The emergence of e-commerce has changed the way and manner people conducted their business transactions, this revolutionary way of conducting business has since broken down the geographical boundaries of the market, where people originally visited markets to buy and sell. The common law has laid down many principles on the traditional mode of commerce or contract, hence there is need to determine whether such framework principles apply to e-commerce. Therefore, this paper intend to examine the applicability of the common law framework and principle on e-commerce and proffer solution to some of the problems of implementing e-commerce.

Rancidity of several anti-psoriatic drugs of AYUSH (Ayurveda & Siddha) were studied and the ill effects of acid value was established by free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide inhibition, anti-glycation, anti-angiogenesis and fibroblast toxicity. Our findings clearly show that rancidity not only produced severe side effects but also modified the therapeutic constituents from herbal source thus making the Ayush preparations more harmful to the psoriatic patients than as remedial. Several anti-psoriatic oils were compared with Dr. JRK’s 777 oil and Psorolin oil. Findings clearly show that the Dr. JRK’s 777 oil and Psorolin oil is the best, safe and effective drug for psoriasis than many other Ayush oils available in the market. Details are presented in the paper.

This research aims to know the influence of Working Capital Turnover (WCTO), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Audit Committee, and Board of Director on the firm value. The population in this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2017. Sampling method used is purposive sampling. The data analysis technique has been carried out by using multiple linear regressions analysis, and the SPSS program 21. The results of this study indicate that Working Capital Turnover (WCTO) has no effect on Tobins Q, while Total Asset Turnover (TATO) has an effect on Tobins Q, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER} has an effect on Tobins Q, Audit Committee has no effect on Tobins Q and Board of Director has an effect on firm value.

The relevance of common ground is of utmost significance in the production and interpretation of literary plays, especially, those of African refracted universes. However, much as the contribution is to linguistic scholarship, little has been done in this direction, especially on the plays of Ahmed Yerima. Applying the relevance and common ground principles, therefore, this study sets out to investigate how the principles enhance the production and reader‟s interpretation of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in Ajagunmale, so selected because it is rich in data. We found out that with the notion of relevance and common ground, Yerima effectively selects such lexical items of idioms, personal pronouns, proverbs and wise-sayings in the constructions of utterances of his characters in Ajagunmale, thereby aiding our easy understanding of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in the play. A study of the relevance of common ground therefore significantly enhances our interpretation of the use of language and authorial perspective in the play, and could also be useful if applied to other Ahmed Yerima‟s plays as well as other African refracted universes.

It is believed that Michel Foucault‟s Madness and Civilization explores the history of madness and the relationship between reason and unreason. In his book, the unreason or madness can‟t be defined clearly. He thinks people have different cognitions and attitudes to madness in different periods of civilization. The relationship between reason and unreason changes over time. They are not opposed at the beginning instead they impact each other in life and work. In English novels, there are many descriptions of madwomen. Jean Rhys‟ Wide Sargasso Sea is the prelude of Charlotte Bronte‟s Jean Eyre. “The mad woman in the attic” in Jane Eyre is Antoinette in Wide Sargasso Sea. There are many reasons for the madness of Antoinette. What caused her madness can be interpreted well with Foucault‟s madness theory. This paper tries to prove that Antoinette‟s madness is the tragedy of racialism and colonialism and give suggestions to the construction of unreason in the human civilization.

Introduction: Breastfeeding is a natural act and an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants, it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mother. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, practice of exclusive breastfeeding among the married women in Mangalore. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Mangalore for a period of one week. In among 110 randomly selected married women to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards breastfeeding. Results: In our study, 68 (61.8%) belongs to the age group of 20 to 40 years. Of the 110, 90% knew about the importance of colostrums but only 37.3% knew that it helps mothers to lose weight after pregnancy. Around 75.5% were aware that breast feeding can help preventing diseases affecting breast and only 47.3 % knew about its contraceptive advantage. Most of them, 60 (54.54%) women disagreed with the fact that formula-feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding, 45 (40.91%) were of opinion that formula-fed babies are more likely to gain weight more quickly and 40 (36.36%) felt formula feeding is better choice for working women. Among the study participants, only 50.9% of the participants initiated breast feeding within half an hour and only 20(22.47%) women who were home makers exclusively breastfed their babies. 44.5% and 34.5% supplemented newborn with formula to improve babies health and because breast milk was insufficient respectively and it was seen more (79.35%) among women who were literates. Conclusion: The study concludes that even though women have good knowledge and almost all have positive attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding, still not all of them are practicing exclusive breast feeding and many still supplement newborns with formula feeding even though not recommended

Hypertension (HTN) is an asymptomatic easily detectable chronic cardiovascular disorder which can cause coronary heart diseases, stroke and other complications. The relationship between trace elements and cardiovascular diseases is under investigation and showed conflicting results.In this study levels of magnesium, copper, zinc, iron in hypertensives were estimated and compared with normal healthy controls. A case control study was undertaken over a period of 6 months included 100 individuals aged between 25-65 years. 50 cases were hypertensive patients free from diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, any other chronic diseases, while 50 normal healthy subjects were controls. In both the groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum magnesium, copper, zinc and iron levels were obtained. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum copper, zinc was significantly high (p value <0.05) and magnesium, iron levels were significantly low in hypertensives. Excess free radicals, increased stress has been implicated in the etio-pathogenesis of hypertension. Copper and iron increase the levels of free radicals acting as a pro-oxidant leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension. Increased zinc can be due to intracellular increase in renal zinc favoring the activity of carbonic anhydrase and causing an effect opposite to that of some diuretics. Elevated zinc leads to high sympathetic nervous activity. Decreased magnesium potentiates vasoconstriction and increase vascular tone leading to hypertension. We conclude that there exists a relationship between serum magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and hypertension but, further large-scale population studies should be undertaken to establish the role of various trace elements in hypertension

Brown tumors are benign osteolytic bone lesions, they are rare, caused by the disorder of the phosphocalcic metabolism that typically complicate primary hyperparathyroidism (PPHT) in 4.5% and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTS) in 1.5 to 1.7%. Brown tumors are located mainly in the ribs, the pelvis, femurs and mandibles. Spinal locations are very rare, they especially affect the thoracic region. Very few cases of cervical brown tumors have been reported in the literature. To date, there have been only 12 cases, the last in 2018 by M. Sánchez-Calderón et al. Reporting the case of a 65-year-old woman treated in our department for cervical C4-C5-C6 brown tumor responsible for spinal compression, revealing primary hyperparathyroidism. We note the interest of the suspicion of a brown tumor in front of any osteolytic vertebral lesion, especially in patients suffred from end stage renal disease, and hypercalcemia. Early diagnosis and setting up a multidisciplinary management prevent complications and functional aftereffect, despite the benign histological characterof her injuries.

A simple and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for the determination of rifampicin (RIF) in human plasma was developed and validated. Using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) as an internal standard, separation was achieved on Atlantis dC18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.01 M monobasic sodium phosphate and acetonitrile (60:40, v:v) and delivered at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute. RIF and HCT were extracted from plasma using methyl tert-butyl ether and dichloromethane (70:30%, v:v) and monitored using photodiode array detector set at 337 nm. Relationship between RIF concentration and peak height ratio of RIF to HCT was linear over the range of 0.3-25 μg/ml. Coefficient of variation and bias were ≤9.7% and ≤6.0%, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of RIF and HCT was 95% and 90%, respectively. Stability of RIF in extracted (24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at -20 °C) and unprocessed (24 hours at room temperature, 8 weeks at -20 °C, or 3 freeze-thaw cycles) samples was ≥91%.

A 3 year old Nigerian local breed dog weighing 15kg was presented with signs of lacrimation, drooling salivation and weakness. The owner gave diazintol® bath to the dog and later observed the dog salivating. Clinical evaluation showed temperature, pulse and respiratory rates of 39.7oC, 99 beats/min and 62 cycles/min respectively. Haematological analysis showed PCV of 38% and the case was managed as a case of organophosphate poisoning

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are being used widely by athletes and gym attendees to augment their physical appearance and enhance performance. The abuse of AAS has serious and irreversible health risks. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of AAS use, assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and describe the associated factors of AAS use to improve the general health of adult male fitness centres attendees. Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Fitness centres in Bahrain. Method: A total of 235 fitness centres were obtained and only 94 fitness centres met the inclusion criteria. Adult males aged 18-65 years old who attended fitness centres during October 2017 were targeted. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 20 randomly selected fitness centres covering the 4 governorates. Result: Four hundred forty six males were included. The prevalence of AAS use was 14.6%, the highest result was 26.4% found in Muharraq governorate. The majority of AAS users were Bahrainis (17.8%) and aged 30–39 years old (17.9%). Both AAS users and non-users had low knowledge score. Regarding the harmful effects of AAS, 18% of AAS users thought AAS use is bad for health. The most common route of AAS use was the combination of injectable and oral route (63.5%). Significant association was found between AAS use and the use of other supplements such as growth hormones, proteins and amino acid, smoking and energy drink consumption (P=0.05)

Non traumatic liver rupture is an extremely rare condition; it most often complicates HELLP syndrome and rarely some liver diseases. We are reporting a case of 26-year-old man followed for behcet’s disease, presented to the emergency hemodynamically instable on a large hemoperitoneum due to a spontaneous liver rupture. We believe that intrahepatic hematoma was caused by a rupture of a segmental right liver artery aneurysm and then spontaneous rupture of the intrahepatic hematoma occurred leading to liver rupture. The surgical management consisted on perihepatic packing and two months later a medical management of sub infected liquefied residual liver hematoma

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the local anesthetic activity of Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium extract as well as to formulate a topical local anesthetic gel containing the extract to be used for human. Methods: The local anesthetic activity was assessed using the intradermal wheal method in eighteen guinea pigs divided into three groups, six in each group. Pain response was elicited by gentle pinprick. Two concentrations (1.0 and 0.3mg/ml) of lidocaine were injected intradermally into the left and right dorsal flank of the animal respectively to form wheals, which were encircled with a marker. Similarly, two concentrations (100 and 50mg/ml) of the plant extract were injected into the left and right dorsal flank respectively of another group. Normal saline was injected into the control group. The encircled areas were each pricked with a pin 6 times at 5 minutes interval for 30 minutes starting with zero-time before the injection. To confirm the animal study, prepared gels of the plant extract (1%) and lidocaine (1%) were applied on two groups each containing 6 human volunteers, and the local anesthetic activity was assessed. Results: The plant extracts exhibited a local anesthetic activity on guinea pigs. Comparable results were also observed of the local anesthetic activities of both topical gels prepared from the plant extract or lidocaine in human. No adverse effects were observed either in animals or in human. Conclusions: Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium extract possesses a local anesthetic activity in both animals and human

Oxyuriasis is an intestinal parasitosis, frequent, strictly human, caused by a cosmopolitan roundworm: Enterobius vermicularis. Pinworms are mainly localized in intestine but can sometimes be found in the female genitalia, even if it is rare. Our case is a young man of 32 who has an anterior history of inconstant anal pruritus but and who presented a pruriginous and painless subcutaneous nodule and who benefited from an excisional biopsy whose pathological examination revealed the presence of sections of nematodes corresponding to female pinworms within a fibro-fatty tissue. Oxyuriasis is mainly intestinal, sometimes with an uro-genital location, especially in women, but no case has been described at the subcutaneous level, hence the interest of this work in revealing new possible locations of this parasitosis

Healthy and strong body function was essential in the job of prison management, and smoking had been proved to induce negative impacts. Based on the health belief model, the current research explored the association among health belief on smoke -cessation, self-efficacy on ceasing smoke, and possibility of ceasing smoke among the prison officials. Samples were 182 officials recruited by snowball sampling method, 72.53% were male. Test results indicated the barrier to ceasing smoke had a lowest average 2.95(±1.04), followed by benefit of ceasing smoke (3.49±0.54), perceived susceptibility (3.51±0.75), perceived severity (3.59± 0.78), self-efficacy (3.65±0.77), and possibility of ceasing smoke (3.67 ± 0.99). As to the variance analysis, history of smoking and residence were two major variables that made the constructs different, whereas age and marriage contributed the least. Noteworthy was that the education is the major contributor to the difference of smoke-ceasing possibility among respondents. Results from regression analyses indicated that perceived benefits (β=.52) and perceived barriers (β=.23) were the two major predictors of smoke-ceasing, and the other independent variables (IV) were not significant in this model (adj. R2=.279). The variance explained increased to 48.3% (adj. R2=.483) in the model with additional variable of self-efficacy. Perceived benefits and perceived barriers were replaced by the self-efficacy, and made all original IVs not significant. This indicated the mediating effects of self-efficacy between predictors and smoke-ceasing. The current research suggested the judicial correction institute shall logically staff required officials for the jobs of prison management, and recommend several smoke-ceasing measures.