Literature Review is an outline of all the information accessible on a particular subject till date. When you choose a research topic, the initial step is towards exploration and become familiar with the past research done on the subject. Literature review can be considered as the backbone on which the research concept stands as it provides the necessary context, reliability and the necessary background to the research idea. Thus Literature review is one of the most critical parts of any research. In today’s scenario Work life balance and glass ceiling is a major concern for the women who have opted to come out of their domestic chores and have chosen to work outside. Competition and challenges in the organization demands the time of women which they actually wanted to devote to their families. This imbalance can also create Glass ceiling preventing women from climbing hierarchical ladder. Review of literature on work life balance and glass ceiling of women employees has been carried out keeping in mind the objectives of the study. The researcher has reviewed the previous literature on various aspects related to work life balance (WLB). Review on Glass Ceiling is also focused in this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the gap and the need to conduct this research. The source of the study includes various Journals, reports, Books, Doctoral thesis, Internet sites and Magazines

A centrifugal gas pump in oil mine was used at elevated temperature and sour environment. The pump was submerged in water to certain height. The body of the pump was ductile cast iron containing 9wt% Ni. The ductile cast iron microstructure of pump body at the top contains Chunky graphite. The lower part of the pump contains spheroidal graphite. The pump was subjected to vibration and salts of the sea in addition to heat. The heat reduced the graphite size (Chunky type) of the upper part of the pump while the lower part of the pump (base) was submerged in water which prevented the reducing of graphites (spheroidal type). The effect of salts on the upper part of Chunky graphite plus the vibration created connected caves and severe crack initiators. The cracks during vibration propagated in the upper part forming severe cracks net in matrix, graphites and carbides. The heat induced aging phenomena to increase the hardness of the upper part of pump.

The paper examines the influence of socio-economic status of Households on affordability of public sector housing units in Kano metropolis. A total of 1,635 housing units were the target population purposively chosen from Danladi Nasidi, Zawaciki, Jido and Wailari housing estates. Using population proportionate sample size (PPS), 314 households were determined as the sample size while the respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique (SRS). Structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires were employed for the data collection. A total of 314 copies of the questionnaire were distributed with a response rate of 99.4% (312). The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques with assistance of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result shows households have different socioeconomic attributes, which have major influences on housing affordability. Respondents with higher socio-economic status in the society stand better chances of affording public sector housing units. The analysis has shown that income level and social standing of respondents are the major factors that determine housing affordability among the respondents. The civil servants especially low-income earners and other working class households were found to have minimum chances of housing affordability, which was also influenced by limited or no savings after family expenditures. Consequently, majority of the respondents are tenants in the public housing units. Therefore, the paper recommends a review of the method of disposing the housing units and the introduction of mortgage system that is readily accessible and easily affordable to households. It is also important for the government to make the building materials cheaper and affordable so as to enable people to meet their housing demands without falling into housing affordability problems.

Background: rapid and accurate diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) continues to be a challenge. Although culture remains the most sensitive method for confirmation of TB, the prolonged time required for culture, limit its contribution to clinical decision making. Our study aims to assess the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF test against smear and culture-confirmed cases of extrapulmonary TB. Methods: A total, 272 non-respiratory specimens (tissues, 88 (32.4%), pleural fluids, 60 (22.1%), CSF, 48 (17.6), aspirate 36 (13.2), ascetic fluid, 20 (7.4), urine, 8 (2.9), body fluid and pus 5 (1.8) each, and blood 2 (0.73) submitted to the laboratory for Mycobacteria over two-year period were comparatively investigated with the molecular-based Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay system and conventional smear and solid culture methods. Result: The reliability indices of the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay are higher compared to smear. The overall sensitivity (82.1%) of the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay is significantly higher than smear (46.9 %). The highest Mtb positivity agreement between the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and Mtb culture was found in pus and CSF specimens (100 % [95% CI, 91.1 % to 100 %]) each, while the lowest Mtb positivity agreement was found in the ascetic fluids specimens (50% [95% CI, 44% to 58%]). The Area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the accuracy of smear was 0.737 (with 95% CI of 0.600-0.874), whereas the AUC of the ROC curve for Xpert MTB/RIF was 0.946 (with 95% CI of 0.000-1.00). Conclusion: The Xpert assay showed superior performance over the conventional smear for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis, in (EPTB).

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been important human pathogen responsible for wide spectrum of infection ranging from mild to severe life threatening infection. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and susceptibility patterns of S. aureus nasal colonization among health care workers (HCWs). This study was done at the Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra. A cross sectional study was carried out. Four hundred and fifty (n=450) HCWs were screened for S. aureus by nasal swabbing. S. aureus strains were detected by gram staining, catalase test, slide and tube coagulase test, phosphatase test and antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby-Bauer Method. The Z-test was also carried out to detect standard error of difference between two proportions. Of the 450 samples screened 102 (23%) strains of S. aureus were isolated. The overall carriage rate of S. aureus in our study was 23% with the highest rate being seen among the nursing staff 42(28%) and other categories of HCWs i.e. Doctors and Housekeeping staff carriage rate was same 30 (20%) but it was less as compared to the nursing staff. A high rate of resistance (>50%) was found against ampicillin, erythromycin and penicillin. The isolates of S. aureus were more susceptible (>80%) to gentamycin, cefoxitin, vancomycin, cephalexin and tetracyclin. Our study showed that nursing staff were the potential colonisers of S. aureus when compared to other clinical staff. This study documents the prevalence and colonization of S. aureus among HCWs at our institute.

The in vitro culture of meristeme according to several researchers is regarded as a means of cleansing the seedlings virus diseases. This work of tests of cleansing of banana by in vitro culture concerned three cultivars of banana: Bluggoe (Musa ABB), Prata (Musa AAB), Yangambi Km 5 (Musa AAA) infected by Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV). Before in vitro culture, the immuno enzymologic test TAS-ELISA (Triple Antibody Sandwish Enzym-Linked Immuno Sorbing Assay) revealed that the totality of the seedlings of banana having 4 and 5 levels of Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) symptom were positive with the test. The setting in culture and three successive subcultures of the meristemes gave a median number of moves by going tube from 1.8 to 25.7 buds for Bluggoe, 1.5 to 26.8 buds for Prata and 1.7 to 28.5 buds per tube for Yangambi Km 5. These results prove that in vitro culture allows obtaining a large number of plants at a reduced time. After in vitro culture, the plants of banana resulting from this culture are cleansed with a percentage of 65.22 % for the cultivar Yangambi Km5 followed by Bluggoe with 71.40 % and Prata with 72.72 %. The in vitro culture thus remains a suitable technique for the cleansing of banana virus disease and can allow obtaining a large number of bananas without virus.

In this present scenario of oral surgical intervention proper instrumentation and technique holds a superior position which comes with experience of the operator, despite that, some accidents may happen when defective instruments are unknowingly used. This article reports a case of a retained fractured dental elevator tip during surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. The vast majority of cases reported in the literature occur during endodontic treatment, and this is an accepted common risk within the endodontic specially. However, there is very little literature regarding instrument fracture and management of cases following simple or complex exodontia. Although this is a rare incident, it reinforces the importance of checking instruments pre- and post-surgery by both the dental surgeon and assistants.

In India it has been estimated that about 42 million people suffer from thyroid diseases. The prevalence of Thyroid gland disorders depend on age, sex, ethnic and geographical factors, especially on intake of iodine. Several studies have been already assessed the knowledge regarding thyroid gland among general population with or without thyroid disorder. However there is paucity of information about the thyroid knowledge among school students. Hence we conducted a study to assess the knowledge and awareness of thyroid and its disorder among students of rural area. An Observational Cross sectional study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri residential school, using random sampling, 50 students of age group 13-17 Yrs, who agreed to give the written informed consent have been considered as study-population and those who were not willing to participate in the study were excluded from the study. In the present study, students had an average knowledge about thyroid gland position and its importance. About 44% of the study population gave correct answer about the location of the thyroid gland and 54% gave correct answer about the importance of the thyroid gland in the body. With respect to thyroid gland function, study participants had very poor knowledge. 46% of the study population believe that thyroid gland function is only to regulate the body temperature. Increasing awareness of the thyroid as well as the common conditions that impact it is the first step in achieving better health for all. Our study findings reveal that the study population had an average knowledge regarding thyroid and its associated disorders. Furthermore, information about thyroid gland, its function and its disorders should be included in the curriculum of schools, colleges, and universities.

Background: Several epidemiological studies identify hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and renal disease, particularly patients with hypertension or congestive heart failure and in women. In the present study to investigate the level of serum uric acid in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetics in south Indian population. Methods: Uric acid level was measured by Uricase-PAP methodology in patients with Diabetes (n=50)/Pre diabetes (n=50). Using Chi Square test, uric acid levels in the above two groups were compared based on age, sex and other factors which can affect uric acid level. Results: The mean serum uric acid level was lower in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients compared with Pre-diabetic patients. P value comparing type2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes was < 0.001. Conclusion: The serum uric acid level being higher in pre-diabetes than diabetes mellitus may serve as a potential inexpensive biomarker of deterioration of glucose metabolism.

The purpose of this study is to find out how much the influence from product and promotion factors in influencing brand awareness and purchase intention, besides also to find out how much brand awareness is in mediating product and promotion factors. This study involved 163 respondents who were consumers from Micca who at least bought Micca products once and lived in Jabodetabek. The research method used in this study is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Lisrel 8.8 as the software and combined with SPSS 21 to analyze the pre survey. The results showed that in the case of Micca research, the promotion variable had a positive and significant effect on purchase interest and brand awareness. While the product variable does not have a positive and significant effect on purchase interest but has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness. In addition, in this study it is also known that brand awareness has a mediating function that has a positive and significant effect on purchase interest. The description above shows that to increase purchase interest, companies should pay attention to factors that are considered by consumers in terms of promotion and brand awareness. Although the product variables in this study do not show positive and significant results in influencing purchase interest, the company still has to increase the products sold on the market to increase brand awareness, because the results of the study state that the product has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness.

Background: We investigated the results of diagnostic coronary angiography and trends in rates of myocardial revascularization procedure included percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures in Gaza between 2015 and 2018. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study based on the analysis of all diagnostic coronary angiographies (CAG) based on the largest Ministry of Health hospital in Palestine Al- Shifa Hospital Report and the Center of Bureau of Statistics, to evaluate the annual rate of PCI and CABG volume have been done since January 2015 until January 2019. Results: A total of 4887 diagnostic coronary angiography procedures were performed. The mean age of patients was 58.0±10.2 years. A 3245 of cases were male (66.4%). A total of 5225 revascularization procedures (PCI: 4286, CABG: 939) were performed during the study period. From 2014 to 2018 the PCI volume increased by 94 % (80/100 000 to 155/100 000) (P < 0.0001), CABG volume decreased by 47 % (30/100 000 to 17 /100 000) (P <0.0001), PCI/CABG ratio increased from 2.7 to 9.1 (P< 0.0001). The indications for diagnostic coronary angiography were stable angina (57% of cases), non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSE-ACS) in 24.0%, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 19.0%. The diagnostic coronary angiography results showed significant lesions in 64.5% of patients. About 19.2% of total cases have three vessel disease, 21% have two vessel disease and 24.4% of them have one vessel disease. The segments most involved were Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) which was involved in 47.2% of cases. Discussion: We observed a dramatic increases in the total coronary revascularization procedures with a marked decrease in CABG and increase in PCI procedures in Gaza

Medical ethics is an important code for the clinical practitioners in order to understand public health interventions. Various ethical dilemmas are observed in various environments thereby standardization of institutional policies and regulations are not initiated. Thus this study was aimed to analyze the perception of learning medical ethics among undergraduate medical students. A standardized, pre tested questionnaire was used to interpret the data thereby their knowledge and attitude towards practicing medical ethics in their profession. As a result, 64.9% accepted the importance of informed consent; most of them (95.3%) attended bioethics training programme. Social media (64.9%) play a vital role in imparting knowledge about medical ethics than other sources. Most of the participants accepted that consent is required for surgery alone than for investigations and medications. Further the corresponding author also conducting a simple survey for assessing the knowledge among medical students resulting of clinical case records (73.7%) followed by simulated patient interaction and multiple choice questions. This study is to be extended with more number of participants with multiple institutional involvement and other medical disciplines to finalize the data.

Since 2001, China's first open-end fund - Huaan Innovation has been listed since its listing, China's securities market has made a pivotal role in the development of the investment market, the securities investment fund has played a pivotal role, gradually gain market recognition, while the open-end fund with its unique The advantage has attracted a large number of investors, and the scale has gradually expanded, which has also had an increasingly large impact on the A-share market. However, the evaluation mechanism of open-end fund performance is relatively backward, which brings great inconvenience to the investment work of stakeholders. Therefore, how to effectively evaluate fund performance has become a hot issue in the fund industry. Years of market operation have made people gradually realize that the important role of liquidity risk in open-end funds has also attracted more and more attention from the fund industry. This paper analyzes the impact of turnover rate and information ratio on China's fund performance (measured by Sharpe ratio, Treynor index, Jensen index) through empirical research, and attempts to help fund industry choose the right way to improve fund performance through research results. This paper selects the panel data of 476 funds from 2009 to 2015, and analyzes the relationship between liquidity risk and fund performance by using the fixed effect model of heteroscedasticity control. There is a positive correlation between turnover rate and information ratio and fund performance. Finally, this paper combines the reality of China and the empirical results from the perspective of investors, fund management companies and regulatory agencies.

Fluoroquinolones are being extensively used for the treatment of OPD patients suffering from various infective diseases. Extensive use of these of drugs has resulted in high drug resistance among common pathogens. We analyzed the current antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli to fluoroquinolones for four consecutive years. 9186 samples were processed and 716 E.coli were isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done in accordance with latest Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.6644were urinary samples followed by blood (1321), pus ((704), and miscellaneous (517). Maximum positivity was seen in pus samples (43.18%, 308/704) followed by miscellaneous (18.56%, 96/517), blood (18.01%, 238/1321).Antibiotic resistance trend, during 2016, revealed least resistance against levoflox (12%) followed by gatiflox (13%) and moxifloxacin (28%). Maximum resistance was seen against norflox (42%) and ciproflox (40%). Nitrofurantoin showed minimum resistance (8%) among all. We observed a pattern of decreasing resistance against fluoroquinolones for E.coli during the study period.

Migration has become one of the defining issues in this globalised world. This is a known fact as research has shown that there have been periods of displacement and misplacement across borders and boundaries. The attention given to migration in recent times is quite alarming as individuals are now leaving their countries in search of jobs, medical care and education. There are events which have claimed the lives of so many Africans and despite these happenings, the increase in migration cannot be over emphasized. It is at the backdrop of this that this study sought to investigate the influence of social media reportage on migration to Malaysia. Anchoring this study on technological determinism theory of communication, a sample of 375 respondents were administered questionnaire using a multi stage sampling technique. Findings revealed that respondents are exposed to and are aware of social media stories on the flamboyant lifestyle of Malaysian returnees. Also, respondents show positive attitude to Malaysian migrants who return with a lot wealth in spite of the bad image they have been associated with. Therefore, the study recommended that social media users should be ethical in their reportage in order not to mislead the audience and that respondents should imbibe the culture of self censorship so as to check the attitudes that are formed as a result of exposure to social media messages.