The purpose of this study is to analyse and compare the alignments of the Myanmar and the South Australian high-school physics curricula in relation to their respective learning objectives, learning outcomes and examinations. In both instances curricula from the completing year of high-school are examined: the Grade 10 Physics curriculum in Myanmar, and the Year 12 Physics curriculum in South Australia. 2018 materials, those most recently available, have been used for both Myanmar and South Australia. A slightly modified Porter’s alignment model is used to analyse curriculum alignment with objectives and assessment. The Myanmar physics curriculum demonstrated an alignment index with outcomes and examination of 0.58 and in the case of South Australia, the alignment index was 0.53. Both alignment indices were significantly lower than the critical values (0.839) and (0.884) at the 0.05 level. Most objectives and questions over-represented lower level cognitive skills. In Objectives: Remember (35%) and Understand (51%) for Myanmar, and Understand (54%) and Apply (31%) for South Australia; in Examinations, Remember (49%) and Apply (33%) in Myanmar and Understand (24%) and Apply (49%) in South Australia. Concerns are raised over diminished expectations of, and for, student success and discussion given on issues of validity in learning outcomes and assessments. Recommendations are then made to adjust and improve the alignment of materials used the two contexts of physics instruction.

The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this study. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.

This article reflects on our experience of using participatory development processes to strengthen business practices of fish farmers in Western Uganda. We aimed to empower the fish farmers through collective participation so that they become critically aware of the realities that impeded the development of their fish farming enterprises, a process in Freirian terms described as conscientisation. We reflect on the challenges we encountered in our effort to foster participation and consequently conscientisation of the fish farmers, and the considerations that are important to make, when carrying out participatory agricultural development projects. We ask ourselves: how far did we go in achieving our avowed aim of engendering collective farmer participation. To what extent did we achieve an effective participatory agriculture development practice? We focus our reflection on our efforts at fostering collective participation in doing farmer participatory market research. We begin by exploring the literature related to the meaning of participatory development and conscientisation on one hand and the complexity of achieving community participation on other. We then explicate our effort at engendering participation during the farmer participatory market research process. We conclude the article with a critical reflection on our practice.

Euthanasia is one of the very significant bioethical issue that has been widely developed in a complex way line with the medical advancement, biotechnology, intensive care unit as well as the medical technology. The essential of science and technology in medical today towards human cannot be denied which not only help in treatment to cure any disease but also able to identify any illness effectively and accurately through diagnosis. However, what raises the question is when euthanasia is considered as an easy, silent and less painful way to terminate the pain that has been borne by the incurable patients. The compassion and the right to die is one of the strong excuses to enable euthanasia to be practiced by the Western. Hence, the objective of this research is to explain the concept of euthanasia practice and the Islamic approach towards the purity of life. This is a qualitative study that uses the document analysis. The finding from the study shows that there are differences in the practice of euthanasia from the Western and Islamic perception. Islam believes that euthanasia opposed the concept of natural death and against the human nature.

Background: The literature local venture out; 1) l to migration of talent from universities and emergent, stay in universities and developed talents return to his alma mater; 2) acculturation, multiculturalism and interculturality as management systems for the expulsion and reception of migrants; 3) the adaptation of migrant workers and the assimilation and selection of talents, as well as the identity in both; 4) the inexorability between community worker entrepreneurship and academic talent entrepreneurship. Objective: Specify a model of local entrepreneurship based on a review and discussion of theoretical, conceptual and empirical frameworks related to the migration of workers and talents. Method: A documentary study was conducted with a selection of indexed sources during the period from 2010 to 2019 in repositories in Latin America. Results: The model specified included after hypothesis of correlational trajectories between the assimilation, selectivity and identity variables reviewed in the state of knowledge. Discussion: From the approaches of acculturation, multiculturalism and interculturality, the inclusion of explanatory variables of equitable relations between economic, political and social actors is noted. Conclusion: The specification of the model can only be checked if it is possible to observe inter-culturalism in the public policies of micro-financing of entrepreneurial projects for local development.

Controlled animal experiment was done at Department of Pharmacology, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital after getting permission from institutional animal ethics committee to find out a drug with good analgesic & safety profile for long term use in high risk population like hepatic, cardiac, hypertensive, diabetic patients. Flupirtine maleate, Tramadol hydrochloride and Paracetamol these three compounds have known analgesic property of their own and they are relatively safe than NSAIDS and opioids. Conventional Hot plate and Tail flick methods were used to access the analgesic effects of drugs. Total number of 36 screened Swiss albino mice were taken in the experiment. Mices were divided into six groups from Ato F with six mices in each group, where A is the control, B,C,D,E,F are the flupirtine(B), tramadol(C), paracetamol(D), combined half(E) and comboned full doses(F) of these three drugs. Result were noted at 20, 60 and 90 minutes intervals. Analgesic effects between these groups were compaired and p value were extracted. All the drugs individually as well as in combinations with their half and full doses showed an increase reaction time in comparison with control. Combinations in half and full doses also showed more nalgesic property than individual drugs. So, we may conclude that combination of flupirtine, tramadol and paracetamol have supra additive analgesic effects.

Methanol leaf extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was investigated for phytochemical compositions, antioxidants, antimicrobial and safety profile. The antibacterial study was carried out using agar well diffusion method, while antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2, 2′- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. A total of fifteen rats were divided into three groups (5 rats each) and were given 0, 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt of the extract orally for 28 days. Results revealed that tannins (24.72±0.36 g) is the most abundant phytochemicals followed by phenols (6.01±0.89 mg/g) while alkaloid (0.19±0.67 mg/g) was the least. Extract demonstrated antioxidant activities with IC50 of the 244.98±5.24 µg/mL and 462.755 ± 6.98 µg/mL in DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. The extract inhibited the bacteria growth with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values ranged between 7.5-60 μg mL–1 and 60-12 μg mL–1 respectively. The concentrations of albumins, bilirubins sodium, potassium, creatinine, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not significantly (p>0.05) altered by the extract. Urea concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher while proteins were lower in rats treated with 500 mg/kg bw of the extract. Methanol extract of E. camaldulensis could be considered as a cheap source of effective and safe herbal remedy with potential candidate for the development of a new drug.

The nose is the central element of the face and has well defined racial, sexual and environmental characteristics and differences. Anthropometric analysis in the context of each patient’s ethnic heritage forms the basis of an excellent result in rhinoplasty. Caucasian parameters have served as endpoints for nasal aesthetic and reconstructive surgery for centuries. As more non-Caucasians seek these surgeries, it has become evident that using a set of parameters cannot account for the great variability noted in people especially Africans. The objective of this study was to develop a reference for Ibibio nasal parameters which will guide reconstructive and aesthetic surgery and compare this with other ethnic groups in Nigeria and with other races. This was a prospective cross sectional community based study involving 200 males and 200 females aged 18-60 years, of Ibibio ethnic group in Akwa Ibom State, with no facial anomalies or history of facial surgery. Measurements were made with digital calipers and goniometers. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20, independent t-test used to assess sexual dimorphism with significance level of p<0.05. The nasal parameters assessed for males and females were: Nasal length(46.4±1.7mm and 46.1±1.6mm), Nasal width (44.1±1.6mm and 41.2±1.3mm), Nasal index (95.2±3.2 and 89.6±3.4), Ear length/Nasal length ( 0.8±0.5 and 0.8±0.1); Nasal width/intercanthal distance (1.2±0.0 and 1.2±0.0); Nasal width/Mouth width (0.8 and 0.8±0.1); Neoclassical cannons assessed as follows: Nasoaural Canon IV fits 6% males and 4.5% females, Naso-occular canon V was the least frequently validated, and fits 2.5% males and 3% females, Naso-oral Canon VII was most frequently validated and fits 13.5% males and 8% females. Ibibio nose is predominantly platyrrhine.

The aim of this study was to investigate, in a descriptive , argumentative and chronological methodology, about the positive relationship between teaching or using English poetry as an instructional source and the teaching-learning of different language skills such as reading, listening, speaking, and writing as well as other language sub skills such as pronunciation, grammar, structure, and vocabulary. Accordingly, this study is oriented towards answering the following two questions: 1. Is there any positive relationship between teaching or using English poetry as an instructional source and the teaching-learning of different language skills such as reading, listening, speaking, and writing as well as other language sub skills such as pronunciation, grammar, structure, and vocabulary? 2. What is the status of teaching or using English poetry as an instructional source in ELT? To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher carried out a panoramic chronological review of some of the findings of previous related literature in order to draw an explanatory and argumentative line of understanding in regard to the aim and questions of this study. Findings of this study indicate that poetry can gain an effective place, as a reliable and adaptable source, in the language teaching methodology and ELT classroom. Findings of this study, in accordance with previous literature, also indicate that the teaching or using English poetry, as an instructional source for the teaching and learning English language skills and sub skills, is either neglected or avoided by teachers and students of both native and foreign settings. Conclusions of this study, based on previous literature and findings of this study, indicate that a positive relationship between teaching or using English poetry as an instructional source and the teaching-learning of different language skills such as reading, listening, speaking, and writing as well as other language sub skills such as pronunciation,

The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence for the relationship between personality disorders (PDs), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and other anxiety disorders different from OCD (non-OCD) symptomatology. Method: The sample consisted of a group of 122 individuals divided into three groups (41 OCD; 40 non-OCD, and 41 controls) matched by sex, age, and educational level. All the individuals answered the IPDE questionnaire and were evaluated by means of the SCID-I and SCID-II interviews. Results: Patients with OCD and non-OCD present a higher presence of PD. There was an increase in cluster C diagnoses in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between them. Conclusions: Presenting anxiety disorder seems to cause a specific vulnerability for PD. Most of the PDs that were presented belonged to cluster C. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is the most common among OCD. However, it does not occur more frequently among OCD patients than among other anxious patients, which does not confirm the continuum between obsessive personality and OCD. Implications for categorical and dimensional diagnoses are discussed.

Reconnaissance exploration for ore mineralization in Kaiama and environ have been carried out using integrated geological mapping and geochemical survey of soils, stream sediments and exposure of pegmatite/quartz veins. This was done in order to define the ore forming elements distribution and recognising type and area of possible mineralization in Kaiama and environ.. Eighteen samples were collected and analyzed for major and trace elements by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) methods. Petrological description of thin sections of rocks was also carried out under the petrological microscope.The rocks underlying Kaiama consist of amphibolites, mica schists and granites along with fracture controlled mostly sheared mineralised pegmatite and quartz veins The fractured filled veins mainly trend NW-SE, NNE-SSW and E-W, N-S as to compare closely to the general trend of structures resulting from Pan-African orogeny. The mineralisation notably includes columbite-tantalite, rutile, cassiterites, ilmenites, wolframites, gold and gem stones. Geochemically, the trace elements concentrations shows significant anomalous concentrations of Sn, S, Ti, W, Au, Cu, Ti and Nb in the soil and stream sediments and Sn, W, and Nb in the veins. In addition, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Sb, Mo, V, As, Pb, Rb occurs in less significant anomalous concentrations in all the geologic media. The anomalous magnitude however decreases from soil to stream sediments and least in the veins. Further exploration work should be concentrated on soils and stream sediments towards delineating the possible ore deposit in the area of Kaiama and environs.

Background: Rhesus incompatibility is a preventable cause for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, hydrops fetalis and still births. The prevalence of the Rh-negative blood group among Indian woman varies from 2%-5%. Despite declining the incidence of Rhesus incompatibility, due to availability of anti-D immunoglobulin, and improved antenatal care of the Rh-negative pregnant woman, it still accounts for a significant proportion of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and morbidity. Objectives: To study the perinatal outcome in Rhesus negative Pregnancies. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Women with Rh Negative Blood group admitted for delivery were enrolled. Baby’s Blood Group, Birth weight, TSB levels, duration of phototherapy or exchange transfusion, duration of NICU admission, and other investigations were recorded in a predesigned, pretested proforma. Conclusion: Over the 20th century, Rh isoimmunization was clinically recognized, its pathophysiology was understood, its treatment was established, and preventive measures were created to eliminate it. Awareness should be increased amongst health care providers regarding RAADP and prophylaxis after MTP, abortion, ectopic pregnancy in Rh negative blood group, and importance of Antenatal Care and importance of Rh typing in pregnancy.

Rosuvastatin is regularly recommended for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and applies its impact through focused collection in the liver. Current dosing rules show no inclination for sustained or fasted rosuvastatin organization. In this investigation, lower plasma level was noted in mice with nourishment 2 hours after an oral rosuvastatin portion, while liver fixation was unaffected. We presume that taking an oral portion with nourishment rather than on an unfilled stomach, don’t fundamentally influence the cholesterol-bringing down limit of rosuvastatin. Since a typical unfavorable occasion noted with statin treatment is muscle torment/harm related with high coursing statin levels, our discoveries can possibly fill in as a novel and basic system for relieving statin myopathy hazard.

This study aims to find out about: 1) the impact of perceived usefulness on user satisfaction, 2) the impact of perceived ease of use on user satisfaction, 3) the impact of service quality on user satisfaction, 4) the impact of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, 5) the impact of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on user satisfaction simultaneously. This is a quantitative research with parents from Ignatius Slamet Riyadi Karawang Elementary School as the population. The population of 300 people is narrowed down to 171 people as a sample using Quota Sampling and the Slovin formula. The data analysis with multiple linear regression shows that: 1) perceived usefulness has a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction, 2) perceived ease of use has a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction, 3) service quality has a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction, 4) perceive ease of use has a positive and significant impact on perceived usefulness, 5) perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a positive and significant impact on user satisfaction simultaneously.