This study investigates the high school principal’s role in the students’ misbehavior. The findings indicated that this role is a central one, as principals in secondary education are called to design, inspire and implement strategies and policies effectively. Furthermore, it was concluded that both the contribution of the state with training, funding, and a well defined legislative context, and the harmonious cooperation between principals and the Teachers’ and Parents’ Associations is crucial, for this principals’ role to be successfully fulfilled.

The aim of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness of arthroscopic lysis and lavage as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for management of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. Method: A systematic review will be conducted according to the guidance of Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Search strategy will be tailored according to Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study design (PICOS) approach. Ovid Medline, CINAHL Complete, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane centre register for clinical trials and Pub-med data bases will be searched from1975 to 2020. Truncation, Boolean and Proximity operators will be applied as appropriate. Cochrane’s tool for risk of bias assessment will be used for randomised trials and for non-randomised studies, Newcastle Ottawa Scale will be used. Narrative synthesis will be conducted for all the included studies and if an adequate data were available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Significance: The study will systematically assess the therapeutic potential of arthroscopic lysis and lavage and define its position in the ladder of management of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in comparison to other lines of treatment. It will also investigate the diagnostic limit of temporomandibular joint arthroscopy in assessment of disc status and its ability to detect adhesions and perforations in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging.

Perjury as an offence has often been relegated to the confines of paper books. This is despite the tons of witnesses and deponents who intentionally and willfully base their testimonies on falsehood and lies, and the plausible sanctions spelt out in various criminal codes, making the reason for the lukewarmness of the offence a wonder and its relevance a doubt. It is for this reason that this thesis emerged. This paper, therefore, evaluates perjury from majorly four countries of Nigeria, United States, Scotland and India, exposes what their law on perjury is, compares their different provisions as it bothers on what can be perjurious, analyses the basis of the law and highlights thoughts to help cover the loopholes in the law. The paper further explores judicial attitude to legal lies, the circumstances where perjury is said to have been committed and the conviction therein, making a comparison of the decisions. The paper is concluded with several observations, challenges facing the seeming irrelevance of the law and offer of recommendations. Some of the suggestions is to limit the definition of perjury, extend its scope to claimants and plaintiffs, extend criminal culpability in the law to persons who aided and counseled the perjury, as well as the parastatals in charge of justice remind lawyers and the public on the effect of perjury and the need to enforce it.

This paper investigates the complex developments of identity in contemporary Africa considering that the emergence of identity politics is a consequence of the extraordinarily rapid and profound upheavals and transformations of human society at the turn of the 21stcentury. Contemporary world has considerably opened up and extraordinarily shrunk in specific historical circumstances. The act of migration particularly, is one that profoundly changes the individual, transforming the relationship of the migrant with his home country and new host country and then impacting their identity as a result. The expanding use of the term, identity politics, is scrutinized in this work and attempts are made at delineating its unwieldy parameters. This in turn reflects the socio-political composition of African societies.

Optimization is a common method to improve the performance of a stock portfolio. However, it was unclear what performance to expect for a risk switch (RS) strategy and a moving average adjusted long only momentum (MA MOM) strategy as a benchmark. The research question was: how does a RS strategy with optimized portfolios perform in comparison to equal weights and to a benchmark for U.S. stocks? In this study, high Betas during winter and low Idiosyncratic Volatility during summer were computed to construct the RS portfolios. The computations required to consider a capital asset price model, Sharpe ratios, Efficient Frontier, F-test next to others. I find in this study that an optimization was only most profitable for a RS strategy, with a percentile range of rRS [0.56; 2.52% per month] during 2009 until 2019, and for Dow Jones Industrial Average stock market data. The findings are relevant for investors and portfolio managers who optimize portfolios and are interested to apply a RS or a MA MOM strategy.

Due to the inadequate extension of drinking water distribution network, the population of Bangangte town just like other towns of Cameroon, get water from wells, springs and rivers whose quality is questionable. The consumption of this water, infected by micro-organisms, predisposes the population to water borne diseases. Added to the problem of quantity, is that of quality. This study wants to establish a correlation between the difficulties of access to drinking water and the frequency of water borne diseases in Bangangte town. The methodology used is highly based on households' survey, which permitted the researcher to make a difference between the problem raised and the types of water borne diseases encountered. These inquiries were completed by the collection of clinical data, physico-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of six water samples. The outcome was that, elements of the physical and human milieu are incriminated. As such, only the adoption of methods of water treatment at home is the appropriate solution.

Being the second inhabited country within the world, the Asian country is facing an increasing state. Among the trade that’s developing the welcome and commercial enterprise trade plays an important role in increasing job opportunities. This can be conjointly the trade wherever several area units trained and formed as entrepreneurs thanks to the most important social crisis "unemployment'', it's wise to train additional entrepreneurs. This leads several to face the social challenge of the state by being associate businessperson, help themselves with their own business and making opportunities for others. In recent years, people have become more and more forward on starting up their businesses even in small-scale due to unemployment and various reasons. One of those small-scale, creative and developing such businesses is Home Baking. Home baking Entrepreneurs or Entrepreneurial Home bakers always have numerous possibilities in doing their business. These Entrepreneurs who do home baking have more freedom than most of the commercial bakers since they don’t have limiters that are faced by the commercial bakers. Starting it as a hobby, developing it as a skill and finally making it has asset an Entrepreneurial Home baker’s growth is slow but at the same time, it is very steady and broad in Home baking. This growth process may vary from each Entrepreneurial Home baker. A Home Baker’s role in Entrepreneurship is also an effort in improving entrepreneurship in India thus decreasing unemployment, increasing the opportunities for self-employment and the number of employers. This study helps us to understand the role of Home bakers in Entrepreneurship in detail with various studies such as case study of Home bakers, a comparative study with commercial bakers and snowball study on home baking.

Introduction: The socio-economic aspects of livelihood of Galo tribe are largely based on agriculture and forests and rely heavily on working together as a community. The way they eat is strongly influenced by how they are living. Objective: The study is to provide a complete overview of the livelihood systems and food habits of Galo tribe. Method and Materials: The study will primarily be qualitative, but it also has a limited quantitative component. The research design for this project uses a combination of descriptive and exploratory methods. This descriptive aspect documents the dietary habits, patterns, and livelihoods of the Galo tribe. Results and Discussion: Most local communities are dependent on forests, trees and natural CPRs for their food and fuel wood requirements. The community possesses good health and their health management is purely nature-based and environment friendly. The lifestyles of tribes and Indigenous peoples - such as economic systems, social structures, cultural aspects, and political systems - are affected by and adapted to changes in the environment they depend upon. Conclusion: Natural resources are the basis for rural livelihood development. Forest is an important natural resource providing livelihood to rural communities besides lots of environmental services to the human settlements.

The role of education in human development cannot be overemphasized. To most of us, the basic function of education is to develop, in holistic terms an all-round, well-balanced and self-functioning human person. The emphasis on the intellectual development of the human person is premised on the need to produce an individual capable of translating what is learnt into pragmatic programs as to be able to improve conditions under which we find ourselves and be a better, rational and global citizen. This article explores the need for education in the critical faculty as the best avenue for inculcation of skills, dispositions and traits definitive of value creating education for human development.

Omphalocele (exomphalos) is one of the most common abdominal wall defects. The size of the defect and the severity of the associated anomalies determine the prognosis, the morbidity and mortality of this pathology. Prenatal screening and diagnosis of the abdominal wall defect and concurrent anomalies is important as it allows for effective prenatal counseling and optimal perinatal management. The purpose of this article is to discuss the approach to prenatal diagnosis and management of omphalocele through two cases reported.

Every youth in Maiduguri was suspected to be a member of the Boko Haram group by the Military, Youths who were not part of the Boko Haram ideology were viewed as infidels by the sect group. Hence, they were caught up in a cross road in between the Boko Haram group and the military. This situation informed the youth’s resident in Hausari ward of Maiduguri to organize themselves into groups to fish out the members of Boko Haram and hand them over to the Military. The main objective of the study is to analyse the indirect approach of counter insurgency in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to assess the indirect approach of counter insurgency. And how such indirect approach in Nigeria by the military joint task force in collaboration with the Civilian joint task force in the North East has contributed in curbing insurgency, and also to assess the views of the community on the indirect approach of Civilian Joint Task Force in counter insurgency measures in Borno state. The study adopted Social Contract Theory as the theoretical framework for analysis. Thomas Hobbes noted that regulation can be accomplished if all civic enrol into an undertaken to give up their single ability to the supreme, in return for the care and protection of life and property. Simply put, that it is the obligation of the state to shield its citizens from danger. The resident in Borno state had hitherto surrendered their individual rights to the state and yet the state has not protected the people, hence the coming together of individuals to establish their own security organisation that is, the Civilian Joint Task Force in Maiduguri to bridle the activities of Boko Haram that has bedevilled the society. The data was obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources derived from the questionnaire, while the secondary data were obtained from the review of relevant literatures. Purposive sampling techniques were used. One hundred and fifty (150) respondents constitute the sample size but only one hundred and forty six (146) were found suitable for the analysis. The questionnaire was administered in Bolori 1, Bolori 2, Bulablin, fezzan,Gamboru, Gwange 1, Gwange 2, Gwange 3, Hausari/zango, Lamisula, Jabba, Limanti, Mafoni, Maisandari, Shehuri North, Shehuri South. Sample was drawn from each cluster to represent the whole population of Maiduguri Metropolitan area. The researcher opted for this sample size given the nature of the study. The data was analysed using frequencies, tables and simple percentages. The data indicated that there is indirect engagement of the youths through the Youth Community Mobilization and volunteer groups in curbing insurgency in Maiduguri, Borno State. It also showed that the groups serve as local intelligence providing information to the arm forces. The youths have been instrumental in identifying and arresting suspected Boko Haram members and handing them over to the arm forces. The relationship between the arm forces and the volunteer groups is cordial in curbing insurgency in Maiduguri. The indirect approach is welcomed in Maiduguri and the members of the community believe that youth groups should be part of the security operations in Maiduguri Metropolis and the entire region bedevilled with insurgency. It is recommended that the federal and state government should encourage the youths who have been courageous in the fight against terrorism, by providing incentives and adequate logistics. This is to guarantee potency in their operation. To heighten the relationship between the arm forces and the Community mobilisation Task Force and the volunteer groups. There should be adequate legislative frame work for the procedure of mediate engagement of the topical in conflict resolution in form of vigilante groups.

Background: Out of different cartilages of larynx, cricoid is the strongest cartilage. It is the only cartilage which extends completely around the air passage. Renewed interest in subglottic stenosis recently has underscored the importance of detailed knowledge of cricoid cartilage. Aim: To study morphometric features of cricoid cartilage in adult human cadavers and also to compare the measurements of the cricoid cartilage between male and female. Materials & Methods: Larynx specimens of South Indian population, were collected from 62 cadavers (Male: 31, Female: 31) from postmortem bodies from the department of Forensic medicine, MMC and RI, Mysore for a period of 18 months from Nov 2013 to April 2015. Following four parameters like height of arch and lamina, outer Antero-Posterior and Transverse diameters were measured using digital vernier caliper in mm on each cricoid cartilage and the observations were tabulated. Results: Mean value of height arch of cricoid cartilage was 5.97±0.94 in male and 4.94±1.01 in female. Mean value of height of lamina was 21.3±1.9 in male, 17.91±2.29 in female. Mean value of outer antero-posterior (AP) diameter was 23.84±2.43 in males and 19.18±2.34 in female. The mean value of outer transverse diameter was 25.53±2.23 in male and19.29±2.52 in female. Conclusion: The mean values of all parameters of cricoid cartilage were more in males compared to females. The mean value of outer AP diameter was equal to the mean transverse diameters in females. Where as in males and the mean transverse diameter was more than AP diameter.

There are many potential harms associated with self-medication such as, toxicity, drug resistance, serious adverse effects, drug interactions, drug abuse and dependence, still it is being practiced widely for various reasons such as to save time & cost, to prevent symptoms or to treat minor illnesses, unavailability of doctors etc. The endeavor of this study was to describe and evaluate the self-medication practices, reasons behind self-medication & use of antibiotics without prescription among pharmacy students in northern India, using a structured questionnaire. The study was conducted in March 2015 with in 100 students from pharmacy field & related disciplines. Data concerning demographic characteristics, medication use habit, and self-medication were collected through a validated questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions. Medication knowledge was evaluated by the number of correct answers. Paracetamol & NSAIDs (89%) were found to be most frequently used OTC medicines for headache/ Fever. around 60% students consider self-medication for GI disease, 33% for skin disease & local injury, and 32% for ophthalmic ailments. Pharmacy students has significant knowledge about drugs. they were familiar about correct name, dose, associated side effects of drugs. Friends, Relatives and medicine retail shops are evaluated to be responsible for promoting self-medication among the pharmacy students. The presence of pharmacists in all medicine retail outlet can play a significant role to prevent self-medication harm. Immediate actions to promote healthcare under qualified Health Care Professionals should be considered by policy makers.

Competency Based Education (CBE) programme is being implemented in Kenya’s primary and secondary schools. It is believed that competency based education programme will not only make Kenyan students more competitive in the national and global markets, but will also effectively promote competiveness, innovation and will facilitate the acquisition of 21st Century skills among Kenyan students. However, implementation of the competency based education programme has been dogged by controversies and disagreements among various education stakeholders in the country. The controversial issues include perceived limited consultation of stakeholders and the preparedness and readiness of teachers and schools to effectively implement CBE programme. Stakeholders have also raised concern about inadequate teaching and learning resources, overcrowded classrooms, dealing with low ability students and learners. These issues have sparked heated debates and disagreements among stakeholders on teachers’ and schools’ preparedness to effectively implement competency based education programme. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of stakeholder consultation process on implementation of competency based education programme in public primary schools in Kisumu east Sub- County, Kenya. Descriptive research design was used. The target population was 1242 consisting of lower grade teachers, head teachers and member of parents’ associations from 46 public primary schools in Kisumu East Sub County. A sample size of 291 was computed using Krecjie and Morgan [1]. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Simple random and stratified sampling procedures were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations; while inferential statistics included Pearson’s correlation(r), co-efficient of determination (R2), Anova Test (p value) and Beta coefficients (β). There was significant positive relationship between stakeholder consultation process and implementation of CBE programme in public primary schools. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and other education policy advisors should strengthen consultations with all the stakeholders to ensure effective and sustainable implementation of CBE programme in the country.

Aim: The present study aimed to identify undergraduate student’s perceptions of endodontic treatment through a survey, which analyzed student profiles and their difficulties. Materials and methods: Fifty students who had experienced endodontic, laboratory or clinical procedures responded a survey based on their experiences, concerning their perceptions, experience and self confidence levels. Results: About 50.9% of the undergraduates noted having some trouble when taking periapical radiographs. About 67% of the undergraduates had problems identifying root canals. Whereas in case of intracanal medication and irrigation doesn’t pose any significant difficulty. Conclusion: This survey study helped to discover various loop-holes in the education agenda which, if changed correctly, would be of great help to both the quality of undergraduate’s performance and the time dentistry schools spend trying to deal with these issues.