Short guide RNAs of catalytically inactive CRISPR associated 9 nuclease uses to express endogenous genes in human cells and bacteria. Chimeric nucleases help in precise and efficient genetic modifications leads to double strand breakage which can be repaired by DNA repair mechanism by homology directed repair and non-homology end joining. Here, we describe that single or multiple gRNAs direct dCas9 fused to a VP64 transcriptional activation domain to enhance the expression of endogenous human genes. Light-activated CRISPR-Cas9 effector (LACE) system induces dynamic regulation of genes in the presence of blue light. Targeted activation of endogenous neurogenic genes in transgenic mice leads to direct and efficient conversion of astrocytes into functional neurons in vivo. CRISPR-on can activate the endogenous IL1RN, SOX2, and OCT4 genes. Activation of genes was achieved by clusters of 3-4 sgRNAs that bind to the proximal promoters, result in their synergistic action in gene induction. Moreover, it fused with transcriptional activators in endogenous human INS (silenced gene with a fully methylated promoter). Multiplexed gene editing helps in metabolic engineering in yeast and CHO mammalian host. In this review we describe the applications and development of Cas9 for a variety of research or translational applications.

Dental implants are popular treatment option for replacement of missing teeth. Teeth loss causes alveolar bone resorption. Implant placement may require sufficient bone volume. Therefore bone augmentation can be done prior to implant placement. For bone augmentation autograft, allografts, xenografts and synthetic materials can be used. After augmentation implants can be placed successfully. In this case report autogenous block graft is taken for augmentation. Rehabilitation of edentulous region is done by implant placement.

COVID-19 infection is the current challenge that faces the research community worldwide. Although chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for management of malaria, revealed to have clear value and tolerable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia in multicenter clinical trials conducted in China, we theorize that minocycline combined with suitable non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug will give better result than Chloroquine phosphate monotherapy. Nouraldein theory needs invitro and Invivo experiments to confirm it.

Sinusitis one of the most troublesome diseases disturbing the usual daily activities. It is manifested by severe headache, nasal discharge, sneezing etc which creates a great problem. For its management analgesics, nasal decongestants & finally curettage of the sinus to remove the fluid deposit is adopted in modern medical science. However in Ayurveda Nasya & Dhumapan is best applied in this connection. A clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Sadvindu Taila nasal drop in the management of frontal sinusitis. For this purpose total 40 patients of frontal sinusitis were collected from the OPD & IPD of Gangasheel Ayurvedic medical college, Bareilly(UP) as per the selection criteria. They were divided into two groups i.e. trial group & control group (consisting of 20 patients each) to whom the nasal drop Sadvindu Taila & Otrivin (Xylometazoline hydrochloride) nasal drop was given respectively. The trial drug was given in the prescribed dose for 7 days under Nasya & Dhumapana procedure. The control drug, in normal way only nasal instillation. After 7 days evaluation was done depending on the subjective & objective parameters. For statistical evaluation, mean ± SD, paired t-test was calculated. It was observed that the trial drug is very much effective in decreasing Headache, sneezing, nasal discharge & other allergic manifestation. Radiological the fluid level also decreased. Though the drug is better effective but it is not accepted by all the patients as it causes severe irritation in nasal mucosa. With the total study it can be concluded that the trial drug Sadvindu Taila has a great scope in the management of sinusitis, especially frontal sinusitis. Further studies are required to establish the drug more scientifically.

The nature has provided an entire warehouse of remedies to cure ailments of mankind. About 80 per cent of the world's population depends partially or wholly on traditional medicine for its primary health care needs. Herbal medicines as the key remedy in traditional medical system have been used in medical practice for past era and have made a great involvement to maintain human health. Thus Pharmacognostical study appears to be of enormous value in identification of commercial samples of the market to find their authenticity and establishing identity of adulterant or substituent. In addition lack of standardization, dishonest commercial practice of adulterating and substituting the genuine herbal drugs are posing great obstacle in popularizing the time-tested herbal-based traditional medicines. The present study was focused on preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations for determining and establishing the identity, purity and quality of the plants. The plant was subjected to determination of various physicochemical parameters including ash values (total ash, water soluble ash) and extractive values (alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive). The powdered crude drug was extracted successively with various solvents with increasing polarity and further the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the identification of various phytoconstituents. The study of heavy metal analysis, total bacterial count & test for Aflatoxins studies was also carried out as WHO guidelines. More over the fingerprint profile of Desmostachya bipinnata was established using thin layer chromatography(TLC) methods. The results of the TLC profiling of the extract confirm about the presence of various phytochemicals.

The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common health issue particularly in the developing and if remain untreated can manifest serious health consequences. The aim of this study was to figure out the current situation of subclinical thyroid disease in the Pakistani and Afghan refugees living in Quetta city. For this purpose different public sector hospitals were visited on regular bases from October 2018 to October 2019 to find out the prevalence of this disease. Subclinical hypo and hyperthyroid patients of both the nationalities age among 20-70 years were enrolled. Furthermore, the prevalence of clinical sign and symptoms related to thyroidal dysfunction, the physical activities of the patients, use of iodized/non-iodized salt, feeding habit was also recorded. To confirm the status of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism the thyroid functional test (TFT) was performed by using Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). Our data showed that the prevalence of Thyroidism was higher in females than males both in Pakistani and Afghani patients. The overall prevalence of euthyroid was (21.66%), hypothyroidism (45.83%) and hyperthyroid (32.52%), thus the prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be higher than hyperthyroidism and this prevalence was high in the patients among 20-45 years of age. Furthermore, the prevalence data related to clinical sign showed that weight gain (82.12%), cold intolerance (79.60%) and anxiety (74.34%) was more common in hypothyroid patients whereas, weight loss (84.23%), goiter (79.13%) and increase heart rate (78.51%) were the common issues in hyperthyroid patients.

This paper furnishes a financial synopsis of BHEL through financial ratios. BHEL is India’s biggest engineering and manufacturing company of its kind occupied in the design, engineering, manufacture, construction, testing, commissioning and servicing of a wide range of products and services for the core sectors of the economy, viz. Power, Transmission, Industry, Transportation, Renewable Energy, Oil & Gas and Defense. Ratio analysis is one of procedure used to measure the financial position of the company in the four main characteristic liquidity, solvency, turnover and profitability. The main goal of this paper is to interpret the financial performance of BHEL, along with BHEL’s financial performance is compared with its peers BMEL, L&T, PUNJLLYOD, THERMAX can be understood.

The LD50 values of sponge Sigmadocia fibulata and Suberites carnosus were evaluated as O= Survival and X= Death. For both the samples we found that the LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. In histopathological examinations of liver the crude extract Sigmadocia fibulata showed congested vasculature and focal minimal degenerative changes in hepatic parenchyma with cellular swelling and vacuolar changes of hepatocytes were noted, where as in normal control and rats treated with crude extract of Suberites carnosus, no metabolic or pathological lesions in liver tissue sections were observed. In kidney tissue rats treated with crude extract of Suberites carnosus showed focal congestion of vessels in renal parenchyma. The focal areas showed cellular swelling in renal tubules with presence of granular cytoplasmic changes in the epithelium of tubules showing absence of inflammatory changes in the section; where as in normal control and rats treated with Sigmadocia fibulata no metabolic or pathological lesions in kidney tissue sections were observed. In the histological examinations of heart, lung, and brain tissues no observable changes were noted in normal control and experimental rats, treated with crude extract of Sigmadocia fibulata and Suberites carnosus.

Pre-eclampsia is an important clinical syndrome with an elevated blood pressure and marked proteinuria and may be associated with haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Recently, oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. The current research consisted of 77 women with pre-eclampsia and 45 normotensive subjects attending Rasheed Shekoni specialist hospital and General hospital Dutse. Serum antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and some hematological indices were analyzed in both groups. Results revealed a statistical decrease (p<0.005) of vitamin A, C, E and platelet in pre-eclamptic compared to normotensive women. Antioxidant and platelet concentrate supplementation may supress the development of pre-eclampsia.

The nature has provided an entire warehouse of remedies to cure ailments of mankind. About 80 per cent of the world's population depends partially or wholly on traditional medicine for its primary health care needs. Herbal medicines as the key remedy in traditional medical system have been used in medical practice for past era and have made a great involvement to maintain human health. Thus Pharmacognostical study appears to be of enormous value in identification of commercial samples of the market to find their authenticity and establishing identity of adulterant or substituent. In addition lack of standardization, dishonest commercial practice of adulterating and substituting the genuine herbal drugs are posing great obstacle in popularizing the time-tested herbal-based traditional medicines. The present study was focused on preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations for determining and establishing the identity, purity and quality of the plants. The plant was subjected to determination of various physicochemical parameters including ash values (total ash, water soluble ash) and extractive values (alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive). The powdered crude drug was extracted successively with various solvents with increasing polarity and further the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the identification of various phytoconstituents. The study of heavy metal analysis, total bacterial count & test for Aflatoxins studies was also carried out as WHO guidelines. More over the fingerprint profile of Desmostachya bipinnata was established using thin layer chromatography(TLC) methods. The results of the TLC profiling of the extract confirm about the presence of various phytochemicals.

The contemporary business environment in Benue state, Nigeria demands all Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) irrespective of which sector they operate in to innovate in order to secure a place in the market, and Knowledge Management (KM) infrastructure is said to be one of the strategies with which firm innovativeness can be promoted. It is in view of this that this study was conducted to examine the relationship between KM infrastructural capabilities and innovativeness of SMEs in Benue state, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey design. The population for this study consisted of 1370 employees from 14 SMEs in Benue State. The research focused only on SMEs with up to 50 employees. These SMEs were selected from the three business hubs in the state (Makurdi, Gboko and Otukpo) which covers all the geo-political zones of the State. This number cut across business activities like manufacturing, food processing, bakery, table water, schools, hoteling and ICT. Through purposive sampling technique, Five hundred and eighteen (518) employees from the selected SMEs (i.e. 37 from each) made up the sample size for the study. A self-administered-adopted questionnaire was employed to collect quantitative data for hypothesis testing. Five hundred and eighteen (518) questionnaires were issued out to the respondents however, only four hundred and forty five (445) responses validly retrieved and included in analysis. Data were statistically analyzed after being collected from the field with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v. 21). Pearson Correlation Analysis was employed in determining the relationship between the independent variables (technological, cultural and structural infrastructures) and the dependent variable (SMEs innovativeness). Multiple regression analysis on the other hand tested the extent of effect of independent variables on the dependent variable at 0.05 level of significance. The result of Pearson Correlation Analysis revealed that all the infrastructural dimensions (technology, culture and structure) significantly relate with SMEs Innovativeness. The result of multiple regression analysis showed a higher effect of cultural infrastructural dimension followed by technology and structure with a low effect though positive. Therefore, it is recommended among others that SMEs need to double their support for the use of technological facilities and develop the desired trainings for the operation of technological facilities.

DNA barcoding especially used in the field of molecular biology that uses primers with 500-700 segments to classify various species at molecular and genetic level. This review focuses on the role of DNA barcoding in conservation of biodiversity and current applications for the discovery of species. Some species of plants and animals remain unidentified at molecular level. DNA barcoding uses molecular tools for the discovery of species found in natural ecosystem and playing important role in biodiversity conservation. Genetic barcoding mainly focuses on conservation strategies on populations due to differences found in the mitochondrial DNA. The most commonly used DNA barcodes for the plant species are ITS, rbcL, psbA-trnH and matK. DNA barcodes has several applications for the detection of plants species by providing specific information about the taxa. There is need to use DNA barcoding in combinations with other sciences such as ecology and taxonomy methods for conservation of biodiversity. There is also need to use databases for appropriate storage of data about species to conserve biodiversity.

This study aims to find out the relationship between self-disclosure and interpersonal communication of MTs Lab IKIP Al Washliyah students. The research design used descriptive correlational with quantitative methods. Data collection techniques used a questionnaire. The questionnaires were self-disclosure questionnaire and interpersonal communication questionnaire. The self-disclosure questionnaire amount 34 statements and the interpersonal communication questionnaire amount 35 statements which were previously tested and analyzed to obtain validity and reliability. Based on the results of research in MTs Lab IKIP Al Washliyah Medan using the calculation of product moment correlation of the two variables of self-disclosure (X) and interpersonal communication (Y) that robserved 0,435> rtable 0,284. Then it is revealed that there is a significant relationship between self-disclosure and student interpersonal communication.

This study investigates the high school principal’s role in the students’ misbehavior. The findings indicated that this role is a central one, as principals in secondary education are called to design, inspire and implement strategies and policies effectively. Furthermore, it was concluded that both the contribution of the state with training, funding, and a well defined legislative context, and the harmonious cooperation between principals and the Teachers’ and Parents’ Associations is crucial, for this principals’ role to be successfully fulfilled.

The aim of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness of arthroscopic lysis and lavage as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for management of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. Method: A systematic review will be conducted according to the guidance of Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Search strategy will be tailored according to Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study design (PICOS) approach. Ovid Medline, CINAHL Complete, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane centre register for clinical trials and Pub-med data bases will be searched from1975 to 2020. Truncation, Boolean and Proximity operators will be applied as appropriate. Cochrane’s tool for risk of bias assessment will be used for randomised trials and for non-randomised studies, Newcastle Ottawa Scale will be used. Narrative synthesis will be conducted for all the included studies and if an adequate data were available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Significance: The study will systematically assess the therapeutic potential of arthroscopic lysis and lavage and define its position in the ladder of management of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in comparison to other lines of treatment. It will also investigate the diagnostic limit of temporomandibular joint arthroscopy in assessment of disc status and its ability to detect adhesions and perforations in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging.