Grasscutters are currently being explored as laboratory models for scientific researches. The aim of the study was to Identify and localize Nissl bodies in neurons of the cervical spinal cord segments of grasscutters using cresyl fast violent (CFV) stains and to further measure the neuronal sizes of both anterior and posterior horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord. Six grasscutters comprising of three males and three females were utilized for the study. The studies were done using light microscopically methods. The animals were sacrificed by the method of decapitation and spinal cord was removed by splitting the vertebrae. The segments were fixed, processed, sectioned and stained with CFV for detailed studies of the spinal cord segments of the grasscutter. The result of the present study showed that the gray matter was stained dark purple due to the abundant presence of Nissl bodies in the neuronal cell bodies while the outer zone of white matter stained relatively lighter due to the presence of nerve fibers in the region. The result of the histometrical studies of cell areas in the anterior horn has the mean average of 2.56± 0.13 and the largest cell sizes of the cervical spinal cord was recordedin the anterior horn to be in 6.36± 0.16 while the posterior horn has the smallest cells with mean values of 3.86± 0.24. These findings can be useful in understanding the biology of the rodent.

Zanthoxylum budrunga is a tree worthy of investigation due to its many reported phytoconstituents and properties of rich medicinal value. A comprehensive study on the fruits, stems, and leaves of Z. budrunga was carried out to find out and assess the blood glucose lowering capacity as well as antioxidant potential. In vivo Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and in vitro 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging methods were applied to assess the hypoglycemic and antioxidant potentials of the plant extracts. Methanolic extract of Z. budrunga fruits (MZBF), methanolic extract of Z. budrunga stems (MZBS), and methanolic extract of Z. budrunga leaves (MZBL) showed graded dose-response relationship in OGTT. Most potent blood sugar level reduction was at the highest dose of 400mg/kg body weight with the values of 44.26%, 39.61%, and 36.98% for MZBF, MZBS, and MZBL respectively. Also MZBF, MZBS, and MZBL showed synergistic action with Glibenclamide with the value of 50.34, 43.02, and 45.11% blood glucose reduction, respectively. Comparative order of antioxidant activity was as fruits (IC50 30.6 ppm)>leaves (IC50 68.38 ppm)>stems (IC50 126.83 ppm) where ascorbic acid (IC50 0.17 ppm) was used as standard. The results indicate that Z. budrunga fruits, stems, and leaves have the potential to be used in hyperglycemic condition as folk medicine. Besides these, fruits and leaves may be used as functional food and preventive medicine for oxidative stress disorders like aging-induced disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, liver diseases, cancer etc.

Introduction: The mean of patient’s length of stay in the Emergency Department is considered to manage the patient’s crowing. This paper measures the length of stay and factors that could potentially influence on patient’s stay in emergency department. Objective(s): To reduce length of stay and early disposition of patient in in patient area for continuity of care. Design: Prospective study design used and evaluate intervention to improve patient safety. Settings: Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital Lahore Pakistan Methodology: By using the change theory of management we identify the factors which impact on Length of stay Educate and motivate staff, we developed and implemented Nurse physician hand over checklist as well as developed LOS tool in emergency, furthermore staff reviewed patient and gave reminder to consultant a fro early bed vacation. Moreover we empowered our nursing staff. Results: After implementation of kut Lewis model, there is huge fluctuation in the graph through march 2018 to January 2019 and it significantly increased in the month of February 2019 and the emergency length of stay dropped from 4.1 to 5 hours after we reviewed our process, retrained staff in the month of February after training and followup results dropped dramatically to 3 hours by March until April 2019. Conclusion: In conclusion, all factors directly impact on patient length of stay for this purpose management developed some strategies against this to overcome this issue. These strategies really help especially the bed management team played very important role on it.

Objectives: Carcinoma of the breast has commanded the interest of all the disciplines of medicine by magnitude and serious consequences of the lesion. In India the incidence of the disease is low in comparison to western countries. Cancer of the breast is the commonest cancer - affecting woman worldwide. The objective of this study is to determine the relative frequency of genetic abnormality in cases of Breast carcinoma. Methods: The present study includes observations of 25 cases diagnosed as breast carcinoma from Gujarat cancer and research institute and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, during the year of 2014-15. About 30 metaphase plates were observed in each case and finally, a photograph was obtained from a good quality metaphase slide. Correlation of chromosomal finding was done with similar studies done in past. Results: The findings in present study suggest no structural and/or numerical chromosomal abnormality was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes of any patients. Conclusion: The Karyotypic study helps to find out some numerical as well as structural chromosomal abnormalities and also useful in implementing a cost effective management of detecting early breast cancer in family members and to provide them with necessary preventive measures and treatment.

Background: Despite of sufficient and stable sunny conditions across the equatorial countries, there has been a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pregnancy. The reasons for increased prevalence of VDD are increased time spent indoors, dark skin, and adoption of covered clothing due to religious & cultural reasons, low socio-economic status that leads to chronically poor diet. The present study was undertaken to find Vitamin D deficiency in the pregnant women of North East India and to find the adverse feto-maternal outcomes associated with VDD. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, and India over a period of one year. Sample size was 150 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Results: Out of 150 pregnant women 66 (44%) had deficient, 41 (27.3%) had insufficient and 43 (28.7%) had sufficient vitamin D levels. VDD was seen in extremes of age groups i.e. group ≤ 20 years and 31- 35 years. Multiparity and low socio-economic status was associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, no association was found between VDD and religion (Hindu & Muslim). There was significant association between Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and occurrence of gestational hypertensive diseases and low birth weight babies. Rate of primary caesarean section was significantly high in vitamin D deficient women. No association was found between VDD and PROM/PPROM, preterm births, gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal jaundice.

The global economy world has changed rapidly due to the rise of economic and technological variations featured by the incremental global competition which has made the directors of firms more accountable in carrying out their operations. Financial Decision making is one of the significant roles played by the organization management. Making decisions sheds lights on the whole financial affairs. This is not exceptional in working capital Decisions. Designing and developing working capital supervision influence the improvement of the firms’ operations. This study intends to find empirical evidence about the influence of working capital supervision on the performance of the firm. The performance evaluation measures include distinguished economic value added and market value added. In doing so, a sample composed of the firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for a five year period including 2013 to 2018 has to be considered. The regression results will be present that there is no significant relationship between working capital supervision and supervised economic value added. However, the variables of working capital supervision and market value added are significantly associated. As a whole, the managers might enhance the firm’s financial performance through declining the liquidity cycle.

Colonic obstruction due to sigmoid colon volvulus during pregnancy is a rare but complication with significant maternal and fetal mortality. That requires prompt surgical intervention (decompression) to avoid intestinal ischemia and perforation. We report the case of a 38-week pregnant woman with abdominal pain and subsequent development of constipation. Preoperative diagnosis was achieved using ultrasonography: the large bowel distension and a typical whirl sign - near a sigmoid colon transition point - suggested the diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus. The decision to refer the patient for emergency laparotomy was adopted without any ionizing radiation exposure, and the pre-operative diagnosis was confirmed after surgery. Sigmoid volvulus complicating pregnancy is a rare, non-obstetric cause of abdominal pain.

The paper describes the integration of Calvinism with the development of Switzerland. The work will be with the general spatial traffic, historical and linguistic features of the Swiss Confederation, to show the development of Calvinism and Protestantism in Switzerland. Swiss reformist movement took the final victory in 1541, and with the agreement of Zurich Calvinism is accepted throughout the protestant Switzerland. Many Swiss believe that today’s wealth of the Swiss credited exactly Calvin's doctrine. Reducing life as a means of justification to God, which is strongly promoted by the Catholic Church, is not only completely worthless, but also very selfish and harmful as it leaves the duties of this world. For its part, the marvelous work promoted by Calvin's doctrine seems to be the external expression of love toward the neighbor and loyalty to the homeland, but to God. The paper will also show the data of the average GDP per capita in Swiss cantons and compare them with the religious composition from 2013, with the assumption that because of the work ethic Protestants are those cantons in which the leading Protestant population will be better off than those in which leads Roman-Catholic religion.

Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental anomaly which involves the replacement of normal medullary space by abnormal fibrous osseous tissue in the affected bone. It has been reported to cause increased rate of bone resorption and bone refilling has been observed in <50% of the defect. Patients with fibrous dysplasia can have periodontitis which is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth with classic signs of periodontal pockets, recession or both. The goal of periodontal therapy is to thoroughly debride the periodontal pockets so as to prevent further damage to the surrounding bone and regenerate the lost periodontal structures. However, the treatment of periodontitis subjects with fibrous dysplasia is unpredictable and hence possesses a greater challenge for the clinician. This is a first report of its kind in the literature. This case report presents a 32year old patient with monostotic fibrous dysplasia having periodontitis and was treated by non surgical periodontal therapy which include scaling, root planning and curettage with soft tissue LASER as a non-invasive treatment modality. Laser assisted periodontal therapy resulted in resolution of the periodontal pocket as well as significant radiographic bone fill at the end of 6month recall visit.

The Treasury Single Account (TSA) was recently implemented fully in the Nigerian economy by the present government in order to ensure prudence and probity in the management of financial resources. With the TSA government expects to block all loopholes and leakages of financial resources of the government and also ensure a robust financial management system. Mismanagement of public funds, corruption and other financial irregularities has been described as the greatest challenges of our time and their prevalence in governance has been identified as one major obstacle militating against rapid growth and development. TSA is a unified structure of government bank accounts enabling consolidation and optimal utilization of government cash resources. It is a bank account or a set of linked bank accounts through which the government transacts all its receipts and payments and gets a consolidated view of its cash position at any given time. The Federal Government’s directive to all revenue-generating agencies to close their accounts with commercial banks by February 28, 2015 and transfer same into a Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Federation and Treasury Single Account as a new electronic revenue collecting platform implemented recently by President Buhari has continued to generate debate across the country. This study examines the benefits of TSA as a tool for managing Public Finances and benefit government derived in implementing TSA in Nigeria and concludes that, proper implementation of TSA has helped tremendously in curbing mismanagement of Public finances, corruption, block leakages and other financial irregularities in the country.

This study examines the relationship between internal control system and risk assessment in Board of Internal Revenue in Bauchi State. Data were generated with the aid of necessary information collected from the study through the cross sectional survey through the administered of questionnaire. A total population size of 150 were selected and sample size of 109 was determined using Taro Yamane‘s formula at 0.05 level of significance. Also, 109 copies of questionnaire were distributed to the respondents, while 87 copies were completed and retrieved. The instruments were validated with reliability above 0.8 co-efficient, using Cronbach Alpha Technique. six research questions and six hypotheses were raised which was tested with spearman‘s rank order co-efficient of correlation using SPSS 20 version. From the findings, the concept of internal control system creates positive impact on risk assessment and risk financings. In conclusion, internal control system has a significant impact in risk assessment in the Nigerian public sector. Based on the findings and conclusion, it could be recommended that any internal auditor who cannot demonstrate the appropriate skills and knowledge should not undertake work in the area of risk assessment. Furthermore, internal control system should maintain high level of objectivity and independence in carrying out their core function of evaluating and providing management with assurance on risk assessment.

The objective of this study was to empirically analyze the impact of the Nigeria capital market performance and her socio-economic development in the Country. The socio-economic development was proxy by the gross domestic product (GDP). While the capital market variable considered include stock market capitalization (SMC), stock market index (SMI), trade share (TS) and capital market saving ratio (CMRS). To ease understanding, the research is divided into five chapters. The study solely employed secondary source of data collection using the ordinary multiple regression analysis it was found that the capital market indices have not impacted significantly on the GDP. The government therefore advised to out up measures to stem up investors’ confidence and activities in the market performance so that if could contribute significantly to the Nigerian socio-economic development, allocates these funds to projects of best return to fund owners. This allocative function is critical in determining the overall growth and development of the economy. The functioning of the capital market affects liquidity, acquisition of information about firms, risk diversification, savings mobilization and cooperate control. Therefore, by altering the quality of these services, the functioning of stock markets can alter the rate of economic development. Many efforts have been towards understanding the relationship between capital and the economic development of Nigeria. The capital market of every economy is setup for the attainment of specific objective which includes economic growth and stability; Data were collected and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. These include F-test to determine the significance of the individual variables and the second order test, which include test for autocorrelation, normality test and heteroscedasticity. The result of the study shows that the capital market has a positive and significant impact on the country’s economic development. On the strength

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of the doctor competence influence, interpersonal communication, and job satisfaction on the effectiveness of internship programs at the General Hospital in Jambi Province. This research applied a quantitative research with survey method. The sampling technique used probability sampling with a sample of 90 interns. Hypothesis testing used path analysis with significance level ɑ = 0.05. The findings of this study indicated that there were influences both partially and simultaneously: 1). doctor's competence (X1) on the effectiveness of the internship program (X4). 2). interpersonal communication (X2) on the effectiveness of internal programs (X4). 3). job satisfaction (X3) on the effectiveness of internal programs (X4). 4). doctor competence (X1), interpersonal communication (X2), and job satisfaction (X3) on the effectiveness of internal programs (X4). The implication of this study was the competence of the measured intern’s doctor and the factors that influenced it. Factors affecting the performance of interns physicians were gender, intelligence level, graduation time, internship placement, duration of internship, perception of internal living benefits, internal bureaucratic system, internal briefing, internship acceptance, acceptance by the public and ranks in the vehicle, facilities, adaptation , workload, number and type of cases, leave entitlements, Faculty of Medicine curriculum, perception of medical knowledge, public health efforts, role of accompanying physicians, interest in becoming doctors at Puskesmas (Public Health Center), discipline, communication, and choice of actions.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors open a new door for tumor immunotherapy, but it should not be ignored that some tumor patients are still insensitive to this kind of therapy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prognostic value of STK11 mutations in metastatic cancer patients treated with ICIs. Information regarding somatic gene mutations of STK11 and patients’ survival time in advanced cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment was downloaded from the cbioportal database. The prognostic value of STK11 gene mutation was analyzed by Log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The somatic mutation frequencies of STK11 among all patients were 6.14%, and STK11 gene mutations were mainly distributed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The results showed STK11 gene mutation status was associated with shorter survival time, the hazard ratio is1.746 (P <0.0001). The somatic mutations of STK11 were also associated with shorter overall survival in NSCLC patients (P = 0.017). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed STK11 gene mutation was significantly associated with overall survival (HR= 1.567, 95%CI: 1.209-2.029, P= 0.001). The results of this study suggested that STK11 gene mutation could be used as a negative prognostic marker in metastatic cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment.

Cognitive radio is an intelligent network which addresses the availability of radio spectrum in order to enable dynamic spectrum access. This paper is based on engineering model for electromagnetic spectrum, which deals with current scarcity-based regulatory model. It is an intelligent platform through which static frequency allocations can done to dynamic, intelligent, and instantaneous frequency negotiations and assignment. Various detection models were discussed to make the radio spectrum abundance model possible, and a brief discussion on the architecture of mobile network. It was identified as a promising solution to the limit less need of spectrum and the main idea behind is for dynamic access of unused spectrum for communication. Its play a vital role for dynamic utilization of idle spectrum without affecting the rights of primary users, so that the services can be available for different or for other services. In this unused spectrum can be share in order to achieve a prominent goal for avoiding the cost of usage of spectrum. It also helps in improving the utilization of spectrum resources. In order to meet the critical requirements of the fifth generation (5G) mobile network, especially the Wider-Coverage, Massive-Capacity, Massive-Connectivity, and Low-Latency four application scenarios, the spectrum range used in 5G will be further expanded into the full spectrum era, possibly from 3 GHz to 300 GHz.