Background: The genetic diseases that are known to be accompanied with congenital malformations are often not well understood and has an element of surprise attached to it unless proved otherwise as seen in some familial cases. The raw emotions that run in the family of having a new guest, comes to a sudden halt. As the stakes are high and such cases should always be diagnosed as soon as possible a sincere attempt is being made in this study to understand the pre-natal diagnosis using the USG. Methods: Nine hundred twenty one patients records of scanning were observed out of which thirty patients who were diagnosed to have some malformations in USG scanning are reported. This study is done in the Department of OBG, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. Results: Out of the observed 921 patients thirty was observed to have congenital anomalies. Conclusion: USG is able to detect the anomaly and is the gold standard for screening the patients

Vertebral hydatid cysts are found in <1% of all cases of hydatidosis. This localization has an infiltrative malignant nature, affecting the vertebral body with possible extension in the epidural space. Primary extradural hydatid cyst of the spine without any other systemic involvement is extremely rare entity. We report a case in young a man and we review different aspect of this pathology.

Background: The extraction of the mandibular third molars is one of the most commonly performed dentoalveolar procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery and it is often associated with varying degree of postoperative discomfort. Pain, swelling and trismus are the most common postoperative complaints. These discomforts greatly influence the quality of life of the patients in the days after the dental procedure. Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of various analgesics namely paracetamol, ketorolac, ibuprofen, tramadol and diclofenac in one, three and five days of the postoperative administration of the analgesics. Methodology: In the present study, twenty five systemically healthy male subjects were included who were undergoing non-surgical extraction of mandibular third molar due to grossly decayed tooth. The subjects were divided into five groups with five subjects in each group according to the analgesic they had received postoperatively; namely paracetamol, ketorolac, ibuprofen, tramadol and diclofenac. Pain was assessed by using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) respectively on one, three and five days of administration of analgesics postoperatively. A data was collected on the respective days. The recorded data was tabulated and analyzed accordingly. As the data for this study were collected at different time points, analysis for the longitudinal study was done. Result: The outcome of the present study revealed that the efficiency of all the analgesics was almost similar with a sound management of acute postoperative pain. According to results, ketorolac has shown a relatively better effect on the pain control after one day of administration of the drug. After three days of administration of the drugs, the efficacy of all the analgesics except that of paracetamol was almost similar and the efficiency of all the analgesics was equal after the five days as all them could control the pain successfully and there was no pain experienced by any the patients after five days of the dental procedure. Moreover, the non- NSAID i.e., tramadol also had shown similar efficiency as that of NSAIDs. Thereby, in the present study, the analgesics have shown almost equal efficacy at different time points. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the efficiency of all the analgesics included in the present study and they were able to alleviate the postoperative pain evaluated at different point of time.

Lophira lanceolata is a plant is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of dermatosis, toothache, muscular tiredness and menstruel pain. This research was aimed at evaluating the in-vitro antifungal potential of different extracts and fractions of Lophira lanceolata stem-bark. The stem bark of the plant was collected, air-dried, powdered and extracted with methanol, ethanol and aqueous solvents using maceration method. The crude methanol extract (CME) was fractionated into n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EF), n-Butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) portions and were tested against pathogenic fungus strains namely; Aspergillus Niger, Candida albican, Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Trichophyton rubrum. The agar well – diffusion methods were used to determine the diameter of the zones of inhibition using 96 wells micro titer plates. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration were also determined. The methanol extract was found to be more effective against fungi tested, ethanol and aqueous extract which showed moderate effect against the test organisms. The methanol extract was found to be inhibitorier compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts. The results obtained revealed that, stem bark of Lophira lanceolta may contain phytochemicals that possesses antifungal activity

The cervix is the most common site for genital tract infections and a target for viral, chemical carcinogens, which leads to invasive carcinoma. Infections are the most common complaints in gynecological practice. With the advent of new drugs for infectious diseases, the emphasis has moved to chronic diseases such as malignant diseases which are becoming important cause of death. The objective of this study was to compare the visual inspection of acetic acid test qualities with Pap smear and biopsy. Out of 500 cases, majority of the cases (232) were Negative for Intra-epithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 126 cases were normal smears, 16 cases were Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), 75 cases were Low-grade Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesion (LSIL), 37 cases were High-grade Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesion (HSIL), 14 were carcinoma of the cervix. Pap smears are required not only for the diagnosis and management of the malignant lesions but it is also helpful in identifying the infectious etiologies and treatment in developing countries. They need to be correlated with histopathology for further management. In developing countries, where it is not feasible to introduce pap smear screening of acceptable quality, VIA is alternative low cost method for cervical screening.

This paper with use descriptive-analytic method intends to explain spatial injustice in Iran. Spatial injustice refers to the imbalanced distribution of valuable political, social and economic power, wealth, infrastructures and opportunity resources. From political geography point of view, spatial injustice can be a threat to the national integrity, national & domestic security and creation of critical areas in the state. Spatial injustice is an important feature of spatial organization in Iran, which is formulated on a core-periphery structure from the local to national scale. This paper seek to address the following questions: what are the effective factors in spatial injustice in Iran? What are the consequences of spatial injustice on Iran? The results show that the most important foundations of spatial injustice in Iran are inequality in the distribution of power, wealth and opportunity resources, weakness of the budgeting system, weakness of management of regional and local systems, the absence of spatial justice as a general demand and institutionalized centralization.Spatial injustice, on one hand, endangers peace and stability of the country and threatens legitimacy of the political system on the other hand. Issues such as divergence, armed conflict, drugs, terrorism are the main reflections of spatial injustice that Iran is involved on the national scale.

The purpose this study was to determine the influence of organizational culture and organizational commitment on the quality of accounting information and impact on financial accountability. Good or bad company's decision-making comes from accounting information quality, to generate highly qualified accounting information it influenced by independent variable in the organization. Quality information significantly improve decision-making better, but it doesn’t mean the quality information is automatically guarantee any decision made better, have many organizational culture and organizational commitment on the quality of accounting information and impact on financial accountability. Many factors to be study; the biggest factor is humans. The samples in this study were determined by using purpose method of 31 private companies where the location is in South Kalimantan, Region of Tanah Bumbu Indonesia. This study wants on answer the following questions: are the organizational culture and organizational commitment influence on the quality of accounting information and impact on financial accountability.The results of this study , showed that the organizational culture, organizational commitment will not influence on accounting information quality and the quality of accounting information have impact on financial accountability.

Over time, many buildings and structures are exposed to defects such as corrosion of reinforcing steel in different parts of the concrete structure, so it is necessary to repair them directly in order to maintain the sustainability of these structures. The corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the main causes of premature deterioration, which reduces service life in reinforced concrete structures. This increases the maintenance and repair costs of reinforced concrete structures. In reinforced concrete structures corrosion of steel in a normal state is a very slow process. Accelerated corrosion techniques are generally used in the laboratory to simulate natural corrosion. The aim of this research is to study the protection of reinforcing steel in the concrete from corrosion using accelerated corrosion methods. The objective of this study is to analyze the protection of steel reinforcement in concrete from corrosion using zinc and its effects on steel samples. In this study two types of reinforcing steel (mild & tor steel) are used and each type of steel is coated with protective paint. Mix design was done using ACI method for C30 grade of concrete and four slab samples (300mm × 300mm × 40mm) were cast with steel rebar. In this research a constant current of 0.8 ampere was applied on the steel bar and the reduction in weight of steel bar before and after corrosion was observed. The results show that samples with coating undergoes less corrosion compared to samples without coating in both mild steel and tor steel specimen.

Summary: Mental health protection is a special area of interest for lawyers, ethicists and doctors. He directly refers to such special topics as: compulsory treatment of the patient, use of direct coercion towards the sick person and incapacitation. Psychiatry is inevitably combined in its activities with the law. When undertaking forced actions, it is necessary to analyze the patient's situation. This analysis applies not only to the health sphere. It also refers to the assessment of the level of respect for human rights. The law on mental health protection has been in force in Poland for 25 years. The indicated act was changed several times. These activities were aimed at increasing the level of protection of human rights. Over the past months, unanswered questions and challenges have emerged. They concern the situation of people leaving prison. In the last months, it turned out that the Polish system of mental health protection does not take into account the situation of former prisoners. Is it possible to force a given person to heal? How to deal with a situation in which a person leaving a prison does not want to be treated psychiatrically? What to do if the person is in danger? The presented article aims to show important gaps in the Polish system of forensic psychiatry. A new draft of changes to Polish law will also be shown. It concerns the situation of people leaving prison: those who have been diagnosed with mental disorders. It will be subjected to a preliminary analysis.

As the National Book Award winner of America in 2013, The Good Lord Bird plays an important role in depicting the inner world of ordinary people, especially slaves. The young slave narrator, Henry Shackleford recreates John Brown's raids on Harpers Ferry on the eve of the American Civil War. His role changes and choices in his life reflect the identical dilemma and awakening of the black slaves in that era. Based on Ethical Literary Criticism, this paper displays Henry’s identical dilemma in The Good Lord Bird from two aspects of gender dilemma and social dilemma. It explores reasons for Henry’s dual identical dilemmas and the ethical choices, which is to be a girl in bondage or a boy in freedom. Therefore, this paper reveals the inefficiency and blindness of the black slave's ethical choices in the context of slavery, representing the loneliness and alienation faced by the black slaves on the eve of American Civil War. It awakens people to recognize the hypocrisy and evilness of Slavery, and makes human beings re-examine history, giving important enlightenment to American racial issues.

This study analyzes the influence of profitability, leverage and CEO narcissism on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. This study uses secondary data, which is obtained from the company's annual report through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange, www.idx.co.id and www.sahamok.com. The companies taken in this study were 41 out of 145 companies conducted by purposive sampling and the number of observations made during 2013-2017 so that the number of observations was 205 samples. Data were analyzed using analysis with SPSS 25. The study stated that profitability, leverage and CEO narcissism variables had a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance.

Background: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death world-wide despite the vigorous campaigns that have been made to combat them. This has been occasioned by drastic growth of drug resistant pathogens. Plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source of medicines and a further exploration of plant antimicrobials is called for. Plant extracts have led to the discovery of many clinically useful drugs such as emetine, berberines and quinine. There is a continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action for new and re-emerging infectious diseases. Therefore, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to exploring untapped opportunities of natural products, looking for new leads to develop better drugs against microbial infections and other diseases. The objective of the study is to determine In-vitro antibacterial activity of different extracts and fractions of Lophira lanceolata plant. In this study, the plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against selected strains of bacteria, including Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphycoccus aureus). The diameter zone of inhibition was determined using agar well diffusion method. Ethanol extract was found to have the highest activity while aqueous extract has the least against the tested strains. The n-hexane, ethylacetate and residual aqueous fraction have no activity whereas the n-butanol fraction has activity. The MIC of ethanol extract was found to be inhibitorier than methanol and aqueous extracts. The MBC of the extracts revealed that methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts are bactericidal on one or more organisms while n-butanol fraction is bacteriostatic to all test strains at the concentration used. Conclusion: Conclusively, the stem-bark of Lophira lanceolata possessed in-vitro antibacterial activity with highest active observed in ethanol extract.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most widely spread and costly medical complications of pregnancy, occurring in nearly 20% of all pregnancies. Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of UTI among pregnant women and risk factors in Derna city during 2017 – 2018. Results: A total of 140 pregnant women were recruited in this study. The mean age of pregnant women was 28.24±5.6 ranges from 17 to 49 years old. The prevalence of urine tract infection was 49.3% (69 of 140), 66 (47.1 %) of them had urine tract infection symptoms. More than half of the women were in second trimester (53.6%), 70% were multi-gravid and 55% had previous history of urine tract infection. A total of six bacteria species were isolated and identified, Staphylococcus aureus was more frequently isolated (55.9%), following by E. Coli (17.6). Conclusion: Urine tract infection is commonly encountered in pregnant women, Regular antenatal care including routine urine testing at every visit to detect and treat asymptomatic bacteriuria is recommended. Patients should be taught proper urine sampling techniques of clean catch mid stream urine. Positive samples should be sent for sensitivity and appropriate antibiotic use according to tested sensitivities

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture causes degradation of soil and vegetation health. The consistent use of such agrochemical products shows harmful impacts on the environment. Therefore, urgent needs an eco-friendly substance which replace the chemical fertilizers. Thus, in the present study, the main objective was to evaluate the effect of fly ash to improve the growth and the management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of carrot (Daucus carota L.). A greenhouse experiment was conducted to observe the effect of different levels of fly ash concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% w/w) with normal agriculture soil on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and against to disease intensity of nematode. Plant growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments were increased significantly from 10% to 30% fly ash levels as compared to control (0% fly ash). Maximum growth and photosynthetic pigments were found at 30% level of fly ash. But at higher levels of fly ash (40% and 50%), plant growth was reduced significantly. However, in the experiment of nematode management the number of galls, egg masses and eggs/egg mass gradually suppressed as the levels of fly ash increased from 10% to 50% and promote the growth of plant at 30% concentration of fly ash as compared to untreated inoculated control (0% fly ash with nematode).

Keywords: Takotsubo syndrome, cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial, statins, acquired.