Superficial myofibroblastoma (SMF) of the lower female genital tract is a rare, recently recognized benign mesenchymal tumor. We report a very rare case of a superficial myofibroblastoma located in the hymenal ring of a 35 years old Virgin women. On examination, she had a circumscribed nodular mass, located in the posterior portion of the hymen, and exteriorized by the vulvar cleft, measuring approximately 34cm. The surgical treatment was based on local resection, and an hymenoplasty to preserve the virginity of our patient. The histopathological examination revealed a hypocellular tumor, composed of spindle tumor cells with myofibroblastic differentiation, and the presence of nuclear polymorphism, making it difficult to distinguich from a sarcamatous origin. The immunohistochemistry evaluation helped to obtain the diagnosis of SMF, by showing reactivity for estrogen and progesterone receptors, desmin, CD34. The knowledge of the clinicopathological aspect of superficial myofibroblastma is essential to distinguish it from the other mesenchymal lesions of the lower female genital tract. The treatment of this particular localization should consider the preservation of the hymenal ring especially in our cultural context.

Background: Gallstones are the major culprits for gallbladder pathologies. More than 95% of biliary tract disease is attributable to cholelithiasis (gallstones). Most patients are unaware of the disease and remain asymptomatic for life. Aim: To determine morphological characterization of gallstones in cholecystectomy specimens to understand its association with etiology. Material and Methods: All cholecystectomy specimens having gallstones received at the Department of Pathology over a period of four years were studied for morphological characterization. Results: Out of 178 gallbladders showing calculi, patients of 5thand 7th decade (24.15% and 21.92%) were commonly affected and majority were females (69%) when compared to males (31%). Most common calculi were mixed type of stones (64.04%). 48.88% gallbladders were having round to oval shaped calculi, 24.15% were polyhedral, multifaceted and 26.97% were irregular in shape. Conclusion: The population of the present study showed mixed type of calculi as common observation which depicts its etiology of change in lifestyle with following western diets and concurrent infectious cause.

Background: We evaluated the predictive power of the C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio for intraparenchymal injury and the severity thereof in patients with head trauma. Methods: One hundred and seventy-five consecutive adult patients with head trauma admitted to our tertiary care emergency department from January to December 2017 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into the following two groups: those without (group 1) and with (group 2) pathological findings related to head trauma on cranial computed tomography (CCT). The patients were also divided into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of traumatic parenchymal lesions (e.g., brain swelling, cerebral contusion, intracerebral hematoma, and pneumocephalus, defined as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Observations and Results: CCT revealed that 124 (70.8%) patients had pathological findings (CCT+), of which skull fracture was the most common (n = 50 patients). Compared to head trauma patients without pathological lesions on CCT (group 2), the mean serum CRP/albumin ratio was significantly elevated in patients with pathological lesions (group 1). Of the 175 patients, 104 (59.4%) exhibited trauma-related parenchymal lesions on CCT. Compared to head trauma patients without TBI, the mean serum CRP/albumin ratio was markedly elevated in patients with TBI. Conclusions: An increase in the serum CRP/albumin ratio in patients with TBI enables discrimination of those with and without pathological lesions on CCT. The CRP/albumin ratio might be predictive of trauma-related parenchymal lesions in patients with head trauma.

Ovarian cancers account for about 3% of all cancers in women and is one of the leading causes of mortality among all cancers of the female genital tract. The study aimed to record the histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms over two years in a tertiary care hospital. This retrospective study was done for a period of 2 years (JUNE 2017 to JUNE 2019) in the Department of Pathology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore. Here we studied 114 cases of ovarian mass specimens, which were fixed in 10%formalin. 4-5micrometer thick sections were cut on a microtome and stained by H and E stain for Histopathological Examination. In this study, 114 cases of ovarian neoplasms were analyzed. Out of these, 101 were benign, three were borderline and 10 were malignant. Histopathologically, surface epithelial tumors were the commonest (96). The second most common was germ cell tumor (10) followed by sex cord-stromal tumors (8). Benign tumors were frequent in 31-40 years of age, borderline tumors in 21-30 years of age, and malignant tumors in 41-50 years of age group. Ovary is a common site of neoplasia in the female genital tract and usually presents with a variety of clinicomorphological and histological features. The study revealed an increased incidence of malignancy because patients usually present in advanced stages of the disease, and this is an alarming finding.

Obesity and health problems have been observed that reduces productivity and increases absenteeism. Although the relationship between health and productivity is strong, few studies have examined whether the level of obesity and physical activity affect the absence from work and how the health-related habits are affected. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between job stress body fat, physical fitness levels, health-related habits and absenteeism, among 440 office workers of public sector and private sector companies of Greece employee population. Significant differences observed in the absence days between normal weight (NW) individuals (3.07 ± 1.7), overweight (8.56 ± 3.08) and obese (12.62 ± 10.1). The regression analysis model present an R value of 0.814, p<0.05 and shows that 65.8 % of variance in absenteeism is being explained by body fat percentage, VO2max flexibility level and the job stressors role and demand In addition, NW employees consume significantly less fast food meals (2.26 ± 1.76) a week compared to overweight (3.72 ± 1.91) and obese (3.54 ± 1.61). This study provides evidence that obesity and lack of physical activity affect the absent days from work. Higher body fat is also associated with unhealthy attitudes.

Cord infection remains a significant cause of death among neonates in the developing world. Its prevention using the appropriate cleaning agent is key to ensuring the neonates stay free and safe during the period of cord care. This study was conducted to assess the awareness and use of chlorhexidine gel (CHG) in the prevention of neonatal sepsis among nurses and midwives in selected health facilities in Abeokuta. The descriptive study utilized a purposive sampling technique and a questionnaire derived from literature review to collect data from 42 respondents in three selected health facilities in Abeokuta. Findings revealed that while 31% were aware of the recommendation favoring the use of CHG for cord care, only 10% understood that the recommended strength for umbilical cord care is the aqueous solution or gel delivering 4% chlorhexidine. Prevention of umbilical cord infection should center on meticulous care of the umbilical cord with the use of chlorhexidine (CHG) which is the recommended cleaning agent. It is therefore recommended that a seminar or conference should be organized for nurses and midwives as this will increase awareness on the use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care and its benefits.

There is at present no comprehensive consensus on methodology and data collection for ABR surveillance. Schedule surveillance in most countries is often based on samples taken from patients with severe infections– particularly infections associated with health care, and those in which first-line treatment has failed. Community-acquired infections are almost positively under represented among samples, leading to gaps in coverage of important patient groups. Increasing incomes and a growing population are driving an increased demand for animal products in India, as is the case in other low and middle-income countries. Food animals are measured as key reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with the use of antibiotics in the food production industry having contributed to the actual global challenge of ABR. In the modern era the utilization of dietary chicken is gradually increasing in India because more chicken is being consumed by the non-vegetarian populations. The recommended levels of AMAs in feed were 5- 10g/kg in 1950's and have since increased 10-20 times. The present case study is conducted in Dehradun region of Uttrakhand state of India to evaluate and assess the antibiotics mistreatment in the population. Center for Science and Environment (CSE) report indicating antibiotic residues in poultry is considered as ground motive to analyze the locality and record their antibiotic uses outcomes. The present surveillance based on the questionnaire survey; participants were interviewed with open and closed-ended questions. A total 100 individuals were involved in the study. 60% of the patients consult a doctor before starting antibiotics whereas 40% of the patients accepted that they do not consult a doctor before starting antibiotics. The recent history to suffer from a viral disease was positive in 60%. Consequently, it is accomplished that non-vegetarians are at great risk of developing antibiotic resistant due to irrational use of antibiotics among poultry along with adverse drug reaction of ADRs. The development & progression of Antibiotic resistant in Indian patients is influenced by their socioeconomic class.

Background: The population of persons living with diabetes and hypertension is increasing worldwide. Despite this increment, data on this subgroup of patients is scarce. Objective: To study the socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients living with type 2 diabetes and hypertension co-morbidity. Subject and methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the cardiology unit of the department of Internal Medicine University of Portharcourt Teaching Hospital. One hundred and sixty adults18years and above living with hypertension and diabetes were recruited. 80 adults living with hypertension matched for age and sex served as control. Data on patient’s age, sex, duration of hypertension, DM, family history of diabetes , hypertension, history of sedentary life style, alcohol consumption, peripheral neuropathy, smoking and ischemic heart disease, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure ,pulse pressure, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile and serum electrolyte ,urea and creatinine were obtained. Results: The mean age of the cases was 57.51±9.1 years. There were 60% females and 40% males among the cases. Family history of DM and hypertension were found in 81(50.6%) and 107 (66.9%) respectively. History of ischemic heart disease was positive in 63(39.4%) of the cases and positive in 40(50%) of the controls. The mean body mass index was statistically higher in the cases compared to the controls (29.46±4.4kg/m2 vs 26.66±4.40kg/m2 p=0.022). The prevalence of sedentary life style was significantly higher in the cases than the controls 58(36.2%) vs 19(23.8%)p=0.001). The systolic BP and triglyceride of the cases and control were comparable. Mean e-EGFR was significantly lower in the cases than the controls 68.98±25.14mls/min vs 88.33±28.94ml/min. Conclusion: Sedentary lifestyle, obesity and renal impairment were common in people living with hypertension diabetes co-morbidity. Ischemic heart disease based on history was less common.

Kalamegha (Andrographis paniculata) is a medicinal plant conventionally used for the treatment of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antispasmodic, antidiabatic, anti carcinogenic, Hepatoprotective ,antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, nematocidal, anti-HIV and numerous infectious diseases ranging from malaria to dysentery. The plant is extensively used in ayurvedic and homeopathic systems of medicines. The drugs are said to be lord of all plants, as it conquers number of diseases. In Samhita and Chikitsa grantha, Kiratatikta and Kalamegha drugs are very frequently indicated in diseases like Daah, Kasa, Jawaragan, Swans, Udar. In the present work an attempt has been made to emphasize the folk herbal medicine which will aid in the identification of fresh as well as dried crude sample of leaves anatomically and Pharmacognostical. The study deals with macroscopic, microscopic, phytochemical analysis and TLC fingerprinting. These studied will provide referentially information for correct identification and for standardization.

The production process is inseparable from a problem or reject product. PT. XYZ is a flexible packaging converter manufacturing company that has commitment in maintaining quality to reduce reject products. During the period January 2018 - December 2018 the reject value is still above the standard. This study aims to determine the factors causing the reject products of oil pack at PT. XYZ and proposed improvement to control of reject oil pack products. The results of pareto diagram show the reject that gave the biggest contribution is dirty in the printing process, thickness and wrinkle in the lamination process, and saggy in the slitting process. These four factors were analyzed using a fishbone diagram and then propose improvements for the causes of problems with the 5W and 1H methods. The analysis using cause and effect diagrams found that the main causes are the lack of supervision and inconsistency of the operator; poor maintenance of the engine unit; setting machine parameters and order schedules that not precise; the lack of supply and quality of raw materials. And then propose improvements with the 5W1H methods. The proposed improvements are briefing SOP and making engine alarm system; do maintenance, repair or replacement of damaged machine units; setting the machine parameters and order scheduling; monitoring the availability and quality of raw materials. The evaluation results of improvements can reduce the reject in the printing process 45%, the lamination 23% and the slitting 40%.

The success in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and subsequent improvement of quality of life by the three approved phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil) has led to an explosion of illicit sexual performance enhancement products. Several cases of adulteration of herbal aphrodisiac products with Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE-5) and/or their unapproved analogues’ have been reported worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate herbal aphrodisiac preparations for the presence of sildenafil in northwest Nigeria. An isocratic Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the determination of sildenafil was adopted and modified for this study. Fifty aphrodisiac herbal preparations were sampled and screened for the presence of sildenafil. Calibration curve was found to be linear within the concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml (r2 = 0.999); the method is precise (% RSD <2) and accurate (% recovery 98-100). Sixteen samples (32 %) were identified to be adulterated with sildenafil; the compounded concentrations in the products were found to be within the range of 0.45-39.8 mg of sildenafil per dose. Thus, consumption of these products could lead to serious health risks; hence the need for an immediate intervention by relevant stakeholders to safeguard public health.

Fishes are considered to be most significant bioindicator in aquatic systems for the estimation of toxic metal pollution or facet of the impact of toxic substances on the natural environment. This study aimed to analyze the Hazard Assessment of Some Toxic Elements in Clarias gariepinus (Cat fish) and Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia fish) from Tagwai Reservoir Minna, Niger State Nigeria and the health risk associated with their consumption. The water samples were collected from Tagwai Reservoir and analyzed for water physicochemical properties (pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and temperature) using a standard method and concentrations of heavy metal in fish and water, As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were analyze using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The Bioaccumulation factor and health risk (daily intake, health risk index and hazard index) from the consumption of these fishes was assessed using standard methods and formula. All samples (fish and water) collected were digested using a modified procedure from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and were subsequently analyzed using AAS. The result of the physicochemical properties and Heavy metal concentration in water and fishes shows a significant increase (P<0.05) in parameters. The values of physicochemical properties were dissolve oxygen (5.03 mg/l), pH (5.75), Temperature (32.45 ºC), and electrical conductivity (691.52 mg/l) which are significantly higher than the WHO recommended values. Water and fish samples from Tagwai reservoir were contaminated with HMs. The concentration of HMs on fish from Tagwai reservoir were all greater than the maximum permissible limit of metals As (0.01), Cd (0.05), Cr (1.5), Hg (0.01), and Pb (0.3 mg/kg) of HMs in fish as recommended by FAO/WHO. Total hazard Index of all metals in O. niloticus, and C.gariepinus from Tagwai reservoir were 2.65 and 3.07 respectively. This conclude that fish in Tagwai reservoir are contaminated with HMs with deleterious effect on fishes and also bioaccumulate in the fish. The risk assessment shows that fish in Tagwai reservoir are contaminated with potentially toxic elements and could pose health risk from heavy metal contamination when consume via food chain.

The utilization of botanicals has gained more significance because of its natural origin and high therapeutic significance. The plant Nicker Bean botanical known as Caesalpinia bonducella has been used in diverse system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. The Plant has been reported as anti-asthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-filarial, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, activity. The work deals with preliminary Pharmacognostical studies of Caesalpinia bonducella seed, further seed extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) were evaluated for radical scavenging activity

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and serum lipid effects of the leaf extract of Momordica charantia on male wistar rats. The animals were divided into three (3) groups of six (6) rats each. Group one (1) served as control and received distilled water. Group two (2) and group three (3) were treated with 200mg/kg bw and 400mg/kg bw of the hydromethanol extract respectively. Extract was orally administered once daily for 30 days. The results obtained showed that the extract caused a significant increase in the catalase and gluthathione enzyme activity and a significant reduction of malondialdehyde level. There were no significant alterations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations. The lipid ratios like the Castelli’s Risk Index I and II were not affected. This study showed that, the leaf extract of Momordica charantia demonstrated anti-oxidant effects but did not influence risk ratios for developing cardiovascular diseases in wistar rats.

The current study evaluated the sedative and anxiolytic activity of methanol extract of Nerium oleander (Family: Apocynaceae) leaves alongside with its phytochemical screening. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of reducing sugar, tannin, glycoside, flavonoids, alkaloids, gum and protien. The methanol extract of Nerium oleander (MENO) was evaluated for sedative activity using the mice model open field test and hole cross test. The effect of MENO on central nervous system (CNS) for anxiolytic activity was determined by light/dark Box, elevated plus maze test and whole board test using swiss albino mice as experimental animal. The MENO showed significant (p<0.05) sedative effect at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in Open field test and Hole cross test. The present study demonstrated that MENO showed significant (p<0.05) anxiolytic effect at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in light-dark box test and elevated plus maze test. The movement of mice decreased significantly in hole-board test after the administration of MENO at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, which indicates the potential anxiolytic activity. The present study indicates that the MENO possesses sedative and anxiolytic activity which trend to justify its use as traditional medicine. So, the plant may be further subjected to chemical investigation to isolate and purify the bioactive compound(s) responsible for its pharmacological activity.