Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women globally and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Early detection and preventive measures are critical to reducing morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching (VAT) in enhancing knowledge and awareness about breast cancer prevention among housewives in Ghataprabha. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was employed, involving 30 housewives. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire before and after the VAT intervention. Results showed a significant increase in knowledge post-intervention. The pre-test mean score was 13.7 (45.7%), which increased to 16.6 (54.3%) after the intervention. Paired t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement (t = 3.76, p < 0.05). Chi-square analysis found no significant association between pre-test knowledge and demographic variables. The findings suggest that VAT is an effective educational tool for promoting awareness and early prevention of breast cancer among housewives.

This study aimed to investigate the microbiological quality of two marine fishes collected from several local markets in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: Otolithoides pama (Poa fish) and Harpadon nehereus (Bombay duck). The total viable bacterial count ranged from 6.1 × 10² to 4.4 × 10⁵ cfu/g, while coliform counts showed 40 × 10¹ to 2.03 × 10³ cfu/g, and fungal counts showed 2.7 x 10² to 8.6 x 10⁶ cfu/g, indicating high amounts of microbiological contamination from different sources. In addition, the Presence of Vibrio spp. and Staphylococcus aureus was detected, with concentrations ranging from 7.0 × 10¹ to 9.8 × 10⁷ cfu/g. The examination of an Otolithoides pama sample revealed that both species of Shigella and Salmonella occurred TNTC (too numerous to count), thus indicating a source of significant contamination. The discovery of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Providencia alcalifaciens by biochemical characterization further brings public health issues to the foray. Antibiotic test results indicated resistance to several commonly used antibiotics, i.e., co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, which seriously threatens antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food chain. Hence, enhanced hygiene practices, regulatory reinforcement, and the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in fish handling, storage, and transportation are urgently needed to protect consumer safety and minimize public health impacts associated with contaminated seafood.

Increase in microbial resistance of commonly used antibiotics is a major health concern globally this has necessitated researchers to focus on cheaper alternative materials which could perform the role of antibiotics. This study aimed at investigating the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) and exploring the synthesized nanoparticles as sources of antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was tested against ten different bacteria namely; Enterobacter agglumerans, Corynebacterium bovis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The results from this study revealed that four out of the test organisms (S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis) were susceptible to the ZnO nanoparticles. The diameter of the zones of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 14.50 – 25.50 mm. The synthesized nanoparticles showed the highest activity with S. aureus (ZOI = 25.50 mm, followed by B. cereus (22.00 mm), E. coli and B. subtilis (14.50 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results showed that ZnO NPs was most effective against S. aureus and B. cereus at 25% concentration while minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was at 50%. These findings revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles have great potentials for inhibiting clinical isolates; thus, their use as an alternative means for new drug discovery should be encouraged.

The study examined the effect of sulfurization temperature on chemical composition, structural properties and morphological features of CuAlS2 thin films that had been prepared using two – step Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Technique. It was reported that metallic Cu – Al precursor layer first deposited onto soda – lime glass substrates before they were sulfurized and annealed at 573K, 673K, and 773K. The thin films were then characterized by X – ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X – ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to study their crystallographic phase, surface morphology and elemental composition respectively. XRD study disclosed the formation of a chalcopyrite tetragonal CuAlS2 phase with notable variations of crystallinity and lattice parameters as a function of temperature. SEM images revealed that the film morphologies were influenced by sulfurization temperature and EDS analysis suggested non – ideal stoichiometry as a result of incomplete sulfurization at lower temperatures. Overall, the findings highlighted the crucial role of sulfurization temperature in determining material properties. The study also highlighted the potentials of CuAlS2 thin films in optoelectronic devices, particularly solar cells and light- emitting diodes.

The study examined ‘Forest Resources Extraction, Indigenous Livelihood and Sustainability Dilemma in Tropical Africa: Case Study of Akwa Ibom State’ in a bid to restore the forestry sector that is threatened by an alarming rate of deforestation, urban expansion, over-population and high demand for forest based products. 400 copies of questionnaires were administered to respondents in the study area who were farmers, fish processors, canoe builders, fuel wood dealers, timber dealers and furniture designers. Questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews were used in the study for data analysis. Following the interview done as well as the results of questionnaires retrieved from the study area, it was realized that though forest resource extraction was laced with sufficient economic benefits, yet little efforts were made towards re-afforestation and this challenge the sustainability of the forestry sector in the entire state. At field reconnaissance, illegal logging as well as conversion of forested landscape into peasant farmlands/plantation was spotted. Nevertheless, the study recommended that there should be improved legislation in the forestry sector, provision of alternative job to reduce dependence on forest based services, selective logging and primarily mass campaign on re-afforestation in order to stabilize the ecosystem and protect inter-generational utilization of forest-based products.

Orthodontics has witnessed significant advancements in recent decades. One such innovation is the advent of three dimensional (3D) printed aligners, which offer a promising alternative to traditional wire-and-bracket appliances and conventional ready-made or in-house aligners. The aim of this literature review was to critically appraise the available data and information in the literature about the direct printed aligner, its raw material and to compare it with the traditional thermoformed aligners. The research question of the study was what the proprieties are, the mechanical behaviors, the hazards of the resin used, and the aligners fabricated from the direct 3D-printed process compared to the traditional in-office or aligners made by companies. The answers were elaborated according to the PICO method: Problem: the different properties and related challenges of the use of the new materials in orthodontics, Intervention: the new resins used in and aligners produced by direct 3D-printing, Comparison: aligners produced by companies and made in-office with thermoforming, Outcome; Are the new materials used and the process of fabrication advantageous compared to the thermoformed aligners? The analysis of the studied literature showed that 3D direct printed aligners have some promising advantages in comparison with thermoformed aligners. However, studies of high-quality levels are still required to explore more in depth the potential and the limitations of this new way of manufacturing clear aligners.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders, often associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cholinergic dysfunction. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, has been investigated for its potential to mitigate cognitive deficits. This study evaluates the cognitive reinforcement potential of turmeric in colchicine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Methods: Turmeric was extracted using cold extraction with 50% ethanol for maceration with daily agitation for 72 hrs as prescribed by the extraction protocol. Animals (mice) were acclimatized for two weeks at the Behavioural Laboratory and one-week daily cognitive trial using Morris Water Maze model was done. Furthermore, the animals were grouped according to the study design as 1: control-10 ml/kg p.o, 2: colchicine 0.5 mg/kg p.o, 3: colchicine 0.5 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o turmeric, 4: colchicine 0.5 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg p.o turmeric, 5: 1000 mg/kg p.o turmeric, 6: 1 mg/kg p.o donepezil and 0.5 mg/kg p.o colchicine; treated for fourteen(14) days and then the test was conducted for each group using same model. Cognitive function was assessed using standard behavioural paradigm, including the Morris water maze tests. Results: Mice treated with turmeric demonstrated a significant, dose-dependent improvement in cognitive function, with the 1000 mg/kg p.o turmeric group exhibiting the highest recovery. Turmeric administration led to enhanced memory retention, reduced escape latency, and improved discrimination indices, suggesting attenuation of colchicine-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion: These findings support the cognitive reinforcement potential of turmeric, likely mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

UPLC is a modern technique which gives a new direction for liquid Chromatography. UPLC refers to ultra performance liquid chromatography, which enhance mainly in three areas: “speed, resolution, and sensitivity. Ultra Performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) applicable for particles less than 2µm in diameter to acquire better resolution, speed, and sensitivity compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In twenty first centenary pharmaceutical industries are focusing for new ways to in economy and shorten Time for development of drugs. UPLC analysis at the meantime gives the better Quality of their products and analytical laboratories are not exception in this trend. The separation and quantification in UPLC are done under very high pressure (up to 100M Pa). As compared to HPLC, under high pressure it is observed that not any negative influence on analytical columns and other components like Time and solvent consumption is less in UPLC.

Semantic-based image retrieval (SBIR) is a critical challenge at the intersection of natural language processing and computer vision. Traditional retrieval methods primarily depend on metadata annotations or low-level visual feature extraction, often failing to capture user queries' rich contextual and semantic relationships. This study introduces a novel approach that leverages knowledge graphs to enhance SBIR by structuring and representing visual concepts in a more interpretable and relational manner. Specifically, we construct a knowledge graph from the Visual Genome dataset to encode semantic relationships between objects, attributes, and scene compositions. By integrating this knowledge representation into the retrieval process, our approach improves query accuracy, enables more intuitive search mechanisms, and extends the applicability of knowledge graphs in visual information retrieval. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in bridging the semantic gap between textual queries and image content, paving the way for more intelligent and context-aware retrieval systems.

This study investigates how Saudi Arabia's economic diversification objectives under Vision 2030 might be complemented by a specialized seating and positioning solutions industry development. Saudi Arabia now mostly depends on imports for mobility aids, which drives expensive prices and restricted access. Decreasing healthcare costs, local manufacturing, enabling research and development (R&D) and allowing for exports contributes to a robust and globally aligned industry in Saudi. Moreover, the social and economic implications of better mobility solutions also lead to improved productivity in the workplace and a better quality of life. This research highlights the opportunity for a new industry that depends less on oil revenues, generates jobs, and improves health outcomes.

The study examined the contribution of community based natural resources on the socio-economic development of indigenous coastal dwellers in Odukpani LGA, Cross River State. Four hundred copies of questionnaires were administered to the indigenous coastal dwellers including farmers, hunting, fishing and many others. A total of eleven (11) villages naturally endowed with resources were sampled. Adequate consultation with community stakeholders was carried out so as to fully incorporate their opinion into the study. The various community based resources found were sand aggregate, fisheries, wildlife, forest and swamp cultivation. The factors influencing the exploitation of community based resources were not limited to community institutions, poor technology/capital and land tenure. Chisquare was used in testing hypothesis. The result produces Pearson Chi-Square value of 207.162a, and a P-value (2-sided) of 0.000, with implication that, natural resources availability contributed less on the development of Odukpani LGA, Cross River State. Further result produces Pearson Chi-Square value of 219.100a, degree of freedom (df) of 12 and a P-value (2-sided) of 0.000, revealing that community based resource exploitation does not contribute significantly to household income for indigene of Odukpani. During interactive session, it was revealed that resources control is basically in the hands of few and similarly, management practices tends to contradict the principles of sustainable development. Suggestions such as setting up of committees on indigenous people’s rights and development, self-help development, increased political participation and effective implementation of government policy on financial autonomy at grass root level were raised for a transformative community development.

Objective: This review presents a recent progress in the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing to dosimetry in radiation oncology. Methods: A thorough search across four databases identified 601 relevant publications. After removing duplicates using Rayyan QCRI and screening for relevance, 52 full-text articles were reviewed and six met the eligibility criteria for evidence synthesis. Results: The review covered six studies, including 76 cancer patients in total, of whom 52 (68.4%) were females. The studies indicated that 3D-printed boluses improved dose accuracy, skin conformity, and toxicity management during postmastectomy chest wall radiation. For scalp malignancies, integrated bolus/headrests minimized air gaps and enhanced treatment reproducibility. Customized boluses for squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the extremities were adapted to anatomical variations, thereby increasing precision. Tongue immobilization devices reduced mucosal exposure in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, outperforming standard mouthpieces. Patient-specific phantoms refined dose calculations, whereas 3D-printed nose boluses enabled cost-effective, highly controlled nasal cancer treatments with low toxicity. Conclusion: 3D printing is transforming radiation oncology by enhancing precision, personalization, and clinical performance. It addresses key challenges, such as dose conformity, reproducibility, and patient comfort. Despite its limitations, the benefits of 3D printing emphasize its future role as a vital tool in radiation therapy.

This paper examines how traditional design solutions contribute to adapting to the harsh and diverse climatic conditions in Libya, with a focus on coastal, desert, and mountainous environments. The study analyzes the environmental design strategies used in traditional architecture, such as the inner courtyard, the malqaf, and the adjacent building blocks, by studying architectural models in cities such as Tripoli, Ghadames, and Gharyan. The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in improving thermal comfort and reducing the impact of climatic conditions, by comparing different architectural characteristics within an environmental and climatic context.

Culture plays a significant role in the development of the nation. India has rich cultural diversity and plurality, among which traditional game is one that used to occupy much of the leisure time of children and youth. These games are played informally with minimal equipment and infrastructure and with unwritten, simple, and flexible rules. The few popular traditional games in India are Camel Race, Game of Dice, Archery, Bull Race, Buffalo Race, Marbels, Mallakhamb, Kite flying, Hopscotch, Spinning the Top, Boat Race, and Kalaripayattu. Today's fast-paced lifestyle, urbanization, unit families, and popularity of video games are discouraging children from playing outdoor games. Still, these games have enough potential to provide unique opportunities for physical development, amusement, creativity, the transmission of culture, peer group interactions, and overall good life. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the different components of traditional games that develop social and motor skills that may lead to a good life among children. For the collection of data, the present study used primary and secondary sources, which included questionnaires, books, websites, and journals. It was observed that rural children largely engage in traditional games, which are locally organized, and safe. It was noted that many types of traditional games, such as games of physical skill, strategy, memory, rhythmic games, simulation, and verbal games, play an important role in the development of children's minds, cognitive ability and motor skills including balance, coordination and can also develop social skills like collaboration, cooperation, communication, mutual respect, cultural exchange, problem-solving, and overall well-being and healthy Life. UNESCO recognized the Traditional Games as a world intangible cultural heritage. The Association for International Sports for All (TAFISA, Germany) and UNESCO are jointly striving hard to safeguard and promote traditional games across the world. TAFISA adopted a mission in 2018 to create a better world through play by 2030.

Angioleiomyoma is a benign tumor arising from the vascular smooth muscle of the tunica media of the subcutaneous blood vessels, predominantly occurring in the extremities. We report a case of a 36-year-old man presenting with a symptomatic angioleiomyoma located on the dorsal aspect of the left foot. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed following surgical excision. Surgical resection resulted in complete recovery, with total and permanent resolution of symptoms and no recurrence.