spinal schwannomas without neurofibromatosis are very uncommon. These tumours may present with slowly progressing sensory or motor syndrome. We report a case of 50 years female patient presenting with Intramedullary spinal schwannoma at D11 to L1 levels.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure and intellectual capital elements toward corporate value, with the financial performance as intervening variable. The populations of this study are manufacturing companies listed by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) within the period of 2015-2017. Data were collected by using purposive sampling method. Based on the mentioned criteria, 53 companies were selected as the samples of this study with 159 data. The analysis data method was using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis with Eviews software 9 versions. The finding shows that that (1) corporate social responsibility disclosure has a negative effect to financial performance; (2) Intellectual capital elements (VACA, VAHU and STVA) have positive significant effect to financial performance. (3) Corporate social responsibility disclosure has positive significant effect to corporate value. (4) Intellectual capital element (VACA, VAHU) has no effect to corporate value while intellectual capital element (STVA) has negative effect to corporate value. (5) Financial performance has positive significant to corporate value. (6) The financial performance has mediated the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate value. (7) The financial performance has mediated the relationship between intellectual capital elements (VACA, STVA) and corporate value but VAHU has not mediated.