Dermatoglyphics is the branch of science that deals with the study of ridge patterns on fingertips, palm, soles, and toes. These patterns can serve as a noninvasive, cost-effective tool that can be used for the prediction of bronchial asthma. Objective: The present study was undertaken to study ‘atd,’ ‘adt,’ and ‘dat’ angles in bronchial asthma patients in comparison with controls. Materials & methods: palm prints were taken from 250 clinically diagnosed asthma patients from our hospital. Those prints were compared with 250 controls amongst the medical students and staff from the same hospital. Palmar prints were taken by standard ink method. From the palm print, the angles were measured and compared. Result: angles taken were analyzed between the patients, and the control group of individuals showed the statistical difference. Conclusion: we conclude that there is a genetic influence on the dermatoglyphic pattern, which can serve as a non-invasive, anatomical marker, and a predictor tool to determine the individuals with bronchial asthma.

In recent years, the global environmental problems have become more and more serious, among which the global climate change issue is the most noticeable. As U.S. President Donald Trump announced his withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, the international community has raised new concerns about the sharing of the global environment burden, and the issue of climate justice has attracted more and more attention from the international community. How to deepen the international environmental law principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" with the relevant ethics of climate justice will be an indispensable theoretical guide for global environmental governance in the future.

The vessel arrival pattern is the basis of research on the port management including berth assignment, quay crane assignment and yard operations. The hypothesis that vessel arrival pattern follows the Poisson distribution (or the inter-arrival time of two consecutive vessel arrivals follows the exponential distribution) is regularly adopted by many researchers. This paper focuses on the vessel arrival pattern at the Hong Kong Port and examines the hypothesis mentioned above based on the real data. The chi-square test method is employed to check the hypothesis under the parameter the result shows the vessel arrival pattern does not follow the Poisson distribution. Researching into the arrival data, we find that there is peak time from 8 to 9 o’clock. Considering the peak time and normal time, respectively, we find that the vessel arrival pattern at both times follows the Poisson distribution. The conclusion is tested in different data set using the chi-square test.

Background: The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are rising rapidly worldwide, especially in Asia. Diabetes has been linked to a shorter life expectancy mainly because of its complications, including heart disease, strokes, eye disease, and kidney failure and bone disease. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in type 2 diabetes patients. Furthermore, we investigated correlation between serum hsCRP and ALP level with glycaemic triad (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c) in case and control group. Methods: A cross sectional study consists of 200 patients out of which 100 normal healthy controls (Group I), case - 100 patients having type 2 DM (Group II). FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, hsCRP and ALP were measured. Results: Mean serum hsCRP and ALP level were statistically significantly higher in case group compared to control group. Moreover, significant positive correlation was observed between hsCRP and ALP level as well as both with FBS, PPBS and HbA1c. Conclusions: Oxidative stress and inflammation appears to be a key component and also associated with poor glycaemic control and further pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. All our finding suggesting a link between oxidative stress, inflammation and glycaemic control in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In Tanzania, education is conceived as a strategic agent for mindset transformation and for the creation of a well-educated nation, sufficiently equipped with the knowledge needed to competently and competitively solve the development challenges facing the nation. Based on this conviction, the government adapted the Big Results Now Initiative (BRN) from the Malaysian government in 2013 so as to realize its educational goals. The Big Results Now Initiative was aimed at improving students’ academic performance by fast-tracking the quality of secondary school education. It focused on delivering defined goals at a predetermined timeline; that is, from 2013 to 2016. This paper provides an empirical overview on the implementation of Big Results Now initiative in Tanzania and its efficacy on students’ academic performance in secondary schools. Big Results Now readiness dimensions and rationale is first presented alongside the nexus between implementation and academic performance in secondary schools. The paper concludes that the implementation of Big Results Now Initiative in Tanzania has had some noticeable effects on the academic performance in secondary schools. However, a lot still need to be done in as far as bridging the existing discrepancy between implementation and quality academic performance. It is recommended that the implementation of important educational initiatives like BRN should follow a bottom-up approach- for a sense of ownership and for a desirable attention to detail. Furthermore, the government should not wholly depend on donors to finance the implementation of educational policies and/or initiative but rather engage the local citizenry.

Aim: The main objective of the study is to assess and compare the skeletal and dental changes obtained before and after treatment using centrographic analysis in patients with class II skeletal base using three different treatment modalities - Functional, Fixed Functional and Surgical (BSSO advancement). Materials and methods: A sample of 240 retrospectively collected pre-and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of class II malocclusion treated by orthodontics or orthodontic-surgical combined approach are included. The samples are grouped as Group I - Functional appliances (Twin Block appliance), Group II - Fixed functional appliances (AdvnSync II) and Group III - Surgical (BSSO advancement). The lateral cephalograms are traced and analysed using Centro-graphic analysis on FACAD 3.10 (Ilexis AB, Sweden). The post-treatment cephalograms are analysed to compare the treatment outcomes amongst the groups. Results: The results show high statistical significance in post-treatment class II skeletal correction among the three groups — also, a sharp reduction in the prognathic maxilla in the fixed functional group. The post-treatment mandibular prognathism was observed in the functional and surgical group. In terms of vertical component, the most significant neutral position of FC was found to be in the fixed functional group. Conclusion: This study primarily establishes a non-numerical method of evidence of highly significant mandibular changes were observed across the three groups. The most effectively treated subjects were found to be of the BSSO advancement group followed by functional and fixed functional groups, respectively.

To study the role of the obstetric risk factors for low birth weight and preterm birth. A case-control study was carried out in 2017 at the University Hospital – Pleven; 1212 women in childbirth and 1212 live-born babies after single pregnancies were included in the study. The live-born infants were divided into two groups. The cases included the preterm low-birth-weight (PLBW) newborns weighing less than 2500 grams (g). The controls included full-term newborns with normal birth weight (FTNBW). The role of 8 obstetric risk factors (RFs) on PLBW was studied (maternal age, type of birth, amniotic fluid deficiency and congenital abnormalities, maternal pelvic size abnormalities, placental abnormalities, abnormalities of fetal membranes, umbilical cord abnormalities, and presentation of the fetus). The obstetric RFs were significantly associated with PLBW. Risk of PLBW is significantly higher (p=0.001) in breech presentation (exp (β)=6.622), placental abnormalities (exp (β)=5.556), maternal pelvic size abnormalities (exp (β)=4.426) and amniotic fluid deficiency and congenital abnormalities (exp (β)=2.903). The results of that study can be useful for effecting prevention programing of pregnancy and prematurity.

Background: Oral and dental problem is common among many Nigerian populace. The human oral cavity is one of the most dynamic habitats for numerous bacterial species where they undergo intense interspecies competition to form multispecies biofilm structure. Aim: The present study was designed to assess the oral bacterial profile and antibiogram of Adult Patients receiving dental care at Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ilishan-Remo Ogun State. Methods: A total of 200 oral swab samples were collected from 200 consenting participants (100 males and 100 females). The oral swab samples were cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37oC. Gram staining, motility test and routine biochemical tests were done for the identification and characterization of the bacterial isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Data obtained were analysed using SPSS Statistics software package (version 18.0). Results: The bacterial species isolated include: Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter spp, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus feacalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Out of the 288 bacterial isolates obtained, 139 (65.5%) of the oral bacteria isolates were non-pathogenic in nature, while 69 (34.5%) were pathogenic. The pathogenic organism with the highest percentage occurrence was Enterobacter spp (37.7%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (24.6%), Enterococcus feacalis (19.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.9%) and the least being Escherichia coli (3.3%). Most of the Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Augmentin, Sulbactomas, Cefroxime, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Erythromycin and Azithromycin; while most of the Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Augumentin, Cefotaxime, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin and Gentamycin. Conclusion: Pathogenic bacteria capable of causing oral and dental pr

Sixty six (64) Sprague- dawley rats (average weight 150 - 240 g) of each sex were used for the experiment. The animals were acclimatized, maintained and housed in laboratory for 28 days. At the end of the study animals were anesthetized and were sacrificed by cervical decapitation. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture and studied for White blood cells (WBC), Red blood cells (RBC), Haemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrite (HCT), and Platelets (PLT) by Using Operon hematology analyzer. In the present study, hematological findings among the treated and control groups of rats, we found that the hematological parameters were disturbs on the treatment of anti -TB drugs ETH and PAS. Whereas we observed that after administration of seed extract of Piper nigrum independently or in combination with the anti -TB drugs, the hematological parameters were improved towards normalization.

Management of patients in emergency departments is an important indicator of the quality of a healthcare system. In selected patients with acute appendicitis can we treat them by antibiotic therapy alone? The study aimed to assess the long-term efficacy of non-operative treatment in the management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis. A Prospective Cohort study was carried out in a periphery hospital, it included adult female patients satisfied the research criteria (January 2017 to December 2018). Those were including the clinical signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis, and radiological findings suggestive for acute appendicitis. Nonsurgically treated patients were divided in two groups based on the treatment outcome either successful or unsuccessful. It included 52 patients their mean age was 25.2±9.7 years. The majority were from the age group > 20 -30 years (46.2%). All had right iliac fossa pain, tenderness and rebound tenderness. Only in 43 (82.7%) patients the ultrasound was diagnostic. All patients received combined antibiotics in the form of intravenous 3rd generation Cephalosporin 1 gm twice a day and Metronidazole 500 mg three times a day. Successful cases were discharged on oral antibiotics for further 7 days. Successful, failure and recurrence rate were 93.8%, 7.69% and 6.3% respectively. Satisfaction questionnaire was filled by patients who treated conservatively and it revealed that 96.2% were satisfied from such type of management. In conclusion, the use of antibiotics for suspected acute non complicated appendicitis is effective and may avoid unnecessary appendectomy. Once nonsurgical management is started, close monitoring of patient's clinical condition is mandatory.

The objective of present investigation is to prepare and optimize an oral floating alginate gel beads of Diclofenac sodium using sodium alginate and oils was utilized as a dispersed phase to generate a uniform emulsion to create multiple tiny chambers in the alginate matrix for better buoyancy. Diclofenac sodium loaded beads were prepared by emulsion gelatin method. In this method pre gelation liquid of sodium alginate solution (2-4% w/v) was prepared. Oil (Light liquid paraffin, coconut oil, and olive oil) in the concentration (10%, 20% and 30%, was then added to the polymer solution. From the results formulation F3 was chosen as the most optimized formulation as it possessed all the required physicochemical characters and sustained drug release. The in vitro release data fitted with higher values in matrix model and the release was found to be Non- Fickian diffusion (anomalous transport) as the n value is in between 0.5 to 1. Entrapment efficiency and drug release of optimized batch FL3 were found to be 78.22% and 92.63% respectively. Drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is highly variable process and prolonging gastric retention of the dosage form is a challenging task. Under such circumstances, floating drug delivery system proves to be promising approach for gastric retention. The optimization of floating, drug entrapment efficiency and drug release behavior of Diclofenac beads was done by applying design expert

Background: The number of kidney, liver, heart and other organ transplants is growing rapidly, but not nearly as rapidly as the growth in the number of persons with defective organs who desire transplants. Also, cadavers are needed for Anatomy dissection classes for medical students. Methods: The study assessed the knowledge and awareness levels of 134 first professional MBBS students, who filled a prevalidated questionnaire. Observations and Results: Out of 134 students, 87.3% of the respondents were aware of the concept of organ donation while 12.7% had not even heard about it. 83.7%, 78.6%, 36.8% and 20.5% were aware about eye, kidney, whole body and liver donations respectively. Awareness of donation of other organs was found to be in the range between 11.9% and 7.7%. 48.7%, 29.1%, 14.2%, 9.4% and 1% of the aware respondents started that television, internet, newspaper, family members and other sources respectively were their sources of information regarding organ donation. Conclusions: Educating the public, supportive care, proper infrastructure, addressing various issues of organ and body donation - all these can help in improving the peoples’ understanding, and therefore increased rate of donation.

Set in a context of colonization, Butterfly Burning is a fictional work that digs out the colonized’s mind to illustrate the brutality and unfairness of a ruthless system that gangrenes a whole community’s reason of existence. This paper which finds ground on the theory of “the paradox of silence” as it is defined by Maurice Zundel, highlights a reflexion based on the social and political meaning of the praxis of silence among men and women who are deprived of the backbone of their raison d’être. It focuses on the built-in meaning attached to framework, sex and music in an ambient world silenced by the readable and audible voice of voicelessness.

This paper is aiming at the refinement of Airport Service Quality (ASQ) dimensions based on passengers’ experience. This new ASQ dimensions evolved are in contrast with the conventional method of setting apart areas concerning ASQ as recognized at every interaction points in the functional flow of passengers through various agencies in the airport. The new dimensions arrived in this study were obtained by analyzing the data regarding airport service quality attributes identified and surveyed with the support of instruments developed by Airports Council International (ACI) and are commonly used by airports in India. This study further analyzed and factorized those items into meaningful ASQ dimensions from passengers’ perspective using exploratory factor analysis method and then confirmed the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. This study also attempts to find out the relationship between these core dimensional factors of airport service quality and its influence on overall satisfaction of passengers. The interrelationship between these ASQ factors and overall satisfaction level of passengers were estimated using structural equation modeling. The strength of each factor dimension was plotted and drawn implications for the airport operators.

The study was done in river Nile state, from September to November 2017. The research applied on 50 urine samples which collected from married ladies with young ages (18-24 years) unvaccinated against Human Papilloma Virus 16 and 18 that known as high risk viruses to detect DNA of it and probability of it to cause cervical cancer. The study aimed to detect affection of high risk HPV type 16 or 18 on young married ladies (16-18 years)an vaccinated against it Then probability to cause cervical cancer. Used molecular method to detect presence of high risk HPV DNA (16or 18) in urine sample which collected from the study group. All 50 samples were negative, that mean no detection for HPV16 or 18 DNA.