Background: Minimal access surgery offers patients fewer postoperative complications, shorter hospital stay and better cosmetic results compared to conventional open gynaecological surgeries. Aim and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of gynaecological minimal access surgeries and to determine indications and complications associated with them at UDUTH, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive retrospective study of all gynaecological laparoscopies and hysteroscopies performed at the Usmanu Danfodiyo from 1st, January 2012 to 31st, December 2016. Result: There were 1,016 gynaecological surgeries over the period with 112 minimal access surgeries given a prevalence of 11.02%. Laparoscopy accounted for 87.1%% while, hysteroscopy was 12.9% of cases. Their ages ranged from 18 to 40 years with a mean of 28.44 ± 4.99 years, and a modal age of 25-34 years (66.6%). Laparoscopy accounted for 87.1% of the minimal access surgeries while hysteroscopy was 12.9%. Secondary Infertility (41.1%) is the most common indication for laparoscopy followed by primary infertility (28.9%) and amenorrhea (15.6%). Asherman’s syndrome (66.6%) is the commonest indication for hysteroscopy followed by secondary infertility (16. 6%).The most common complication was abdominal pain in 13.0% while, the least was uterine perforation in 0.9% among them. Conclusion: Minimal access surgery is a safe, feasible, and less invasive modality for evaluation and treatment of gynaecological pathologies. It has better cosmesis, less complications, and lower cost implication. Therefore, the need for training, retraining and provision of necessary facilities in Nigeria.

Ovarian surface epithelial tumors with choriocarcinomatous differentiation are vary rare. We report a case of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary with choriocarcinomatous differentiation in a 54-year-old female who got admitted for evaluation of a large pelvic mass. Clinically, mass arising from right adnexa/ soft tissue/ appendix was suspected which on radiologically showed a solid and cystic mass arising from right adnexa. The mass was excised in toto and sent for histopathological examination. Grossly, we received a salphingo-opherectomy specimen measuring 13x11x8 cm. External surface was smooth with congested blood vessels. Cut surface revealed solid (40%) and cystic (60%) areas and reddish brown fluid was extruded. Friable and hemorrhagic areas were noted grossly. Microscopy revealed sheets of clear cells the lesion was composed of round to oval cells with ill defined cell border, moderate eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm and bland nuclei. A panel of Immunohistochemical markers were performed and the lesional cells were positive for Pax 8 and beta HCG .With H&E morphology and Immunohistochemical staining pattern a diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary with choriocarcinomatous differentiation was rendered.

The imaginative writer always aims at presenting a story to the audience (readers) that is not only interesting but appears to be true so as to keep them in love with his work. The literary creative writer skillfully mixes his imagination with the material obtained from the society to produce a piece that is a reflection of the realities of his environment. This paper therefore, examines Trevor Rhone’s Smile Orange from a realist perspective. The paper reveals that the themes and literary techniques the author has adopted deepen our knowledge of the Caribbean Islands, particularly Jamaica whose socio-economic realities are sampled by the author. Through realism, as a literary theory, racism and sexuality among other thematic preoccupations and literary techniques like satire and the use of a creolised English, this paper appreciates Smile Orange as a piece that brings us face to face with the real experiences of the Caribbean. The history of the Caribbean has been captured in the paper to give the reader an insight into what the literature of the people may contain if it is realistic. The author is able to give us another dimension of the economic and social problems of Jamaica using the tourist industry as an example. By presenting those issues without making any revolutionary move makes the playwright a critical realist.

A stroke stroke is extremely rare during pregnancy. Called PRA, the prognosis is potentially serious, the mechanism of occurrence and causes are still uncertain. Neurologic manifestations in a gestational setting associated with other risk factors may be life-threatening for the mother and fetus by further complicating the choice of treatment. We report the observation of a young woman pregnant with 26SA + 4jrs in anemia led to the diagnosis of a cerebral infarction.

The most remarkable demographic features in Islamic societies are the high level of fertility and high unmet demand of contraception. Reproductive health is a matter of discussion among the Islamic countries for the last 40-50 years. Family planning (FP) is a subject of controversy over the Muslim world. Contraceptive prevalence rate among Muslim countries are relatively low compared to rest of the world. Muslims fear that the FP methods are Western intended programme to control the Muslim population .They also fear that the contraceptive methods could be a form of infanticide. This article critically analyse the truth and myths about family planning methods in the Islamic perspective. There is not a single text in the Quran to prohibit the use of contraceptive methods. In fact Islam endorses and encourages the practice of spacing the.

The phenomenon of crime from time to time shows an increasing trend in graph, both in quantity and quality, but such increase is not balanced with the ability to resolve the crimes. The average ability of the investigators to resolve crimes that occur is approximately only 47%. Law enforcement for various types of crimes is generally carried out through the mechanisms or procedures that are regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code, namely through the Criminal Justice System (SPP). This is as a result of using positivistic paradigm in the law enforcement. Law is only understood as a mere law. Therefore, in resolving criminal cases, the figure of police, who not only understand the text of rules of law but also the contextual aspects of case, is necessary. Such police figure can be referred to as Progressive Police, namely police who are willing to think and act out of the box so that they are not confined to rules (rule bounded). In Riau Islands, contextual crimes frequently occur so that they need to be handled contextually by the police. The actions are carried out through restorative justice, specifically through the Partnership Forum of Police and Society (FKPM). This study was conducted to elaborate the characteristics of Progressive Police and create "police gentlement" so as to be able to solve contextual crimes through restorative justice.

Aim: The purpose of the study is to analyze how periodontal health is affected based on psychological understanding of people about various periodontal diseases and if they are aware of basic hygiene modalities to keep a healthy periodontium. Materials and methods: A cross- sectional interview-based survey was conducted among 300 people between age groups of 20-60 years. During interviews, participants provided information on their demographic characteristics, educational attainment and general gingival health. They were also assessed on their level of stress that they usually endure. Result: Our study showed general increase periodontal as well as gingival diseases with age. People also had relatively less knowledge, mostly in those people who were not well educated. Young people were enthusiastic to improve their periodontal health. Conclusion: The study shows that people who are under greater stress showed a steep decline in their periodontal health and people with poor socio-economic background also ended up with more frequent oral health problems.

Background: Genu varum (bow leg) is a deformity of the knee marked by medial angulations of the leg in relation to the thigh, an outward bowing of the legs, giving the appearance of a bow. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of genu varum among children between 6-10 years old in some Urhobo communities in Delta state, Southern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study populations were drawn by purposive sampling from Ughelli, Warri, and Sapele. Data were collected on 1000 children (500 males and 500 females). Physical examination of the children was carried out by measuring their medial intercondylar distances by using calipers and meter rule while the children stood erect with their ankles touching. Children with medial intercondylar distances greater than 0.2cm (the mean value for normal Nigeria children) demonstrates the deformity (genu varum) and the frequency, age. sex was recorded. Results and Discussions: Based on this data, 43 in 1000 volunteers had genu varum. It was also seen that the prevalence was highest in 6 years old age group and lowest in 10 years old age group. It was noted as the ages increase, the prevalence rates among the age groups decreases. The prevalence of this deformity in Urhobo communities is low when compared with the overall prevalence in Nigeria. The Urhobos live in the riverine area of Southern Nigeria and their occupation are mainly farming, hunting and fishing. Their meals consists mainly of products from the farm, hunting and sea foods which are very rich in protein/calcium. Children in Urhobo Communities are also well exposed to sunlight. Conclusion: The prevalence of this genu varum in this ethnic nationality although low can be further reduced with enlightenment and education of parents and children on the importance of balanced diet.

Amyloidosis includes different forms of organic or systemic damage; it is characterized by deposits fibrillar in the connective tissue. At the ENT level, isolated involvement of the larynx is the most observed. However, isolated laryngeal involvement is rare. A search for forms multifocal or systemic by means of complementary examinations is therefore recommended. Preferential treatment of laryngeal form is endoscopic surgery with preservation functional.

This research paper has attempted to gauge the relationship amongst dependent and independent variable of firms in Pakistan. Book Value per Share, Earning per Share, Dividend per Share, Gross Domestic Product and Interest Rate are considered as influence factors on movement of Stock Price. For this research 16 organizations are viewed as, recorded in the Pakistan Stock Exchange amid the day and age 2007 to 2016. This exploration will underline on working influences and money related influences and their impact on the gainfulness of the organizations. To gauge the relationship amongst influence and benefit of firms of Pakistan relapse demonstrate and spellbinding measurements will be utilized. Our outcomes will empower the organizations to discover the huge relationship amongst influence and gainfulness of the firm. This study sought to investigate the impact of Book Value per Share, Earning per Share, Dividend per Share, Gross Domestic Product and Interest Rate on Stock Price movement of Pakistan’s firm. Importantly there is positive relation between independent variable, i.e. Earning per Share, Dividend per Share & Interest Rate and dependent variable that is Stock Price.

Psoriatic rheumatism has seen many recent therapeutic advances, as well as new recommendations highlighting the importance of specifying certain prognostic factors in order to manage this condition early. To this end, 63 patients were studied for psoriatic rheumatism, comparing those with clinical and/or radiographic progression of the disease with those whose rheumatism is in a state of so-called minimal activity. A significant correlation was found with the extent of cutaneous psoriasis, polyarticular involvement and biological inflammatory syndrome. Our results were then compared with those in the literature.

The type of fertilizer and fertilization techniques affect the biochemical of the rhizosphere. Different Nitrogen fertilizer inputs will have different effects in the process of releasing N ions, soil pH, number of colonies and respiration activity of soil microorganisms, so that it will affect the acquisition of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P). Meanwhile, different fertilization techniques will provide different stimulations to root growth, so that it will affect the acquisition of N and P, as well as the production of rattan seedling biomass. This study used rizoboxes which were designed as a 2-factor factorial experiment. Factor I: N-Urea ((NH2)2CO) and N-ZA ((NH4)2SO4), and factor II: Homogeny Fertilization and Localized Fertilization. The results showed that N-ZA input decreased soil pH, causing the highest number of microorganism colonies, but did not increase the respiration activity of microorganisms. N-Urea input also decreased soil pH and increased the number of microorganism colonies. However, both N-ZA and N-Urea showed no significant effects on N acquisition and production of rattan seedling biomass. Localized fertilization caused rooting to be concentrated in the fertilizing area, decreased N acquisition, otherwise increased P acquisition, but cannot increase rattan seedling biomass.

The main aim of this study is to examine the variables that affect the profitability of GCC banks. The current study provides evidence of important bank-specific variables that have affected GCC banks' profitability by analyzing balanced panel data for 2011 to 2018. Data pertaining was extracted from the annual reports of the selected listed banks. This paper puts into relief the determinants of the profitability of the commercial banking sector of the GCC. The sample compresses 20 GCC banks. The paper examines internal variables (company-level indicators), which include adequacy, liquidity, credit risk, efficiency cost, net credit facilities and bank size. Panel data regression analysis is used for the analysis. Based on the empirical analysis, the cost efficiency, nontraditional revenue sources, and high asset quality are the most significant bank-specific variables, and bank managers that can use them to make future policy decisions. The model generated in the study can explain a greater than 75% change in the total variance of various measures of profitability. This paper adds to the body of knowledge by empirically highlighting the most recent and extensive panel data for the entire banking sector of the GCC. The paper uses a range of independent variables for the internal -specific variables.

Regular exercise is highly effective in cardiovascular health improvement. Professional athletes have always been regarded as exemplars of good health and have also attracted scientific curiosity on account of the strength and endurance that characterize their lifestyle. Over a period of time in athletes, cardiac adaptations to sport activities occur. The normal electrocardiographic (ECG) presentation of the heart is changed and abnormal pattern becomes present. Some of these abnormal ECG changes are suggested to be maladaptations that are risk factors for sudden cardiac death. Does the abnormal ECG pattern have anything to do with the training age of the athletes? The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between electrocardiographic abnormalities and training age of athletes in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on a total of 170 athletes consisting of 63males and 107 females (16-35years of age). Their training ages were documented and the athletes were grouped into 3: Group 1 are athletes that have been training for 1-5years; group 2 : 6-10years and group 3 from 10 years and above. Anthropometric measurements and heart rates were determined. Physical examination was conducted to exclude the presence of associated co-morbidities. Electrocardiographic parameters were determined using a standard resting 12-lead electrocardiogram. Maladaptive ECG changes were determined using the Seattle criteria. Results showed that the training ages of athletes negatively correlated significantly with heart rate(R=-0.24; P=0.001) and T-axis (R=-0.24; P=0.01). Also training age positively correlated significantly with QRS- Interval (R=0.16; 0.03) and QT- Interval (R= 0.22; 0.001). Athletes in group 3 (training age > 10years) recorded a significantly higher percentage of the occurrence of repolarization abnormality (ꭕ2 =5.50; p= 0.04). In addition, being a female and increased training age, are the significant predictors of the occurrence of a maladaptation. (Odd ratio=4.38; p=0.003 and odd ratio = 1.14; p=0.03 respectively). The abnormal electrocardiographic changes found in this study may be due to some physiological maladaptation resulting from prolonged training age and possibly sex variation. These maladaptations are suggestive of risk factors for possible sudden cardiac death.

Appreciation for services provided by institutions based on premiums that have been paid in accordance with the provisions or regulations of the institution. Welfare after entering the Retirement Age Limit is the expectation of the participants. Social insurance as an obligation for every citizen, where citizens have assumed the tasks they have experienced and are required to get insurance in old age. In Indonesia there are various pension management institutions in the form of SOEs and the Ketenagakerjaan Guarantee Agency. BUMN pension managers are managed by PT Taspen (PERSERO) with ASN participants, State Officials, Veterans and Non-ASN, and PT Asabri (PERSERO) with TNI and POLRI participants. Whereas in the form of a Board, it is managed by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan with participants from all BUMN and private workers. Managing agency. This study is useful to know the Effect of Premium Income and Claims Expense on Company Profit at Pension Management Institutions (PT Taspen (PERSERO), PT Asabri (PERSERO) and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan). Regression research method with a quantitative approach by collecting data by taking data in the Annual Report Audited in the companies PT Taspen (PERSERO), PT Asabri (PERSERO) and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in 2013 to 2018. Hypothesis testing results are as much as 49.3% independent variable influences the profit of PT Taspen (PERSERO), 98.6% independent variable influences the profit of PT Asabri (PERSERO) and 34.9% independent variable influences the profit of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.