This study investigated the influence of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning Geography in selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study specifically sought to determine if Geography teachers in tertiary institutions are exposed to new technologies, establish whether new technologies are available for teaching Geography, investigate the extent of integration of these new technologies into teaching Geography and examine the factors that inhibit teachers from using new technologies in teaching Geography in selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and the population consisted of students of three tertiary institutions in Adamawa State. Three hundred respondents were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The instrument titled: „Information and Communication Technology in Teaching and Learning Geography Questionnaire‟ was validated by an expert in Guidance and Counselling from the Department of Science Education. The reliability value was calculated using Kudden Richardson formular (KR-21) which yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.87.

Planning and executing the restorative rehabilitation of a decimated occlusion is probably one of the most intellectually and technically demanding tasks facing a restorative dentist. The term "occlusal rehabilitation has been defined as the restoration of the functional integrity of the dental arches by the use of inlays, crowns, bridges and partial dentures". Occlusal rehabilitation therefore involves restoring the dentate or a partially dentate mouth. The aim is to provide an orderly pattern of occlusal contact and articulation that will optimize oral function, occlusal stability and esthetics. Occlusal adjustment by grinding may be required, as part of the rehabilitation but does not constitute rehabilitation per se. In this review occlusal rehabilitation is discussed in the context of cases where restorations are supported by natural teeth and doesn't include the restoration of the fully edentulous arch or maxillofacial defects, nor does it include the use of osseointegrated implants.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is a complication of acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and is associated with systemic thromboembolism. Although standard trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is commonly used for screening, it is limited by low sensitivity for detection of LV thrombus. Magnetic resonance imaging has a high yield in detection of these thrombi. Objective: To determine rate of detection of left ventricular thrombi on magnetic resonance cardiac viability studies. Design: Retrospective, observational. Setting: Department of Radiology at a Hospital in Dhahran from April 2013 to April 2018. Patients and Methods: All recently reperfused ST Segment Elevation MI (STEMI) patients who were referred for MR cardiac viability studies with negative TTE (for LV thrombi) were evaluated. Patients with limited or incomplete studies, previously known MI or cardiac surgeries, and those contraindicated to MRI were excluded. An area of low signal intensity with no late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was defined as thrombus on MR imaging, and two radiologists made consensus reporting for the diagnoses. Patients with anterior or non-anterior wall MI were documented, and their ejection fractions were recorded. The percentage estimation for positive LV thrombi cases was made. Any complications (like stroke or death) that occurred within one year of diagnoses were documented. A Chi-square and t-test determined the association. Main Outcome Measures: Detection of LV thrombi. Sample size: 125 patients. Results: Of the 125 patients, most were men (71.2%) with a mean age of 56.78 years. Eleven patients had left ventricular thrombi (8.8%), and most of these were anterior wall infarctions with low ejection fractions (<40%). Three out of 11 patients with LV thrombi developed complications versus 3 out of 114 without LV thrombi. Conclusion: Cardiac MR viability studies can detect LV thrombi in recently reperfused echo-negative STEMI patients. Limitations: Retrospective, small sample, single center, use of non-contrast echocardiography

Background: Stress is a negative emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological process occurs as individual adjusts with stressors. Due to the secretion of this cortisol and epinephrine blood vessels are tightenedas a result heart rate and blood pressure increases. Present study aimed to asses the level of perceived stress and its association with Pre hypertension in health professional beginners. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, SBKS MI & RC, SVDU for consecutive two batches 2016-17 & 2017-18. Total 506 first year MBBS, BDS & BPT students were studied for age, gender and Blood Pressure. Stress was assessed by PSS-10 scale. Two groups were identified as their PSS score, stressed and non-stressed. Results: PSS score showed that among all participants 71.74% (N=363) students were stressed and 28.26% (N=143) students were none stressed. In the present study the mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of 506 health professionals was 125.63±3.35 and 76.96±5.65 respectively which falls under the category of pre hypertension. Conclusion: Majority of students could be categorized as pre-hypertensive group based on blood pressure.An effective inclusion and implementation of regular exercise, sports and cultural activities and stress management program like meditation, yoga in the medical curriculum may be a key to reducing and or preventing stress-induced psychological distress and Hyperteinsion

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare a highly heterogeneous set of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Histological grading plays a central role in the assessment and management of patients with STS, since histological gradeis prognostic, contributes to clinical staging, and is also predictive of chemotherapy responses so drives clinical decisionmaking on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Here we review the main histopathological grading systems andthe main considerations for the practising pathologist when grading STS. We highlight that histological STS gradingis not without its limitations, not least in classifying 50% of tumours as of uncertain behaviour (grade 2). However, recent developments in molecular risk stratification hold promise for molecular grading of STS with the ultimate goal of personalising therapy based on molecular profiles.

Breast spindle cell lesions (BCSLs) are a highly heterogenous group of diseases that frequently challenge the diagnostic skills of even specialist breast pathologists. While a systematic morphological assessment remains central to narrowing the differential diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable ancillary test that can help to either further narrow or confirm a diagnosis. However, BSCLs can also show a remarkable degree of intra-tumoural morphological and immunohistochemical heterogeneity, meaning that IHC is rarely either specific or sensitive for a particular lesion and that care must be taken when interpreting diagnostic core biopsies. IHC results must, therefore, always be interpreted with caution and in the context of the morphological features and wider clinicopathological findings.

The Cestodes, Echinococcus granulosusand Echinococcus multilocularis are the causative agents of hydatid disease. Dog is the definitive host while humans are accidental intermediate hosts. The liver and lungs are commonly affected though other exotic sites can also be uncommonly affected. This is of great clinical relevance because of the risk of anaphylaxis during inadvertent surgical exploration or other invasive procedures. Imaging and hydatid serology (Indirect Hemagglutination, Immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA and Western Blot) are the key to pre-operative diagnosis. We present a series of hydatid cysts presenting at unusual sites including kidney, parotid, and ovary and limb muscle. Hydatid cyst should be suspected in the differential diagnosis of any cystic lesion particularly in endemic areas.

The aim of this study was to find out the philosophical values for the judge constitutional court in implementing the principle of shame (principle al-haya’) as a review of Indonesian impeachment. This research uses the method of (nomative legal research), namely: a research that is done with the purpose to find the principles and philosophical basis (dogma or doctrine) of positive law, and the research of legal discovery in concreto that is appropriate to solve a case law such as the impeachment of the president in his profession using the pricple of al-haya’. This research approach used in this research is statute approach, conseptual, historical approach, comparative approach, and philoshopy approach. Data types and sources, namely primary sources or outhorities, secondary sources or authorites, and tertiary sources or authorites. The result of this research, formally juridical Implementation of the principle of al-haya’ as a review of the impeachment of the Indonesian President by a Constitutional Court judge (MK-RI) based on the provisions of Article 5 juncto Article 10 of act Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning philosophical power to fill in the incompleteness, obscurity and emptiness of legal norms in the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution and establish a national legal system. Technically, by the judges of the Constitutional Court (MK-RI) can be approached through the legal reasoning of induction and deduction. The method of implementation on shame principle (principle of Al-haya’) by the judges of the Constitutional Court (MK-RI) was done by deductive advance, means that the principle of specialty is devoted again to the legal field is concerned, the new rules do basically the deduction of law is concerned. Then deducted again into the substantive rules, and rules deducted longer be the case. After that is done in the case of the implementation of the rules of concrete case by the judge.

This paper presents human action recognition by using shape and texture based DMM-Haar features where collaborative representation classifier is adopted for action classification. In this study, we have introduced effective feature extraction technique based on Depth Motion Maps (DMMs) and Haar wavelet transformation, where different actions can be represented with a range of features. Firstly, we have calculated three DMMs such as DMM front view, top view and side view from 3D action video sequences as the shape features. After that, we have utilized Haar wavelet on the DMMs generated images to extract texture information and concatenated all features as a feature matrix. We have utilized principal component analysis for reducing the feature dimensions of the feature matrix. Finally, l2 normed based collaborative representative classification technique is adopted to classify different actions. For this research, we have analyzed the effects of the DMM-Haar features on experimental basis with DMM features based results. The performance study of the proposed method is comparable with the state-of-the-art methods to recognize human action on the publicly available Microsoft Research Action 3D dataset.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of executive character, the implementation of Good Corporate Governance principles to tax avoidance. This research is a quantitative research with a causal approach, using secondary data where multiple regression analysis method used for testing. Independent variables in this study are an executive character, as measured by the risk of the company, which will determine whether the executive character risk taker or risk averse. Principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is proxied by an independent commissioner, institutional ownership and audit committee. Tax avoidance while the dependent variable was measured by Effective Tax Rate (ETR). The results showed that the character of executive branch significant effect on tax avoidance. While the independent commissioner, institutional ownership, and audit committee have no significant effect on tax avoidance.

This article examines how Habermas‘s theory of communicative action provides insights for mediation processes and conflict resolution in general. It lays its assumptions that people in society are in relationship and that presuppositions of argumentation proposed by Habermas can assist direct focus on fundamental elements of conflict resolution. Kenya in the wake of the violently disputed presidential elections of 2007 is undergoing a transition period where both the perpetrators and the victims of the violence are seeking justice and reparation respectively. Inherent in the process is the emerging debate on reconciliation and retribution. The failure of International Criminal Court (ICC) to successfully prosecute the six suspects who had been indicted to face charges of criminal culpability in the post-election violence builds a case for alternative conflict resolution approaches. The paper adopts a methodology that discusses the mediation process through conceptual metaphors used in reference to ICC. A closer interpretation of the metaphors can assist the parties to prepare a resolution process that derives from Habermas ideas of the ‗conditions of communication‘. This paper proposes the use of these ideas to constrain abuses of their authority, and ultimately offer mediators a new opportunity to help re-establish positive relationships thereby contributing to the post-election violence transition debate in the postelection violent Kenyan society.

With the acceleration of globalization and the increasingly complex international situation, language is not only a written symbol, but also a social and cultural function to mark countries and nations. Great changes have taken place in people's view of language. Some linguists are no longer confined to the study of micro-linguistic phenomena such as pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, but focus more on macro-linguistic phenomena closely related to national interests and national security. Especially with the development of modern informationization in recent years, language policy has also become an important topic of concern to linguists. This paper discusses the research of American minority language policy based on knowledge base from the research background, research purposes, research ideas, research methods, innovations, and theoretical and practical significance.

This paper examines pre-Kanuri Borno societies focusing more on the „So‟ that were not given much relevance historically. It is in this view that the paper attempts to examine the place of the pre-Kanuri inhabitants of Borno in the history of the area and bring to the fore their contributions to human civilization, particularly in the Chad Basin Area before the arrival of the Sayfawa into Borno. It appears like the history of Borno started only with the coming of the Sayfawa into the area as documented in most reference materials. The „So‟ were the most notable pre-Kanuri inhabitants of Borno. Perhaps there were many ethnic groups who probably dispersed to other locations in the Benue Valley, Bauchi Plateau and some parts of Hausa land. These groups of people left some imprints in terms of civilization that we are able to understand through archaeological and ethnographical researches. The Method that was adopted in writing this paper is documentary analysis, using a multidisciplinary approach that cut across history, ethnography, archaeology and oral tradition. Data collected were critically analysed and interpreted. Findings revealed that the area was well inhabited long before the arrival of the Sayfawa, although, little was known about the pre-Kanuri inhabitants due to lack of enough sources to contend with. In conclusion, the area is noted for a civilization that flourished for thousands of years. As such, there is the need for more research on the area to reveal more on the pre-Kanuri Sayfawa people.

homes in their country for one reason or the other. This issue has assumed a significant dimension of great concern all over the world with the African sub-region being the highest victim. Internally Displaced Persons face grave dangers in their home countries as they are vulnerable economically, psychologically socially, religiously and even politically. Apart from the pronounced refugees, they constitute a major group of the vulnerable persons. They could be referred to as “refugees” in their home country. The only difference between them and the refugees is that they are still within the geographical circumference of their nationality. Economically, their means of livelihood is cut off either as farmers, fishermen, or petty traders, or artisans; psychologically and socially, they are not in good frame of mind and have lost their natural homestead and habitation, cut off from their traditional and cultural environment, distanced from their gods and deities and therefore cannot worship their gods; from the political point of view, their civil rights and obligations are even denied sometimes may be not deliberately but because of the circumstances of relocation to areas where it may not be convenient for them to exercise such rights. In Africa generally and in particular Nigeria, the issue of IDPs has become a common phenomenon and of great concern to both the government and voluntary organizations. This paper which will concentrate on Nigeria will examine the causes of displacement of people in Nigeria, the efforts made by the Government as well as legal/institutional framework for the protection of IDPs, and how far the efforts of Government have helped in alleviating the plight of IDPs. Some recommendations are made as part of the concluding remarks.

Allergic reactions raise the utmost concern to health care practitioners in all fields of expertise. Nickel allergy can be seen occasionally in orthodontic patients as nickel is a component of the majority of orthodontic alloys. The objective of this review was to discuss the prevalence of nickel hypersensitivity reactions, compare the nickel ion release during orthodontics treatment and possible alternative treatment options available for patients with a nickel allergy. Further prospective researches with large sample sizes are required to improve the quality of evidence.