This study aims to determine the implications of Illegal gold mining carried out by the community in Perentak village, Merangin Regency. The research method carried out is a qualitative method with a focus of attention on the household economy of rural communities and the environment, for that researchers hold interviews and discussions with communities in Perentak village and observe environmental changes. The results of the study found that the presence of Illegal gold mining conducted by the Perentak villagers had positive implications for the improvement of the household economy in the short term, but in the long term along with environmental changes as a result of the addition of gold without a permit had a negative impact on the environment which also had negative implications on the household economy.

The comparative analysis is conducted to ascertain the performance of Conventional and Islamic Banks operating in the UAE for 5 years from 2014-2018. In order to compare, the author has chosen top 6 Conventional and Islamic banks, respectively, operating in the country. Several ratios are chosen to compare both Islamic and conventional banks. As per the Central Bank of UAE website, banks are classified into locally incorporated banks and branches of foreign banks which have obtained licenses to operate in the UAE. Accordingly, as at 30 June 2019, there are 22 local national banks, 27 branches of foreign banks and 11 wholesale foreign bank branches. Among the locally incorporated banks, there are 6 Islamic banks. Given the consolidation that is happening in the UAE economy, some of the Islamic banks are on the brink of getting merged with other local UAE based banks. Although there is demand for Islamic products, UAE Islamic banks enjoy a relatively small market share as compared to its conventional counterparts.

The Mutual Fund Industry is a fast growing sector of the Indian Financial Markets. They have become major vehicle for mobilization of savings, especially from the small and household savers for investment in the capital market. Mutual Funds entered the Indian Capital Market in 1964 with a view to provide the retail investors the benefit of diversification of risk, assured returns, and professional management. Every type of investment, including Mutual Funds, involves risk. Risk refers to the possibility that investors will lose money (both principal and any earnings) or fail to make money on an investment. A Fund's investment objective and its holdings are influential factors in determining how risky a fund is. Reading the prospectus will help the investors to understand the risks associated with that particular Fund. The study aimed to understand and analyze investor’s perceptions of such risks and expectations, and unveil some extremely valuable information to support financial decision making of Mutual Funds. The detailed analysis revealed that investors perceive risk as under performance, risks in Mutual Fund investments are medium and the returns on Fund investments are not so satisfactory.

Temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR) is often required for patients with severe and/or refractory TMJ disease who have failed conservative treatment. TMJR helps improve masticatory function and is linked to improved quality of life outcomes. Alloplastic reconstruction is currently considered the treatment of choice for most serious TMJ disorders due to its many advantages, including but not limited to early recovery, consistent long-term outcomes and significant improvements in the function of the jaw. Two types of TMJR prostheses are available for reconstruction, broadly speaking: 1) inventory, and 2) custom-made prostheses. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of TMJR's fundamental principles and concepts to the reader while referring to applicable existing literature.

This study aims to examine the effect of internal auditor competence and internal control systems on fraud behavior in the Financial Services Authority. Sampling in this study using the primary data method. Data was collected using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to the Financial Services Authority office. The target of this research is all auditors in OJK, but respondent data is received and can be processed 60 respondent answers. The method used in this study is the method of analyzing correlation data with IBM SPSS version 25 software. To test the quality of the instrument used is done by validity and reliability test, T test, F test and coefficient of determination test. Correlation data analysis results show that variations in fraud behavior variables can be explained by variations in internal audit competency variables and internal control systems by 64.5%. F statistical test shows that the model used is able to predict fraud behavior and is statistically significant. The T static test shows that the auditor internal competency variable has a positive effect on fraud behavior and statistical significance, and the internal control system variable has no effect on fraud behavior and has no statistical significance. The results showed that the internal auditor competency variable had a positive effect on fraud behavior while the internal control system variable had no effect on fraud behavior. The results of the hypothesis submission provide the synthesis that the better the internal competence of the auditor, the better the fraud behavior produced by the auditor.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) belongs to a group of related disorders called spondyloarthropathies. It is the most common and most typical form of spondyloarthropathy. Men are usually affected three times more than women. The disease is characterized with inflammatory back pain starting in adolescence and early adulthood. When patients are diagnosed after the age of 45 years, it is possibly because symptoms over the years have been minimal. Methods: This was a prospective study of patients that were seen in the rheumatology out-patients department of a specialist hospital over a period of one year. A detailed history of back pain, heel pain, enthesopathy and peripheral arthritis were obtained. Histories of conjunctivitis, urethritis, inflammatory bowel disease and family history of ankylosing spondylitis were obtained. Inclusion criteria were patients that were previously diagnosed as AS and those who met the modified New York criteria for classification of AS. A thorough examination of spinal and extra-spinal regions was carried out. Investigations carried out included rheumatoid factor, tissue typing, plain radiograph and magnetic resonance image of the sacroiliac joints. Results: There were 840 patients that presented in the rheumatology clinic over the study period. Thirty two patients presented with various spondyloarthropathies while 12 of them were diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. Male to female ratio was 11: 1. The age range of the patients was 18 - 54 years with a mean of 46 ± 4 years. The duration of symptoms varied between 9 months to 28 years. Frequencies of initial presentation were low back pain in five, peripheral arthritis in four, heel pain in two and uveitis in one patient. Extra–articular presentations included aortic incompetence, pulmonary fibrosis and non-specific abdominal pain. All the patients had sacroiliitis. Joint involvement was asymmetrical and joints of the lower limbs were majorly affected. Test for rheumatoid factor was

The study is an application of VAR Granger Causality test on time series data. It conducted on United Kingdom (UK) annual data from 1989 to 2017. The time-series analysis used. Both formal and informal method is used to determine the stationary level. For regression analysis, Vector Autoregression model and Johnson cointegration equation used. The result found that interest rate and inflation are stationary at first difference, i.e. I(1). VAR Granger causality test between inflation and interest rate found that there is bilateral causality among these variables.

This research aims to proofs the existence of antecedents in the intention to conduct research leading to professional commitment. The gap in the current practice is the need to increase Indonesia's academic rank in the world due to a decrease in various indicators. As for previous studies, limited information on professional commitment by researchers is found especially in Indonesia. Researchers propose personal and external related variables; personal variables include Attitude toward Behaviors, and Perceived Behavioral Control; whereas external related variables include Subjective Norm, Institutional Support and Research Related Policy. Study to 235 academicians in Indonesia produce a conclusion that perceived behavioral control is the only variable in TPB that is the antecedent toward the intention. Meanwhile, external related variables fail to show its significance, with the exception of Research Related Policy, showing the need in finding other extraneous variables in the future. Intention to do research can impact researcher’s professional commitment.

Good corporate governance is needed to improve the performance of a bank, especially Sharia banks. The mechanism of good governance is the existence of a board of directors as executors of management and a board of commissioners as supervisors. This study aims to analyze the influence of the board of directors and the board of commissioners in improving financial performance. The study was conducted on 5 sharia commercial banks from 2013 to 2018 which had the largest assets using secondary data. The method used is a quantitative analysis using multiple regression. The results showed that the board of directors did not have a significant influence on financial performance, while the board of commissioners had a negative influence on the financial performance of Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral cancers accounting for 96% of all head and neck cancers. Beside the different endogenous and environmental risk factors, epigenetics play an important role in causing OSCC. Epigenetics shed light on the presence of inherited changes in the phenotype of a gene with the absence of an alteration in the DNA sequence. The epigenetic modifications can result in the emersion of cancer, autoimmune diseases, aging and other diseases. Under several circumstances, DNA undergoes methylation. This methylation might be related to normal development or serious diseases like cancer. DNA methylation is a heritable biochemical modification occurs predominantly by transferal of a methyl group to C- 5 position of the cytosine ring (CpGs) which may cause epigenetic disturbances. This review aims toward investigating the genetics in literature to help in diagnosing OSCC with new modalities that are less invasive compared to histopathology. Studied genes including ECAD, DAPK, MGMT and P53 has different methylation frequencies in relation to OSCC which may be related to their significant role in early diagnosis and prognosis. Since genetics has a major role in OSCC, we searched most recently reported genes and technologies seeking early detection and treatment of OSCC results in a better prognosis and more conservative treatment.

Objective: The objective of the study was to formulate a mouth fast dissolving tablets of Aceclofenac and its invitro evaluation. Materials and methods: Aceclofenac mouth dissolving tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Three batches were prepared. The tablets were evaluated by hardness, friability, disintegration test, wetting test and in-vitro dissolution method. Results: The granules were evaluated by determining the angle of repose (24.58±0.602° to 30.29±0.327), bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, and Carr’s index. The prepared Aceclofenac tablets were subjected to measurement of hardness (4.2 ±0.08, 4.5 ±0.06 and 5.5 ±0.05 kg/cm2 respectively), friability (0.88±0.02, 0.67±0.08, and 0.55±0.07 % respectively), disintegration, wetting and invitro release study. All parameters were satisfactory within limit. Conclusion: So, it is concluded that the F3 batch is better than another batch. The release pattern is depending upon the amount of Sodium starch glycolate added. Though long-term stability study is required for future development of these formulations.

The periodontal disease is basically a multi-factorial disease that is impacted by many components of the periodontal tissue. If the periodontal disease is left untreated it can cause many severe complications of the oral cavity. The plaque can be prevented by maintaining proper oral hygiene and also visiting the dentist. The attitude and awareness of the people about the periodontal surgery is of utmost importance. The main aim of this study was study the attitude and awareness about the periodontal surgery among the population of Jizan in Saudi Arabia. The population of Jizan answered the questionnaire related to the attitude and awareness about the periodontal surgery. Periodontitis may lead to high risk of multiple tooth loss which eventually lead to edentulism. The results of this survey showed that 32 (32.8%) of the participants were in the age group of 31-40 years and majority of the people were females about 59 (60.2%). This survey about the attitude and awareness about the periodontal surgery is a stepping stone in spreading the knowledge and awareness in the population of Jizan, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical disorder occurring in young as well as elder males worldwide. Management wise there are many surgeries available in both tissue-based hernia repair as well as commonly practised prolene mesh inguinal hernia repair. New technique has developed, desarda hernia repair, is the tissue-based hernia repair in which, an un-detached strip of external oblique aponeurosis is used to repair the posterior wall of inguinal canal. This study compares the outcome of both desarda repair and lictenstein mesh hernia repair. Methods: Hospital based interventional study included 100 patients diagnosed with inguinal hernia and were divided into two groups, D (50 patients) for desarda technique and L (50 patients) for lictenstein repair. Outcomes measured were post operative complications as seroma, hematoma, orchitis, early and late postoperative pain, chronic pain and last was the recurrence. Hospital stay was also taken into consideration and follow up was done on day 7, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results: During follow up, 10 patients suffered from chronic pain in lictenstein group compared to 5 patients in desarda group which was not significant (p = O.262). 1 Recurrence was seen both groups (p = 1). Seroma was seen in 2 patients in desarda and nil in L group whereas hematoma was seen more in L group. Conclusion: Results were comparable in both the groups, desarda being a new technique can be used in young patients to avoid complications most probably seen in mesh hernia repair.

Introduction: Mandibular third molars are the most frequently affected by impaction. No previous study had been conducted in the Jazan region. Aim of the study: To evaluate the prevalence and patterns of third molar impaction among the Jazanian subpopulation in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving the analysis of the orthopantomograms (OPG) of 1012 patients who attended the Jazan University College of Dentistry. The OPGs were selected randomly from patient records to examine the frequency and pattern of third molar impaction. Data were analyzed, and p < 0.005 was set as significant. Results: A total of 1012 subjects were included, among whom 550 (54.3%) were males. The largest age group was 18–32 years old and accounted for 533 (52.67%) of the subjects. The number of subjects with impacted tooth/teeth was 668 (66%), and frequencies and percentages among the right and left sides did not considerably differ. The number of impacted third molars in mandibular arches was higher than that in maxillary arches. Impactions in Position C were usually in the maxillary arch (116, 11.47%), whereas those in Position A were common in the mandible. Vertical and mesioangular impacted angulations were frequent in the mandibular arch (162, 22.0% and 118, 11.7%). Cases of distolingual impaction were high in the maxillary arch (96, 9.6%). Class II impacted teeth in relation to the ramus were the highest in the right (259, 25.6%), and left (239, 23.62%), followed by Class I impactions. Conclusion: The prevalence of impacted third molars was slightly higher in the Jazan region than in other regions in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity, mortality, premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and low birth weight and solely maternal mortality is account for 10-15% of maternal deaths in developing countries. Each year, an estimated 2.9 million babies die during the neonatal period and 2.6 million babies are stillborn around the world due to presence of PIH in pregnancy. According to WHO 2018, the rate of stillbirth is 21.9 per 1000 births in women with a pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). The objectives of the study is to estimate the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy in a selected rural health center in Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data, obstetric history and on PIH status. The study was conducted from June 2019 to November, 2019. The 80 pregnant women with on or above 20 weeks of gestation admitted in the Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh or who sought outdoor service were enrolled in the study through purposive sampling technique who met the inclusion criteria. Data on PIH was extracted based on hypertension with on or above systolic and diastolic blood pressure140 mmHg and 90 mmHg respectively and presence of anemia, oedema, vertigo, sudden weight gain, insomnia and oliguria throughclinical examination and measuring blood pressure (BP) using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the women was found to have24.72 (±SD). The prevalence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) was found 7/80×100 = 8.75%. More than 57% of PIH was mild, followed by around 29% and 14% of PIH were moderate and severe respectively. History of hypertension, LUCS (The lower uterine segment cesarean section), abortion and stillbirth were found 5 (6.25%), 17 (21.25%), 21 (26.25%) and 13 (16.25%)