ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 25, 2019
Development and Validation of Nevirapine- An Anti-Retro Viral Drug by UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method and Its Degradtion Study under Various Stress Conditions
Dr. K. Bhavyasri, G. Srihitha, Dr. D. Rambabu, Dr. M. Sumakanth
Page no 254-258 |
10.21276/sjbr.2019.4.6.1
The aim of present work is to develop simple, economic, precise and cost-effective UV spectrophotometric method for
determination of Nevirapine, an anti-retro viral drug, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Forced degradation is a
degradation of new drug substance and drug product at conditions more severe than accelerated conditions. Forced
degradation studies show the chemical behaviour of the molecule which in turn helps in the development of formulation
and package. The method for Nevirapine was developed using methanol and water and absorbance maxima was found to
be at 282nm with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978. Forced degradation studies of Nevirapine like Acid degradation,
Base degradation, Thermal, Photolytic, and Peroxide was conducted in UV Spectrophotometer using methanol and water
and percentage degradation was calculated.
REVIEW ARTICLE | June 25, 2019
Methods of Synthesis of Chalcones with Green methods and Recent updates in Anti Cancer and Anti HIV activities of Chalcones: A Review
Kunal Dhankhar, D. P Pathak
Page no 512-526 |
10.36348/sjmps.2019.v05i06.008
Chalcones comprise of a three carbon enone system. These are the products of condensation between aromatic aldehydes and acetophenones in the presence of a strong base. They represent a main skeletal in the plenty of organically dynamic molecules including synthesized and natural products. Synthesized chalcones or their disengagement from normal sources are being explored worldwide for the improvement of progressively powerful and proficient medications for the treatment of a few loathsome sicknesses, for example, malignant growth, diabetes, HIV, tuberculosis and so on. In this review, we will be focusing on the synthetic methods including gree methods for synthesis of chalcones and an overview of anticancer and anti-HIV activities of chalcones.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 23, 2019
Prevalence of Rickettsial Infections in Febrile Patients with Special Reference to Scrub Typhus in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Sivasankari S, Senthamarai S, Anitha C, Somasunder V. M, Akila K, Muthulakshmi K
Page no 462-465 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.6.4
Background: Rickettsial infections are attributed as one of the important cause of pyrexia of unknown origin and there is
a need to be differentiated from other common febrile illness. This study was conducted to know the prevalence of
rickettsial disease among febrile patients since scrub typhus is endemic in our district in monsoon season the prevalence
of scrub typhus is also studied. Materials & Methods: Clinical data and history collected from all PUO patients. A
careful search of eschar was performed in all patients, peripheral smear, rapid test for Malaria, widal, Dengue NS1 done
accordingly based on the clinical data. Serum samples collected from all the cases and weil felix test was done. Most of
the samples were reactive to OX-K antigen, they were subjected to scrub typhus investigation. IgM ELISA was done for
scrub typhus. Results: Out of 180 patients 58 (32.22%) were positive for weil felix test. Among the 58 positives 28
(48.27%) were positive for OXK antigen suggestive of scrub typhus. Out of 28 patients 27 (96.45%) were positive in
both ELISA & ICT. Only 1 (3.57%) was negative by ICT but positive in ELISA. Seropositivity of scrub typhus is higher
in Males in the age group 30 – 45yrs .Fever with chills was present in all cases & headache followed by rashes was the
next common finding in all patients with scrub typhus. Conclusion: In our study the Seroprevalence of scrub typhus
throws a light that, this has to be included in the fever panel in differential diagnosis, which will help in timely diagnosis
and adequate treatment can be given and avoid complications.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 23, 2019
The Implementation Method of General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) on The Corruption of the Village Government in Indonesia: The Alternative Solution of Building Control Functions
Nadir, Win Yuli Wardani
Page no Sch Int J Law Crime Justice, 2019; 2(6): 175-183 |
10.21276/sijlcj.2019.2.6.1
The implementation of General Principles of Good Governance as a behavior political corruption village administration is very urgent, because over General Principles of Good Governance philosophy had a role in showing furnish and the lack of clarity and uncompleteness a norm. This type of research is non doctrinal research. The method of applying General Principles of Good Governance as a test stone for corruption in village funds is carried out with 2 (two) methods, namely: (1) legal changes and renewal. This legal amendment and renewal can only be done through national legislation carried out by the DPR, but this legislation path is very difficult to do unless there is a common logic of political equality, so that legal changes and reforms can be carried out. (2) the method of construction by the judge. This method is carried out by the judge in order to find the law because the law is vague in regulating or occurring a vacuum of norm. This path is commonly known as the Jurisprudence pathway where the law can also be born from a judicial institution.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 23, 2019
Impact of International Development Assistances (Ida) On Economic Growth in Nigeria (1986-2016)
Utomi Felix Izuka, Okeke Izuchukwu Chetachukwu
Page no 237-247 |
10.21276/sjef.2019.3.6.1
This study has examined the impact of International Development Association (IDA) on the Nigerian economy for the
period 1986 to 2016. The study used unit root test to determine the stationary state of the variables using the Augmented
Dickey-Fuller Test. It also employs the Granger causality procedure, Johansen Co-integration and Error Correction
Model (ECM) statistical techniques to establish both the direction of causality, short-run and long run dynamic
relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The findings indicate that official development assistance
increases the rate of economic growth of Nigerian; there is a unidirectional causal relationship between economic growth
and official development assistance, i.e. the changes in the official development assistance are caused by the changes in
economic growth and again, there exists a long run equilibrium relationship between official development assistance and
economic growth. The study submits that the use of foreign aid should be encouraged since it promotes growth. It is
therefore recommended that Government should create an enabling environment needed for investment of this official
development assistance, Measures should be mapped out to ensure that every investment using official development
assistance should be on capital project that will have a long term benefit and the Nigerian government should put
stringent measures/policies to ensure the assistances from these body is well utilized to positively enhance both human
and economic growth of the country.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 23, 2019
Analysis of Caesarean Delivery at Tertiary Care Hospital Using the Robson’s Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS)
Paramjeet Kaur, Parneet Kaur, Rama Garg, Balwinder Kaur, Manjit Kaur Mohi, Avneet Kaur
Page no 144-149 |
10.36348/sijog.2019.v02i06.001
Introduction: Increase in caesarean section rates up to 10-15% at the population level are associated with decreases in maternal, neonatal and infant mortality Above this level, increasing the rate of caesarean section is no longer associated with reduced mortality. WHO proposes the Robson’s classification system as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing caesarean section rates within healthcare facilities. Aims and Objectives: Aim of the study was to know the caesarean section rate in our institution and to evaluate the distribution of caesarean deliveries according to Robson’s Ten Group Classification System. Material and Methods: A prospective and observational study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at GMC and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. The study included all the women delivered by caesarean section from the period January 2016 to December 2016. The result obtained was analyzed to see and compare the caesarean section rate for the various contributing groups. Results: Caesarean delivery rate was found to be 40.49%. Maximum number of caesarean deliveries were contributed by Group 5 i.e. 26.51% followed by Group 10 (21.76%), Group 1 (19.87%) and Group 6 (6.78%). The main indication for caesarean delivery at our institution was repeat caesarean delivery (36.29%) followed by fetal distress (26.71%). Conclusion: Major contributing groups, Group 5, Group 10, Group 1 and Group 6 needs to be targeted to bring down the caesarean rate
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 22, 2019
The Concept of Strategy for Garbage Management in the Kupang City, Indonesian
Original Research Article
Page no 395-400 |
10.21276/sjhss.2019.4.6.1
The city of Kupang was assigned as the dirtiest city of number one by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in the
East Nusa Tenggara Province-Indonesia in the assessment of the Adipura award in 2018. This assessment was a further
impact of the cleaning management program by the Mayor of Kupang for the period of 2012 to 2017, namely Jonas
Salean, because can not to finish process garbage problems in Kupang City. Therefore, a research with literature study
techniques was conducted to find the concept of garbage management strategies in the city of Kupang that can be offered
to Kupang City leaders for the new period of 2017 to 2022 to resolve existing garbage problems. The results of this
research indicate that the concept of garbage management strategy in Kupang City can be done with the concept of zero
garbage from upstream to downstream, the concept of zero garbage as extracurricular education, the concept of green
community, the concept of management conventional garbage, and the economic concept of zero garbage.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 22, 2019
A Study of White Without Pressure Peripheral Retinal Lesions in Emmetropia, Myopia and Hypermetropia
Dhull VK, Nada Manisha, Sood Sundan, Gahlawat Rachana
Page no 503-511 |
10.36348/sjmps.2019.v05i06.007
This research work was carried out in 360 eyes of 180 patients
to study the white without pressure (WWOP) lesions regarding its incidence, morphology, distribution, associated retinal and vitreous changes and its predisposition to retinal detachment in 60 patients each of emmetropes, myopes and hypermetropes. The patients were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and Goldman-three mirror lens. The maximum numbers of patients were in the second to fifth decade of life. Maximum number of eyes had 0-2 diopters of refractive error. The WWOP lesions were detected in 3.61% eyes. The WWOP lesions were found to be more common in the third decade of life. There was no predilection for sex in patients of WWOP. The lesions were found more frequently in myopic eyes compared to other groups. These lesions were observed between the ora serrata and equator. Isolated lesions were more common than the confluent lesions. The superotemporal quadrant of the retina was the most frequently involved. The peripheral retinal lesions capable of causing retinal detachment were seen more frequently in myopic eyes with WWOP. The vitreous changes were observed in all the eyes with WWOP irrespective of the type of refractive error. The WWOP lesion as such may not be having any potential
for causing retinal detachment, but because of the more frequent association to the predisposing peripheral retinal degenerations and retinal breaks, it has been suggested that these eyes should be examined more exhaustively and followed up more frequently to prevent the development of retinal detachment.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 22, 2019
Histomorphological Study of Mesenchymal Tumours of Uterine CorpusA Study of 492 Cases
Dr. Nischita Budihal, Dr. Jayashree G Pawar
Page no 450-461 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.6.3
Background: Difference between the benign and malignant counterparts of mesenchymal tumours is significant due to the
differences in the clinical outcome and the role of the surgical pathologist in making this distinction (especially in difficult
cases) cannot be underestimated.2 The aim of the current study is to evaluate the histomorphological features of
mesenchymal tumours of uterine corpus. Materials and methods: was undertaken in the Department of Pathology, JJM
Medical College, Davangere over a period of two years from July 2010- June 2012. Results: Out of the 492 cases, majority
were benign tumours accounting to 485(98.58%) cases, followed by 6(1.22%) cases of malignant tumours and one (0.20%)
smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Conclusion: Differentiation between the benign and
malignant counterparts of mesenchymal tumours is through the use of multivariate criteria; that is, criteria that involves
several microscopic features such as differentiated cell type , presence and type of tumor necrosis, the degree of cytologic
atypia, the mitotic index, and the relationship to surrounding normal structures, including extrauterine sites. Morphological
features supported by proper usage of IHC markers will help in arriving at the final diagnosis.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 21, 2019
Antifungal Effect of Spirulina Plantensis in Rat Tongue Mucosa
Sally Hassan Abo Baker
Page no 366-371 |
10.21276/sjodr.2019.4.6.11
Aim: to investigate the antifungal effect of spirulina plantensis against candida albicans. Materials and methods: In the
present study, we used 60 adult rats weighing between 150 and 200gm. The rats were divided into three equal groups:
Group I: Animals served as controls, Group II: Animals were subjected to Candida albicans inoculation on the dorsal
surface of the tongue and received systemic antibiotic treatment, Group III: Animals were subjected to Candida albicans
inoculation on the dorsal surface of the tongue under systemic antibiotic treatment and then received 15 mg/kg body
weight Spirulina platensis extract orally by gastric gavage daily. After 3 weeks, by cervical dislocation, animals of the
three different groups were sacrificed. Tongue specimen were dissected from each rat and prepared for histological
staining done with Haematoxylin & Eosin and transmission electron microscopic examination. Results: histological
examination revealed atrophy of the lingual epithelium and the surface layers was infiltrated with candida yeasts in-group
II while in Group III the papillae begin to regain their normal appearance with decreased infiltration of candida to the
superficial layers. Ultrastucturely, showed normal appearance of different layers of the lingual epithelium in-group I.
Group II: Candida albicans yeasts invaded the keratin layer. The different layers of the lingual epithelium appeared with
severely widened intercellular spaces and destructed desmosomal junctions. Group III: keratin layer appeared with
disappearance of candida spherical plastopores. The different layers of the lingual epithelium showed less widened
intercellular spaces and less destructed desmosomal junctions. Conclusion: Spirulina plantensis can be useful against
candida albicans instead of the traditional antifungal drug.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 21, 2019
Splenic Artery, It’s Branches and Variations
Thanuja AndeT Navakalyani
Page no 227-232 |
10.36348/sijap.2019.v02i06.001
Aim: Current study aimed to study the coeliac trunk and its branches in 50 specimens, presence of supernumery branches from coeliac trunk and its branches, and presence of any aberrant vessels. Method: The study was carried out in 50 human cadaveric specimens. Of the 50 specimens, 22 were done in the dissection hall cadavers, 28 were collected from the post mortem. The arteries supplying the liver, stomach, pancreas and the spleen were dissected. Results: The mean length of the splenic artery was 9.11 cm (ranged from 8 cm to 13.5 cm). Its tortousity index was from 1.02 to 1.29. Suprapancreatic course in 76%, retropancreatic course in 20% and intrapancreatic course in 4% were noted. Apart from the usual branches, the superior polar (30%), inferior polar (36%) and both polar arteries (8%) were found. 18% of specimens had dorsal pancreatic artery, 28% had posterior gastric artery and 12% had gastrosplenic artery. Regarding the Left gastric artery, it took origin from the coeliac trunk in 96%, from the aorta in 2% and from the splenic artery in 2% of the specimens. Conclusion: The knowledge of the branching pattern, variations in the origin and the presence of supernumery branches and aberrant arteries which had been enumerated in this study will be helpful to the surgeons and the radiologists.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 20, 2019
Effectiveness of WhatsApp as a Teaching Learning Tool in Biochemistry for I MBBS Students
Vani K, Renuka A
Page no 186-189 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i06.001
Aim: The present research study aims to study the effectiveness of WhatsApp as a teaching learning tool in biochemistry for I MBBS students. Objectives: To enhance the ability of students to apply their knowledge of biochemistry to clinical case scenarios using WhatsApp as a medium of instruction and to evaluate the effectiveness of WhatsApp as a medium of teaching complementary to traditional teaching. Materials and Methods: Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained. I MBBS students were enrolled after obtaining their informed consent. WhatsApp group was formed involving the students and faculty of the department of biochemistry. Study period: 3 months (April – June 2018). Sample size: 131 I MBBS students. Topics that were earlier taught by didactic lectures were chosen and clinical scenario based discussion on those topics were initiated in the WhatsApp group thus created. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were given before and after the WhatsApp based discussion and student feedback about the WhatsApp based teaching method was also obtained. Results: The pre-test and post-test scores were compared using paired t test and it was observed that the performance of students improved significantly after the WhatsApp sessions. An analysis of feedback from students has revealed that 78% of students felt that the WhatsApp sessions helped them to logically analyse the information taught and another 71% felt that it helped them apply their knowledge of biochemistry to clinical case scenarios. The students perceived the WhatsApp based teaching method to be effective, as evident from their feedback. Conclusion: It is evident from the study that the WhatsApp based case discussion has proved to be an effective supplement to conventional mode of teaching, though it cannot totally replace the conventional method. Therefore, it can be concluded that the social media has the potential to revolutionize medical education in the future
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 18, 2019
Study of Palpable Head and Neck Lesions by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Dr. Manasa Das, Dr. Sumaya, Dr. K. R. Nagesha
Page no 436-442 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.6.1
Introduction: Lesions of the head and neck region are routinely encountered by clinicians, in patients across all age
groups with diagnosis ranging from reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes to malignancies. FNAC of head and neck is a
well accepted technique with high specificity. Aims & Objective: To evaluate the role of FNAC in palpable head and
neck lesions and also to study their distribution. To assess the prevalence of different types of palpable head and neck
swellings. Materials & Methods: This study is conducted over a period of 5years (2013-2017) retrospectively. Palpable
head and neck lesions in all individuals irrespective of age and sex was considered and cases with scanty material was
excluded from the study. Results: A total of 2598 cases were studied. There were 1649 females (63.5%) and 949 males
(36.5%). In the present study age ranged from 1 year to 88 year. Common age group involved was 30 -39years (513
cases) accounting for 19.8% followed by 501 cases in age group of 40-49 years accounting for 19.2%. Most common site
was thyroid (979 cases) constituting 37.7% followed by lymph node (960 cases) constituting 36.9%. Among the thyroid
lesions predominant lesions were benign accounting for 25 % (245 cases) [TBSRTC system]. Conclusion: Present study
confirmed that FNAC is an excellent first line investigative method, for diagnosis of palpable head and neck swellings.
REVIEW ARTICLE | June 18, 2019
Prosthodontist Contribution in Rehabilitation Post Maxillofacial Surgery: Review
Dr. Abhishek Jairaj, Dr. Ganapati Anil Kumar, Dr. Rahul Vinay Chandra Tiwari, Dr. B. Harshitha, Dr. V K Sasank Kuntamukkula, Dr. Heena Tiwari
Page no 329-335 |
10.21276/sjodr.2019.4.6.4
Rehabilitation of post-surgical defects maxillofacial region requires a multidisciplinary approach. Maxillofacial
prosthodontist plays an eminent role in restoring the normal health and function of the patient. This review highlights the
role they plan in diagnosing, treatment planning along with conventional and advanced prosthetic management of such
acquired defects.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 18, 2019
To Study the Clinico Bacteriological Profile and Outcome of Empyema Thoracis in Children between 1 Month to 12 Years
Sumita Pal, Rupa Biswas, Saurabh Tiwari, Gautam De, Anamika Das
Page no 500-502 |
10.36348/sjmps.2019.v05i06.006
Objective: To study the clinic bacteriological profile and outcome of Empyema Thoracis in children between 1 month to 12 years of age admitted at Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital (CNMCH), Kolkata. Methods: Study subjects were enrolled from children admitted at Paediatrics Department of CNMCH, Kolkata with fever, cough, respiratory distress and diagnosed as Empyema Thoracis by basic investigations like Chest X Ray (CXR), Pleural fluid analysis,Ultrasonography of Chest (USG chest), blood culture and sensitivity. Result: Rapid diagnosis by basic investigations and early initiation of IV antibiotics with intercostal chest tube drainage was an effective method of therapy. The common organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Only 4% cases of the sample size required surgical intervention. Malnutrition was an important co morbid condition. Conclusion: IV antibiotics and intercostal chest tube drainage is an effective means of therapy of Empyema Thoracis in children at resource poor settings.