The model of public infrastructure provision in the domains of health, education and roads in the Wum Municipality is typical of Cameroonian society. It proves incommensurate with the growing knowledge endowment, technological advances and challenges in these domains. In this article, the authors examine the socio-economic challenges and impacts of the public infrastructure provision model. To achieve this objective, data were collected through direct observation, interviews and focus group discussions and complemented by documentary explorations, where related works in public institutions and online publications were consulted. A GPS Garmin model device was used to locate realised infrastructure and on-going projects. Photographs were taken using a smart phone, (Sony type) to enable the materialization of the observed phenomena. Google scholar was the principal research engine through which documents were obtained from the internet. The findings revealed a mixed scenario, precarious on one hand and promising in the other based on the indicators of progress and retrogression concomitantly observed. Using this model, results show that the provision of social facilities like schools, health centres benefited the population in terms of accessibility improvement. The same results revealed that this centralized state-led model of provision of livelihood facilities has created a societal problem – unsustainability of public infrastructure. This is noticed from the rapid degradation of recently executed projects. The phenomenon has further helped to accentuate poverty in the municipality. The paper concludes that project owners and contractors should put in place an efficient and autonomous control system to check the quality of material and technicians used in the process of public infrastructure provision.

Cobalt chloride solutions exhibit different colours in different solvents thus displaying solvatochromic behaviour. This study reports spectrophotometric investigation of solvatochromic behavior of cobalt chloride solutions in different polar protic and aprotic solvents. The results are discussed in correlation with solvent properties such as dielectric constant, hydrogen bonding ability of solvent, ratio between hydrocarbon chain length and number of polar groups. Spectrophotometric analysis of solutions was carried out to understand interaction between solvent and cobalt salt as well as probable molecular structure of salt-solvent complex. The results showed that most of the polar protic solvents displayed pink color and polar aprotic ones showed blue colour. When the results with a series of alcoholic solvents were compared it was found that colour is not only a function of hydrogen bonding ability of solvent but also depends on hydrocarbon chain length.

The purpose of this study was to review the role of advertising in competitive advantage and brand popularity of business enterprises in general (Samsung Company in Tehran). To this end, 278 managers at Samsung Company dealerships in Tehran were considered as the statistical sample. To collect data, a 57-item researcher-made questionnaire was used who’s face and content validity criteria were approved by 30 experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through a preliminary test given to 30 subjects and the obtained figure came to more than 0.7 for all the examined variables, which is an acceptable level. For data analysis, descriptive statistics method in SPSS software, version 24, and the inferential statistics method and the structural equation modeling in the LISREL software, version 8, were used. Findings of the structural equation modeling indicated that advertising had a direct and positive effect on both the competitive advantage and the brand popularity of Samsung Company, in a way that a one-unit increase in advertising raises the competitive advantage and brand popularity of Samsung Company by 0.60 and 0.51 units, respectively.

A lesion is an area of tissue that has been damaged through injury or disease. So a brain lesion is an area of injury or disease within the brain. While the definition sounds simple, understanding brain lesions can be complicated. That's because there are many types of brain lesions. They can range from small to large, from few to many, from relatively harmless to life-threatening. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used nowadays. Manual delineation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions in MR images by human experts is time-consuming, subjective and prone to inter-expert variability. Therefore, automatic segmentation is needed as an alternative to manual segmentation. In this paper, the 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to extract local information from analyzing MR images. Ensemble decision trees (EDT) and Ensemble support vector machines (ESVM) are used to segment MS lesions and automatically differentiate between blocks in regions of MS lesions and the blocks in non-MS. lesions. We evaluate our approach on real MRI data sets. We can detect MS lesions with accuracy more than 98 %. Technique evaluated using real MRI datasets. The results compared with ground truth. The main contribution of the proposed techniques described in this paper is the use of DWT with Ensemble Machine Learning and solving the problem of imbalanced classification data without changing or losing trained data.

Background: The hyoid bone is of considerable forensic interest because of its susceptibility to fracture during manual strangulation, hanging and other forms of neck compression. It is also frequently injured in road traffic accidents and may cause significant airway concerns. Whatever may be the reasons, why only some hyoid bones fracture and others do not may be related to the nature, magnitude, position of force applied to the neck, age of victim, nature of instrument (ligature or hand) used to strangle and anatomical features of the hyoid bone such as rigidity, shape of the bone and symmetry of greater horns. Aim: To know the incidence of symmetry and isometry of human hyoid bones in both sexes. Materials & Methods: Present study includes 60 hyoid bones (male: female, 30:30) collected from the cadavers of known age and sex during autopsies (October 2013 to April 2016) at Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore. Numbering the bones was done with prefix M/F (M-male, F- female).Their outline was drawn on the graphpaper to study the symmetry and isometry of the bone. Results: 50% of the hyoid bones were symmetrical (M:F – 45%:54%) while remaining 50% were asymmetrical (M:F – 54%:45%). Anisometric bones were more (58%) as compared with isometric (42%) bones in both the sexes. In males 17 bones were anisometric, 13 bones were isometric where as in females 18 bones were anisometric, and 12 bones were isometric. Conclusion: Hyoid bone is not bilaterally symmetrical bone.

Aim of study: The purpose of the study is to understand the knowledge of CAD/CAM amongst various prosthodontists and the materials that they use while fabricating restorations considering the features of this technology. Methodology of study: A questionnaire survey was conducted over an year amongst 40 prosthodontists about the CAD/CAM technology, the materials they generally use to fabricate the restorations and how often they use this technology in their daily practice. Results: Mostly feldspathic porcelain was used in inlays and onlays as well as veneers (76%) whereas only a fraction of prosthodontists used lithium disilicate based materials. In anterior three-unit restorations, many options were considered from porcelain fused to metal (54%), lithium disilicate based materials (28%), to others using cubic zirconia also. In multi- unit posterior restorations, full metal was the commonest (63%) as compared to full contour zirconia. Conclusion: With the advancement taking place digital systems and CAD/ CAM has the potential to change the conventional technologies.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to assess the choices and viewpoints of various Implantologists regarding efficacy of guided implant surgery in the field of prosthodontics. Methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 10 Implantologists over a period of 2 years about the efficacy of guided implant surgery for prosthetic rehabilitation. Results: The results show that Implantologists prefer both static and dynamic computer aided navigation placement of Implants. Dynamic was preferred in cases more (69%), where there was reduced mouth opening as opposed to static navigation systems especially in the posterior region of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Guided implants insertion often permits mini-invasive surgeries without the need to elevate a surgical flap. Computer guided implant surgery may appear to provide dental professionals with a all-inclusive, reliable and detailed solution to sophisti-cated cases bringing about novel and exciting possibilities.

Aim of the study: This study was conducted to demonstrate which treatment option was preferable for the endodontists between single sitting versus multiple sitting Root Canal treatment for posterior teeth. Materials and methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 30 Endodontists to understand their knowledge and selection of cases where single or multiple sitting RCTs are preferred over a time period of a year. Results: Single visit therapy is mostly practiced by practically 65.0% of all endodontists interviewed in cases of vital pulp, but when the biological status of the pulp progresses to being necrotic, then very few still choose this treatment type. Anterior teeth were mostly done in a single sitting as compared to posterior teeth RCTs. Conclusion: The practitioner should not routinely apply one technique to all situations, but rather evaluate the circumstances peculiar to each particular case and then choose the technique that best fits those circumstances.

Except in severe conditions, A. niger it is a highly resistant fungal strain and causes many health issues with respect to asthma and allergy in humans. The fungus, known as the black mold in fruit and vegetables, also leads to the degradation of foodstuffs. Nanomaterials like nanoparticles of different metals are in progress against many diseases and microbial strains. Copper nanoparticles are one of them used against different microbial strains. The current study was designed for the production and characterization of copper nanoparticles and to evaluate their antifungal activities against A. niger. The production of Cu NPs was done by reduction method explained by Kathad and Gajera (2014) and their characterization was done by using UV-visible spectrophotometer. To evaluate their antifungal activity A. niger was grown on PDA medium with different concentrations of Cu NPs. The growth rate of A. niger was evaluated at different time intervals and compared with control. The UV-visible spectra indicated the presences of Cu NPs as maximum absorbance peak was observed at 590 nm. A significant inhibitory effect was observed on growth rate of A. niger at different concentrations of Cu NPs. Comparative analysis of these concentrations depicted that maximum inhibition was observed at 1.5% concentration of CU NPs. It is concluded that copper nanoparticles show antifungal activity and their activity is concentration dependant.

Land is one of the most important natural resources, including land surface (ie water, forests, etc.) and natural resources contained in the land (ie mineral, coal and energy mining materials, etc.). In international relations, Indonesia surrenders to foreign investors the mining business of strategic mining materials that cannot yet be undertaken on its own due to technological and capital reasons, not based on the issue of equitable use of natural resources, but based on fair and civilized human principles. Fair because it receives mining results in a balanced, civilized manner because natural resources can be used conditionally to foreign citizens. Conversely, it is immoral when the weak economy and technology are controlled by those who control technology and are rich. The Indonesian state needs to use force and power to force foreign investors to carry out their obligations, as a form of fulfilling the self-justice of their people, not on a moral basis that foreigners who are already rich are treated better than their own nation. For this reason, justice in the sense of control and utilization of land rights in the State of Indonesia against foreign investment is no longer a moral issue but a matter of power and law.

Leptospirosis is a contemporary zoonotic disease that spread through the direct and indirect contact with animals and its excreta. The rising nuisance of this communicable disease is increasing now days due to handling the pet animals by the family members and allow them upto beds. In most places, placing the pet on the lapses may increase the load of the infections directly from the pet to the humans. The bacterial and serological observations among the infectious individuals are rising steadily but very few eliciting clinical symptoms. Among of the exposures, the immunity scores the individuals and protect from the infection. Eventhough we have good and effective antimicrobials to kill the leptospires and control leptospiral complications, clinicians are not still aware about the pyrexia of unknown origin may be due to leptospirosis. Thus most of the positive cases may leads to chronic state of multiorgan dysfunction to multiorgan failure; in few situations, renal failure, pulmonary and cardiac issues leads to increased mortality. From this review it is requested to all the pet owners to keep your pets in separate place not in your living areas and hopefully asking the clinicians to consider leptospirosis also as one of the suspicions among PUOs.

The purpose of this study was to the authority of the provincial government in the management of coastal sea areas, and the authority of regency/city governments in the management of coastal sea areas. This type of research is normative legal research, using a conceptual approach and a statute approach. The legal materials used in this study consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The legal material that has been described in accordance with the main problem is then distributed, explored and then given an argument so that the whole forms a logically interconnected whole about the disclosure of logical rationale and the ontological basis for the issuance of laws governing coastal marine areas. The results of this study indicate that the regulation of management of marine resources is still centralized so that there are many conflicts with the authority of the Regional Government. The promulgation of Law 23 Year 2014 concerning Regional Government whose authority to manage sea areas is the Provincial Region. This article has aborted Article 18 paragraph (1) of Law 32 Year 2004 which states that Regions that have sea territories are given the authority to process resources in their sea territories. The impact of local governments is the difficulty to guarantee the welfare and/or prosperity of the people in this case the people in the sea area which lead to injustice in realizing the people's constitutional rights.

In the case of Proof, there are several provisions governing evidence related to the provisions of the statutory provisions and are used by judges to prove what is being wrongly accused based on the applicable law and the judge's own conviction. Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, regulates legal evidence, including witness statements, expert statements, letters, instructions and statements of the defendant. In accordance with what has been regulated in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, it can be said that the submission of evidence in the form of electronic documents in a general criminal case or special criminal case can be used as legal evidence, this can be seen by the expansion of the evidence contained in Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law and Article 26 A of Law Number 19 Year 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008, and Article 12 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 30 Year 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission jo. Law Number 19 Year 2019 which explicitly regulates the authority to conduct wiretapping conducted by the Corruption Eradication Commission. For this reason, it is hoped that the government will immediately ratify the Criminal Procedure Code in the future because Article 175 of the Criminal Procedure Draft is included in the legal evidence added to the judge's observation.

The purpose of this study was to find the legal position of Larwul Ngabal in the regional autonomy policy in the Kei Islands. This study uses a sociological-anthropological juridical approach that sees law as a social phenomenon that can be observed in people's life experiences. As an empirical legal research with a sociological-anthropological juridical approach, the data analysis technique is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the existence of Adat Law Larwul Ngabal in supporting the implementation of regional autonomy based on local wisdom in the Kei Islands both in the implementation of governance in Southeast Maluku Regency and Tual City was formally visible with the preparation of several regional regulations based on the values of customary values, but substantially have not been optimized in various local government policies in order to create a safe, fair and prosperous society, because they can be influenced by various factors such as legal factors, political factors and economic factors.

The purpose of this study was to harmonization of laws concerning management of coastal marine areas and synchronization of regulations concerning management of coastal marine areas. This type of research is normative legal research, using a conceptual approach and a statute approach. The legal materials used in this study consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The legal material that has been described in accordance with the main problem is then distributed, explored and then given an argument so that the whole forms a logically interconnected whole about the disclosure of logical rationale and the ontological basis for the issuance of laws governing coastal marine areas. The results of this study indicate that the laws and regulations are not synchronous, which means that they are not in harmony. The disharmony is very influential on the relationship of governmental authority. Because the relationship between the Government and the Regional Government should be synergized with each other in: (a) Carrying out tasks that have been attributed to the legislation, (b) Utilization of natural resources, (c) Granting of licenses, (d) Distribution of Results, (e) Determination of boundaries the region. As for the efforts taken, the government immediately made a norm as mandated in Law No. 23 Year 2014. Which then established the Regional Regulation. The substance of the PP and Perda emphasizes the portion of the Regency/City.