The aim of this paper is to examine the state of violation of human rights by crossfire through law enforcing agencies in Bangladesh. Why the protectors become perpetrators has also explored in this paper by highlighting the pattern of violations made by the law enforcing agency and their impact upon the law and order situation in Bangladesh. The law enforcing agencies are mainly responsible for maintaining the law and order, protection of life and property of the citizens and prevention and detection of crime to establish rule of law in a state. However, the violation of human rights by the law enforcing agencies in Bangladesh has been increasing severely for the last few years. The existing legal framework of law enforcing agencies has some limitations and not implemented properly. Some recommendations are put forwarded for the eradication of the pitfalls of security forces which would be helpful for making new policies and laws by the government. As a result, common people interest and rights will be protected and promoted. The paper is qualitative in nature and case study on Bangladesh based on mainly secondary sources of materials.

A clinical study has been carried out (from July to September, 2019) in order to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in horses and donkeys in the Attock region of Punjab-Pakistan. A total of 100 horses (50 stallions and 50 mares) and 100 donkeys (50 jacks and 50 jennets) were examined and T. evansi was searched by the examination of wet blood film and stained thin smears (Giemsa& field staining).Eleven horses (11%, three stallions and eight mares) and 9 donkeys (9%, four jacks and five jennets) were positive respectively. However, further studies and efforts must be done by the society, government and private institutions in order to develop control measures in diseased studs/areas and to avoid dissemination of the disease.

Introduction: As we aim to cater high-quality health-care system to the masses with limited available resources, increased usage of generic medicines can improve affordability of the health care without compromising the quality. The attitude of healthcare providers is a significant challenge towards dealing with the rising healthcare cost. It is during internship that attitudes of future physicians towards prescribing are developed. Data regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of intern doctors for the use of generic medicines are lacking. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of intern doctors regarding use of generic medicines at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted after the approval of institutional ethics committee among the intern doctors at tertiary care teaching hospital, who were willing to respond to the study questionnaire were enrolled. The pre-validated questionnaire with 11 questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice were sent to the participants via email. Responses were submitted online and data was analyzed in frequency and percentage.

The liver one of the vital organs of the human body. Its main job is to sieve the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The liver detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines. The liver also makes proteins important for blood clotting and other functions. The present study evaluated the adverse effect on the liver biochemical indices following dermal exposure to nigerian bonny light crude oil (BLCO) on 25 albino whister rats. 10 albino whister rats served as control while 15 albino whister rats were treated and grouped into 3 based on the treatment scheme (1ml, 2ml, and 3ml). The body weight, serum biochemical assays of the liver where evaluated. The result obtained shows that there was an increase in the weight of the control (untreated) (101.20±2.781 and 111.40±2.591) for weight before and after treatment respectively with a statistically significant for the control, while the treated group (BLCO) had a mean of 120.00±10.351 (before treatment) and 106.33±10.431 (after treatment) showing a significant decrease in the weight of the exposed albino whister rats when compared with the control. The biochemical assays shows that ALP increased as the dose increased (1ml) 14.00±0.00, (2ml) 12.80±1.095 and (3ml) 13.40±2.191 respectively when compared with the control. The AST and ALT decreased as the dose increased (1ml) 218.20±25.743, (2ml) 59.80±12.050, and (3ml) 25.20±1.095 when compared with the control.

The aim of this project was to find out the strength of the soil samples with different height to diameter ratio. To compare the similar properties of different samples identical soil samples must be required. To reach up to this goal reconstituted samples were used to find the strength of them. Unconfined compression test were performed on the reconstituted soil specimen to investigate the variation of strength with the variation of specimen height to diameter ratio (H/D).The undrained shear strength of clays is commonly determined from an unconfined compression test which is necessary for the determination of the bearing capacity. It can be performed on both undisturbed and remolded specimen. In order to assure and predict the longibility and settlements of the structure due to load it is very important. H/D ratio of between 2 and 3 is generally recommended by accepted scientific and technical authorities. Nevertheless, published reports on the effect of specimen shape on soil strength are scarce. The value of test decreases significantly with increasing H/D ratio. It is less steep when the ratio is between 1.25 and 2.50. The soil samples used for this project are collected from four different locations in Dhaka. The test was performed on undisturbed soil specimen. In addition few more tests are done to know the index properties of soil. The range of variation of the ratios was 1.0 to 2.5 in this project. It was seen that the strength of soil samples was almost same for the range of ratio 1.75 to 2.5.

Background: Prolonged gestation complicates 5% to 10% of all pregnancies and confers increased risk to both the fetus and mother. In the west about 18% of all singleton pregnancies persist > 41 weeks, 10%, >42 weeks and 4% (range, 2% to 7%) > 43 weeks without any obstetric intervention. The risks for prolonged and post-term pregnancy include obesity, nulliparity, maternal age >30 years. Racial and ethnic differences have also been cited to be the reasons for higher risk of prolonged and post-term pregnancy. Methods: A prospective study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. 300 patients were selected and divided into three groups and were followed up with Doppler and MBPP till the delivery. Data so collected was subjected to Statistical analysis. Results: Majority of women enrolled in the study were aged around 25 years, multigravida (58%) and the study and control groups were matched demographically. The Doppler & modified biophysical profile was recorded in study and control group. Rate of caesarean delivery in spontaneous & induced, Baby NICU admission &mortality. Conclusions: This study had showed that its use can predict adverse perinatal outcome in low risk pregnancy in prediction of asphyxia. Hence our study recommends use of combimed Cerebroplacental ratio & MBPP has better sensitivity in postdated pregnancy to predict adverse perinatal outcome.

Introduction: Cement and bricks manufacturing process will contribute to a high emission carbon- dioxide (CO2) that may lead to global warming. The alternative way thatcan solve the problem is replacing by the use of bricks in construction by plastic bottles filled with sand, mortar and other types of materials. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of using plastic bottles in concrete block. The plastic bottles are used to reduce the cost, Environmental effects and the usage of concrete in the masonry units. Method: Concrete is placed around each bottle to encase it in the masonry units. The study utilizes 500-mL plastic bottles filled with soil and cement mortar placed inside concrete masonry units and analyzing the compressive strength. The testing for compressive strength was determined according to the ASTM C140 standard. Result: This study shows Soil Brick Block and Mortar Brick Block has a similar average compressive strength of 4.6 N/mm2 and 4.4 N/mm2. This abruptly high compressive strength of soil brick block is found due to the ‘Confinement Effect’ shown by the plastic bottle. Thus the use of concrete can be reduced, introducing the soil bottle brick in concrete masonry. Conclusion: Further research on the other properties, economics and environmental benefits can be conducted to confirm the practice of using water bottles inside concrete blocks. And this study recommends the Soil Brick Block can be used in footpath, river banks and other such structures where only high compressive strength is necessary.

Solanum Melongena is a highly nutritive medicinal plant which is cultivated in many countries including Nigeria where it is mainly grown in the northern part of the country.The plant is also applied in folklore remedies in the treatment of different ailments.The present study was carried out to investigate the testicular antioxidant and lipid effects of the fruit of Solanum Melongena on male wistar rats. The rats were divided into three (3) groups of six (6) rats each. Group one (1) served as control and received distilled water. Group two (2) and group three (3) were treated with 200mg/kg bw and 400mg/kg bw of the hydromethanol (20:80) extract of Solanum Melongena respectively. Extract was administered orally as single daily dose for a period of 30 days. The results obtained showed that the extract caused significant increase in the superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities and also signicantly reduced malondialdehyde level. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly reduced but the serum concentrations of the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased. This study have shown that extract of Solanum Melongena inhibit lipid peroxidation and may reduce the risk of coronary artery disease in male wistar rats.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays important role in diagnosis of thyroid lesions. However conventional reporting of cytology lack standardize format. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) presented at Bethesda in 2007 to address this barrier and facilitate communication between cytopathology’s and clinician. This study was designed to classify thyroid FNAC according to TBSRTC, calculate malignancy risk by analytical cross sectional study. All the FNAC of thyroid lesions came during August 2013 to December 2014 were classified in to six categories of TBSRTC. Distribution of cases in each category was calculated. Cytopathology examination carried out whenever tissue was available and malignancy risk calculated. A total number 115 patients was enrolled to this study, 96 (83.48%) females and 19 (16.52%) males. The patients’ ages ranged from 17 years to 80 years. The highest prevalence was noted in age groups 41-50 years followed with age groups 31-40 years with for both genders. All FNAS results were classified in to six categories of TBSRTC. The highest prevalence was recorded with benign with 51.3%, followed by A.U.S with 14.7% then U.N.S with 11.3%. Use of TBSRTC for thyroid FNAC reporting helps to highlight increased malignancy risk associated with different classification and malignant categories related to cytology of thyroid lesions.

The research has shown that use of tire rubber as coarse aggregate in Reutilization of waste tire material can help reduce the environmental pollution, generated each year in Oman‘s landfills, where tire waste is often improperly or illegally disposed of. The number of vehicles over the decade has increased considerably, and the need to identify feasible solutions to minimize tire waste is needed. The aim of this project is to identify the optimal use of waste tire rubber as coarse aggregate by partial replacement of 10%, 15%, and 20% with micro silica in the concrete. The objective of this research study is to determine and evaluate the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete. The micro silica replaced the cement by 10%, 20% in the first experiment to determine if micro silica improved the strength in the concrete. Additionally, in the second experiment, the tire rubber was treated in NaOH solution to determine the bonding improvement between the rubber and cement, while using the same replacement ratio. The mix design was developed for C35 strength for both experiments. Using 150X150X150mm cube moulds a total of 28 cubes were casted and cured for 28 days under normal conditions. The mix proportion used is 1: 1.73: 2.2 with water cement ratio of 0.47. The objective of this research is to determine the fresh and hardened properties of concrete under the influence of rubber and mineral admixtures. The results of the experiments showed a reduction in compressive strength as tire rubber content increased when compared to control mix. However, the tire rubber treated in NaOH solution yielded slightly better compressive strength results overall.

Public service is the main task of the government as a public servant, without exception the village office. The district office serves as the first service to the community. Therefore the quality of service is needed in providing services to the public. Research methods used in this research is qualitative descriptive methods and techniques of collecting data through observation and in-depth interview to the informant. Informants in this study are three (3) key informant namely Lanjas Village and village officials, as well as the Community. Based on the results showed that the implementation of quality public services at the village administration Lanjas quality is still not due to budget constraints, inadequate infrastructure, the number of employees who are still lacking and awareness for the qualified in service. Expected to increase the budget as well as the urban infrastructure facilities, as well as additional staff to provide a quality service to the community.

This study aims to determine how the implementation of the Government Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) was evaluated based Performance Management Balanced Scorecard. Impact of the implementation of the Government Performance Accountability System in improving the performance of all employees at the Bureau Secretariat Organization of South Kalimantan Province. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive study, through interviews with sources and conduct performance document related documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study is that the data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The result is the implementation of the planning performance, especially in the process of leveling performance, Among the Balanced Scorecard SAKIP there are differences in how the preparation, which uses four perspectives SAKIP not used the Balanced Scorecard. Besides the preparation of programs and activities in SAKIP can only specify a defined set of activities, without being able to choose a program that will be implemented. The process of measuring, reporting, evaluation, and monitoring of similar performance between SAKIP and Balanced Scorecard. The impact caused by the implementation of the Bureau Organization SAKIP that there is an increased achievement of good performance on the customer perspective, Finance, and Internal Processes. But for the Learning and Growth perspective still does not have a significant impact.

This study aims to determine how many effects of Motivation on Employee Performance of Public Relations and Protocol Regional Secretariat Banjarbaru, a method used in this research is quantitative method, with a population of 25 samples of 25 people and data analysis techniques with the research instrument validity, reliability, classical assumptions and using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the variables of Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation and partially significant effect on employee performance of Public Relations and Protocol Banjarbaru City Secretariat.

Community political participation is a form of the realization of a demoralized state. Political participation not only appears in the General Election (Election) but also in the Locaal Leaders Election (Pemilukada). This study aims to describe the political participation of Pemilukada in Pulang Pisau Regency in 2013. An explanatory quantitative approach was used in the study. The collection technique is done through interviews and questionnaires. The results of the study describe that community political participation in the post-conflict local election in Pulang Pisau District in 2013 was influenced by three factors; individual, social, and behavioral characteristics. put forward based on the results of the research respondents' answers, to illustrate political participation conventionally and non-conventionally.

The purpose of this study was to determine asset management issues related to the low coverage of clean water services. This study uses qualitative explanative methods. The unit of analysis in this study is PDAM Tanah Laut Regency. The primary data source for the study came from interviews with the Director and his staff, as well as data obtained directly from PDAM Tanah Laut Regency. While secondary data sources come from company financial reports, performance reports by BPKP, performance reports from BPPSPAM. Data analysis to identify problems using CIPP with weighting problems using AHP. The results of the analysis show that the problem of managing the assets of the PDAM Tanah Laut Regency that causes the low coverage of clean water services is dominated by the factor of company resources in the form of infrastructure (machine) and funding (money). Most of the company's production and distribution machineries are obsolete, old and damaged, thus contributing greatly to the high and low coverage of clean water services. While in terms of money, the company does not have sufficient funding capacity to conduct new procurement or heavy maintenance in overcoming the problems of the machine.