Introduction: Smokeless Tobacco contains considerable nicotine much more than is contained in smoking tobacco. Smokeless Tobacco contains 28 carcinogenic agents, including nitrites and alkylating agents causing oral cancer. Ethanol is the principal ingredient of alcoholic beverages Acetaldehyde, a metabolite of ethanol play an important role in ethanol toxicity by cross linking the DNA and thus leading to DNA damage. Comet Assay was performed to assess DNA damage among users of Smokeless Tobacco and Alcohol. Method: Buccal epithelial cells were taken from 25 users of Smokeless Tobacco (Khaini) 25 users of Alcohol, 25 users of Khaini and Alcohol and 25 control subjects and Comet Assay was performed to assess possible DNA damage. Result: Highest increase in the comet tail length implicated DNA damage in users of Smokeless Tobacco and Alcohol, both as compared to the control subjects. Conclusion: This study demonstrated DNA damage among users of Alcohol, Smokeless Tobacco leading to the development of oral cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading cause of death in developing countries. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane protein with cytoplasmic kinase activity that transduces important growth factor signaling from the extracellular milieu to the cell. Materials and methods: This study includes all cases of primary lung squamous cell carcinomas presented in the Department of Pathology from Jan 2011 to Dec 2013 in Sri Ramachandra Medical College. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue stained with H&E were used for routine morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was done using monoclonal anti EGFR antibody by Streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex technique. Positive cases were graded as 1+, 2+, 3+ based on staining intensity. Results: A total of 149 cases of carcinoma lung were retrieved. Of these 26 (20%) were SCC. Eighty eight percent of these were EGFR positive, of which 70% showed 3+ positivity, 11% showed 2+ positivity, 7% showed 1+ positivity. Conclusion: EGFR expression appears to be significant in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung which aid in treating these patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and may improve the outcome of these patients. We conclude that EGFR marker expression is mandatory not only in lung adenocarcinomas but also in Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Ideal rehabilitation with the aid of dental implants is reliant on the presence of adequate bone volume and quality at the edentulous area. Various surgical techniques for bone grafting both in the form of natural and synthetic graft materials have been industrialized to enhance successful placement of dental implants in resorbed alveolar ridge. This review throws light on the numerous novel bone grafting techniques for dental implants.

In the current study, thermoplasmonic characteristics of Erbium nanoparticles with spherical, core–shell and rod shapes are investigated. In order to investigate these characteristics, interaction of synchrotron radiation emission as a function of the beam energy and Erbium nanoparticles were simulated using 3D finite element method. Firstly, absorption and extinction cross sections were calculated. Then, increases in temperature due to synchrotron radiation emission as a function of the beam energy absorption were calculated in Erbium nanoparticles by solving heat equation. The obtained results show that Erbium nanorods are more appropriate option for using in optothermal human cancer cells, tissues and tumors treatment method.

The placement of dental implants is becoming a routinely performed procedure in dental practice. Numerous techniques have been advocated to facilitate the placement of dental implants in a wide range of clinical scenarios. However, they are associated with their own share of patient related complications and discomfort. This article throws light on the various minimal invasive techniques available to facilitate implant placement with minimal complications and maximum patient acceptance.

Dietary habits are an important determinant of health. In vegetarian diet meat (including fowl) or seafood, or products containing those foods are not included. Current recommendations for all the nutrients can be fulfilled by the vegetarian diet. Sometimes to achieve proper amount of important nutrients, supplements or fortified foods can be added in the diet. Researchers reported that vegetarian diets are beneficial in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, renal disease and dementia, as well as diverticular disease, gallstones and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study we compared the haemoglobin level in vegetarian and non-vegetarian population from Rajkot city, Gujarat state. About 100 individuals of the age group of 16-50 years participated in the present study. Based on the dietary history, participants were divided into two groups as vegetarians and non-vegetarians. We conclude that in our study there is no significant difference in Haemoglobin concentration between two study groups. This shows that non-vegetarian diet does not have any beneficiary effect on haematological parameters in our study group.

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed in the Nigerian stock exchange between 2012 and 2017. Data were extracted from 40 companies out of 169 companies which are listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 2018. Consequently, ordinary pooled least square was adopted to analyze the objective of study. The principal findings that originate from this study is that capital structure has a negative impact on return on equity and return on asset of the firm listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. In view of the above important findings that originated in this work, it is paramount that the following recommendations are made for the investors and the policy makers in Nigeria that debt capital is not a profitable means of financing investment projects in firms listed in the Nigerian stock exchange. However, all hands must be on deck by the Nigerian policy makers to embark on policy measure to reduce double digit interest rate in the financial sector in order to ensure self-liquidating debt capital in the listed firms in the Nigerian stock exchange.

Placenta is a vital organ for growth of the fetus. Improper development of the placenta will have a strong impact on the developing fetus resulting in complications like maternal hypertension. The study was aimed to compare the morphometric measurements of placenta in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women. The study was conducted at Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College and K.C. General Hospital Bangalore. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of the hospital regularly and delivered their babies in the same hospital and their placentas were collected. Women who had hypertension in pregnancy after the 20 weeks of gestation, had consistently recorded SBP and DBP of 140 and 90 mm Hg respectively with or without edema and or proteinuria were included. Placentas delivered were divided into 2 groups. Placentas of 19 hypertensive women were considered hypertensive group and placentas of 24 healthy women were considered Control group. Placental measurements like weight, diameter, thickness, surface area, volume, shape, umbilical cord insertion and membrane attachment of the placenta was assessed using standard methods mentioned in the literature. The study revealed 44.1% of the patients were hypertensive and 55.8% of the patients were normotensive respectively. Morphometric measurements of placenta were significantly lower in hypertensive group as compared to the control group (p<0.01).

Background: Nursing care is meeting both physical and psychosocial needs of patients. Cancer patients experience more biopsychosocial needs than other patients, hence they require more nursing care. An oncology nurse therefore provides physical, psychosocial and spiritual care to cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to assess satisfaction with nursing care among cancer patients admitted in oncology wards at Kenyatta National Hospital. Methodology: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample size was 91 patients who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The target population were adult patients (both males and females) aged 18 years and above admitted in oncology wards(GFD and 8C) at KNH , with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer and who had received care for at least 48 hours. Data collection tool was a standardized researcher administered, semi structured questionnaire and Likert scale. Results: Majority of cancer patients, 53.8% were not satisfied with psychosocial care with 97.8% (89) having their expectations on psychosocial care partially met. 97.8% (89) of the cancer patients identified emotional support as the priority psychosocial need, with 82.4% (75) recommending improvement of the same. Majority (76.5%) had a neutral position with regard to satisfaction status with physical care. On general satisfaction, 94.5% (88) were satisfied with care in the ward with 96.7% (84) reporting that physical care was most satisfying.

Tourist Attractions that have a variety of recreational segments include several business units, namely Taman Impian, Dunia Fantasi, Atlantis Water Adventure, Ocean Dream Samudra, Seaworld Ancol and Ancol Ecopark, meanwhile, the resort segment includes the Putri Duyung Ancol and Bidadari Eco Resort. In addition, this place had never quiet, because every day, there are a lot of visitors. Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, Ltd Owns the role of public relations under the Corporate Secretary division. The responsiblities include building good relations between management or internal public and external public, namely consumers so that this good relation could create a good understanding both the parties. They must also be able to develop skills in getting information from various sources and they must be able to develop relationships and cooperation with all company divisions, so that the solid team work is formed. By this background, it is not easy absolutely to keep the number of visitors based on the company target with the emerge of similar tourist attractions. Hence, the researchers are interested in discussing this problem in the form of research entitled "Public Relations Activities of Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, Ltd in Promoting Jakarta Tourist Attraction.

Squamous cell carcinoma of kidney is extremely rare tumor and the incidence is less than 1% of all renal malignancies. In the world literature till now, very few cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of kidney have been reported. Squamous cell carcinoma is frequently associated with renal calculi and hydronephrosis. Squamous cell carcinoma of kidney is very aggressive, presents at an advanced stage and is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in hydronephrotic kidney with multiple renal calculi in a 60 year old male patient. Patients presenting with long standing history of renal calculus and associated hydronephrosis should undergo extensive diagnostic workup for the early diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, so that we can reduce the morbidity and mortality.

Aim: Rapid fixation -Is it an an effective method in the diagnosis of cytological smears. Objective: 1) Is it an accurate method in fine needle aspiration cytology. 2) Is it an accurate method in the diagnosis of various body fluid cytology. 3) To analyse the quality of background staining and cyto-morphology. 4) To compare the quality between rapid and routine fixation method. Methods: Smears are fixing in 95% isopropyl alcohol and stained by hematoxyline and eosin and papaniecolou staining. Result: The cyto-morphology and background staining quality in rapid fixation and routine fixation were analysed and are almost equal to routine fixation method. Conclusion: By rapid fixation the adequacy of the smears can be screened and analysed quickly. So we can reduce the turnaround time (TAT) and more benefit for the patient

The population of Nigeria is not only large, but is also expanding by the passage of time. It is therefore significant that many Nigerians speak Nigerian Pidgin English. This study examines how Nigerian Pidgin English contributes to the development of the country as it gains recognition and operates across facets of nation-hood. When language is used to impinge on the value-system of society through the transmission of information and consciousness, then nation-building is in operation. The literature is replete with critical perspectives on the position of Nigerian Pidgin English in multilingual Nigeria. Hinging on the Independent Parallel Development Theory and the Neutralist Perspective, this study concludes that Nigerian Pidgin English contributes to the building of Nigeria as it is used to convey useful information for national integration and sustainable development.

The study examined the effect of electronic banking on the profitability of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. Banking industry is confronted by a new innovation imposed by technology transformation that has changed the way banks conduct their activities from traditional means to electronic means. Furthermore, this study investigates how the electronic banking channels through internet, mobile, POS and ATM have impacted on deposit money banks profitability. It is against this background that the study examined the effect of electronic banking on the profitability of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. The methodology of the study was quantitative in nature. Using time series data of 2006 – 2015, the study employed regression technique in the analysis of sourced data. Data were collected from secondary sources through annual reports of deposit money Banks in Nigeria. Electronic banking was measured using the total values of internet banking, mobile banking, POS and ATM while Profitability was measured using profit margin of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Profitability was regressed on internet banking, mobile banking, POS and ATM using ordinary least square regression technique. The study revealed that positive relationship exists between mobile banking and Profitability, and between ATM and Profitability. In addition, there is also a statistically significant relationship between POS and Profitability while there is no significant relationship between internet banking and Profitability. As such, E-banking has a positive effect on Profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. It is therefore, recommended that banks must offer numerous services through internet banking and effective transaction through the POS Terminals.

Inculcation and practice of values are indispensable for social coherence and development in any human society. As guiding principles for accepted behavior in the society, values are highly informed and influenced by cultural and social contexts. Virtually every nation counts on education as a veritable instrument for the inculcation of values. Every nation has its own set of values which it considers to be catalytic to its development if well inculcated through education. Nigeria, as a nation, has such values. However, it is doubtful, based on the apparent depravity and perversion prevalent in the country, if the Nigerian education is effectively carrying out this task of inculcation of values in the students. This paper, therefore, deemed it necessary to carry out a philosophical appraisal in this regard, using the method of conceptual and critical analysis. The outcome of the appraisal showed that although the outlined values in the National Policy on Education are noble, the Nigerian education system has not been effective in inculcating those values, due to a number of reasons, such as the absence of value clarification, lack of strong emphasis on the practice of values, neglect of some core Nigerian traditional values and teachers’ ill preparedness for the responsibility of inculcating values. Based on this, the paper recommended, among others, that efforts should be made at value clarification, modification of the policy statement so as to strongly emphasize practical aspects as well as our core traditional values, and that adequate attention be given to in-depth knowledge of values in the training and retraining of teachers of all cadres.