In the moment it is on the market you can meet different types of impression materials differing in their properties and chemical composition. The purpose of the work was to test the cytotoxicity of various types of materials for taking impressions. Material and methods: Samples of 7 different materials (alginates, silicones, impression compound, zinc oxide eugenol, and acrylic) were tested on cell culture Vero CCL-81 in direct contact for a period of 2 hours. Results: One alginate material Elastic Cromo (71.35%) and Impression Compound (80.42%) haven’t negative influence on the cell cultures. Others significantly inhibit the development of cell cultures (Image 34.25%, Zetaplus 11.45%, Stomaflex Putty 8.02%, Repin 10.37%, FITT 28.92%). Conclusion: Most of the impression materials tested have cytotoxic properties.

Acne is known to be a disease of the adolescents affecting approximately 85%-90% of the teenagers. It is most commonly present between the ages of 10 and 13 years in both sexes with the mean age of onset of acne being 11 years in girls and 12 years in boys. Acne is now presenting earlier and lasting longer. This study puts in an effort to find the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Background: Radiologic diagnostic methods for internal resorption include conventional periapical radiography (PA radiography), Complementary metal Oxide Semiconductor imaging (CMOS), Photostimulable phosphor (PSP) imaging and Cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). This study aims to examine the sensitivity and specificity of CBCT, PSP, CCD, and PA Radiography for early diagnosis of internal resorption. Material & methods: 72 single-rooted premolars were divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The teeth were split mesiodistally into two parts. Cavities of 0.3 mm depth were created on the buccal half of the root in middle one third in Group A. In Group B cavities of 0.4 mm, Group C cavities of 0.6 mm and in control Group D no cavities were created. Finally, the teeth fragments were fused using glue, fixed in sockets of one human dry mandible and were examined with the four different procedures. Results: The sensitivity of the four imaging procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption of 0.3 mm was 100%, 60%, 73%, and 53% respectively. However, the sensitivity of all four procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption with 0.4mm and 0.6 mm in depth was the same and equal to 100%. The specificity of the four procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption of any depth was100%, 83%, 100%, and 75% respectively. Conclusion: CBCT provides the most accurate information on the depth and location of root resorption followed by the CMOS and PSP respectively. Conventional intraoral periapical radiography was the least accurate procedure.

In India, the scenario is not different when compared to the world scenario. The best strategies are not able to prevent the complications suggesting that alternative treatment strategies are needed. Insulin-dependent uptake of glucose is reduced in magnesium deficiency. Magnesium supplementation improves glucose tolerance. So one such treatment strategy under research is supplementation of magnesium and its role in primary prevention of diabetes and slowing the progression of complications that is related to the dreaded disease. So before anything it is best to understand the profile of serum magnesium in type 2 Diabetes mellitus. So this study is dedicated for this above said cause.

Postdated pregnancy or in other words the pregnancy which has crossed the EDD is one of the many reasons that causes a great amount of stress to the parents and also the pediatricians. Prolongation of pregnancies complicates pregnancies and carries increased risk to mother and fetus. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the incidence of complications increases after 40 weeks of gestation. The present study conducted to find out the fetal outcome of such prolonged pregnancy. Methods: A prospective study conducted in Department of Pediatrics Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka. Data collected from pregnant women completed 40 week of gestational age admitted in hospital were collected. Aim of study is to know the fetal complications. Result: In our study out of 30 pregnant women were selected. Conclusion: Post term pregnancies require early detection, effective and proper planning management.

Dengue infection of humans occurs from bites of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The mosquito feeds during the day and has a propensity for man-made habitats containing water. Dengue viral infection can present as three broad clinical patterns: Classic dengue, Haemorrhagic fever and Undifferentiated fever. Clinically Liver is often enlarged and tender. There are many articles which has reported the involvement of liver in this disease. The changes can be noted both clinically and also biochemically in which the enzymes are quoted elevated. These features occur in both severe and non-severe dengue cases. Therefore, monitoring for warning signs and other clinical parameters is crucial for recognising progression to critical phase. This study puts in an effort to find the hepatic profile of the patients both clinically and biochemically so as to be useful to the practising physicians.

The disease of the thyroid gland is very common in our country. Though the disease is very common in our country it is often misdiagnosed or neglected thus resulting in a catastrophe for the patient. This study puts in an effort to understand the role of USG in screening the Thyroid Gland. The problem is the abnormalities can be recorded more in the youths which is directly responsible for the health care and economic burden.

Many nail changes are often found in the Department. They are considered the windows to the inner pathologies. The present study was undertaken to study the different types of nail changes seen in a regular dermatology OPD over a period of six month and prepare an epidemiological data on these findings.

This study x-rayed the psychosocial dimensions of stigmatisation of albinos in Rivers state, with its implicit learning problems among students with albinism. It adopted the descriptive survey design and the instrument for collection of data is named “Dimensions of Stigmatisation Scale (DSS)”. The population for the study consists of all albinos in Rivers State who are registered with the Albino Foundation of the state. Accidental sampling technique was then employed in selecting a sample of 392 respondents. Data were analyzed using mean (x) and standard deviation (SD) for the research questions, while hypotheses were tested using z-test at 0.05 level of significance. From the results, it was discovered among others that there is a significant difference in the social dimension to the stigmatisation of albinos based on gender. Recommendations were made based on the findings, among which is that society should be thoroughly sensitised on the true causes of albinism since superstition is a major cause of stigmatisation.

Almost 20 years after it adopted the Uniform Act on Arbitration, OHADA revised its Uniform Act on Arbitration and adopted a new Uniform Act on Mediation along with the fresh set of arbitration rules of the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration in Abidjan. These three texts were revised with the assistance of consultants. Among other changes, with the 2018 Uniform Act on Mediation, a solid platform for the use of mediation in the region is now in place. The ability of mediators to carry out their adjudication function with judicial intervention remains a major challenge by parties under the OHADA zones. In this light, the worry which this article seeks to uncover is how the new mediation law is applicable and facilitates the amicable settlement of investment disputes. The article also highlights the legal basis regulating the mediation process as a whole. In attaining these objectives, we employ doctrinal research methodology. The article conclude with vigorous recommendations which if effectively implemented will go a long way to enhance business (investment) security.

The budget deficit illustrates the sub-optimal revenue of a region. When viewed from a micro approach related to the lack of services to the community it also becomes very important in development planning and strategies set by the government in achieving development goals. The objectives of this study are 1). How is the development of the district / city-regional government budget deficit in Jambi Province in the 2000-2016 fiscal year, 2). How is the degree of fiscal decentralization and the financial dependence of districts/cities in Jambi Province, 3). What factors affect the budget deficit of Regency /City Governments in Jambi Province from the micro side. The source of data used in this study uses secondary data and primary data. The number of respondents using the calculation analysis obtained 140 respondents from 5 districts/cities in Jambi Province. Based on the analysis results obtained that: 1) The highest budget deficit in the West Tanjung Jabung Regency Government during the analysis period when compared with other regencies/cities in Jambi Province, namely in the amount of Rp. 338,586 million occurred in 2013, while the lowest budget deficit occurred in 2012 of Rp. Rp. 60,000 Million, 2) the degree of fiscal decentralization in Jambi Province in 2002-2006, the percentage of PAD to TPD experienced a significant increase. But in 2007 the percentage of PAD to TPD again declined by 37.83 percent. While the regional independence ratio for 1998-2017 was 63.57 percent and in the category of medium capability, 3). Based on the results of the regression analysis it was found that political and corruption variables had a negative and significant effect on the budget deficit, while for the human resource variable a positive and significant effect against budget deficits.

There are limited data available on how the socio-economic neighborhood of a secondary school affect teachers' beliefs about evaluation and how they influence both the teaching and learning processes in secondary schools. This this research is set out to explore such an issue through a qualitative study of a phenomenographic nature. 24 participants were selected from twelve secondary schools situated in both favorable (urban) and challenging (rural) contexts throughout the country. The findings show that the beliefs of teachers working in challenging contexts have elements of a more inclusive evaluation, more adapted to all students, while teachers from schools in more favorable settings are more demanding, seeking more excellence. Therefore, adaptation to the context is the rule since it is the context that is determining the type of evaluation.

This article aims to identify the beliefs about the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language of primary school students of a private school in the Littoral region in Benin Republic. Using the focus group technique, eighty-four students are interviewed following the Inventory of Beliefs on the English Language as the basis for the questions. The data from the four focus groups are interpreted with the semantic content analysis technique that allowed for the creation of categories of emerging themes related Englishing language learning, expectations and relevance of the language, and the motivation and anxiety it generates for the participants. The results show the different types of beliefs of the students, those that are closely related to the previous learning experiences that the participants have lived. CE1 and CE2 participants show a more positive vision of the role and usefulness of English in today's society, while CM1 and CM2 students are clearly more critical of the English classes they have had and their negative experiences in language learning.

In educational administration, at-risk students as well as dropouts have always been a serious subject of reflection. In the quest of solutions to address the educational needs of these students who, for wide range of motives, could no more fit in the traditional educational system, various approaches have been sought. One of these is alternative education as delivered in specific centres such as the Centre de Formation Professionnelle de Dogbo. This study, a seven months research action study, assumes that the trade-oriented education programs of the centre are more effective in re-engaging academic understanding of mathematics (algebra) to at-risk students and school dropouts enrolled. To verify this hypothesis, a pre- test versus post-test comparison was made from tests administered to a single class of thirty-four students after a Maths (Algebra) class was co-taught with a Career and Technical Education (CTE)/Masonry teacher twice a week from January 2018 to May 2018. The results evidenced that CTE motivates at-risk students to have higher levels of academic engagement and aspiration to stay in school. Furthermore, the students demonstrated competence of the work expectations and the desire to further their learning process.

Tort is a very interesting aspect of civil law that seeks to provide remedy for injuries and non-pecuniary losses people experience as a result of the actions or omissions of others. In my study of Tort, I realized that it has so much to do with what goes on in the health sector, especially with regards to hospital-patient relations. It would seem however that its major concern is with the conventional medical sector. For instance, the case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee (1957) is the locus classicus when it comes to principles of tortious liability and medical practitioners. In that case, the court enunciated a yardstick (which came to be known as the “Bolam Test”) that should be used to ascertain whether or not a hospital/medical practitioner had been negligent in the delivery of his duty to a patient. One wonders however, if the “Bolam test‟ applies or would apply to alternative medicine practice? If not, what is an appropriate standard for measuring tortious liability among practitioners of alternative medicine? Cases of negligence in the context of alternative medicine are very rare in our law reports and there has not been any such case reported in Ghana to the best of my knowledge. Also, the Patient‘s Rights of the Ghana Health Service (GHS) Charter interestingly asserted that: “The patient is entitled to know of alternative treatment(s) and other healthcare providers within the Service if these may contribute to improved outcomes”. This means that alternative treatment is vital in the healthcare sector if it will improve on the quality of life (QOL) of the patient in Ghana. It is therefore vital to know of the court decision on prescribers of alternative medicines if the treatment goes sour. Also being a law student and practitioner of Naturopathy and Holistic Medicine, The Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball (1892) in Law of Contract case became my favorite partly because it falls under the umbrella of false claims and the company in question was a homeopathic company. It further signifies the many advertisements and claims made by practitioners of herbal, homeopathy and alternative medicine. Many of the practitioners in Ghana could be held liable if patients understand this principle and take them on for many of their false claims. In a nutshell, studying law has broadened my scope in the Medical field especially in the practice of Naturopathy and Holistic Medicine and I keep asking myself this simple question: How much of alternative and traditional medicine practitioners would survive if the legal principles were rigorously applied in Ghana?