The research was conducted at the Spatial and Housing Settlement Department, Integrated Licensing Service Board, and the Industry, Trade, Cooperatives and Small Medium Enterprises (UKM). The type of the research is descriptive qualitative by analyzing transparency of local government bureaucracy in serving Building Construction License (IMB) and Trade License (SIUP), seen from standard aspect of service procedure, communication, and bureaucratic behavior.. The results of the research reveal that the transparency of operational standards of Building Construction License (IMB) procedures in the Office of Spatial Planning and Housing has not been implemented properly. The requirements, costs and also the time of the completion of the Building Construction License (IMB) permission have not been listed transparently on the notice board while transparency of operational standard of Trade License (SIUP) procedure in Integrated Licensing Service Agency shows more transparent result because aspect of requirement and time of settlement process have been listed on notice board. In relation to the communication aspect, Building Construction License (IMB) and Trade License (SIUP) services have not been properly executed. Informants from the society complained that they still have not obtained a clear information about the importance of getting those licenses. The pattern of communication or socialization carried out on Building Construction License (IMB) and Trade License (SIUP) is still limited to bureaucracy elements only of district and village. Then, it is forwarded to the society. The culture of local policy which is called Nosarara Nosabatutu internalized in the organizational culture is quite influential on the behavior of government bureaucracy.

Several medicinal plants have been documented for their effects on physiological processes in the body, among are their effects on haematological parameters and plasma electrolytes. Several medicinal plants have the ability to synthesize wide varieties of chemical compounds that perform important biological functions, and defend against attack from predators such as insects, fungi and herbivorous animals. They also contain several phytochemical compounds that can alter the physiological processes to varying extent in animals and human. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ethanolic extract of Aspilia africana on some haematological parameters and plasma electrolytes. Methods: Twenty five albino male wistar rats were divided into five groups: group I(control, received 1ml/kg of distilled water), Group II(received 1ml/kg of 70% ethanol), While Groups III, IV & V were given 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg of the extract respectively. After two weeks of administration, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture into sample bottles for haematological and plasma electrolytes analysis. Results: It was observed that there was significant increase in; red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total white blood cell count, platelet, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte of treated groups, mostly in group that was given 150mg/kg of the extract, while ethanol reduced haematological parameters. There were dose dependent increase in plasma sodium (88.52±2.58mEq/l), potassium (4.89±0.20 mEq/l) and calcium (2.00±0.15 mEq/l) compared respectively with control (Na- 71.70±1.66mEq/l, K-3.19 ±0.24mEq/l and Ca-1.41 ±0.13mEq/l). Conclusion: Aspilia africana showed positive haemopoietic effect and also increase plasma electrolyte concentration.

Mainly, SARS-CoV is transmitted through inhalation of respiratory droplets and direct or indirect contact. The Covid-19 has become the biggest pathogens of emerging respiratory disease outburst. These pathogens are a large family of RNA viruses that is single stranded that can be isolated in a lot of different animal species. The complete information about epidemiology, pathogenesis of Covid-19 remains unclear. There is need to study clear diagnosis and pathogenesis of this virus. The symptoms of COVID-19 infection started to appear after an incubation period of almost 5.2 days. The period from the attack of COVID-19 symptoms to death are ranged from 6 to 41 days with an average of 14 days. The patients >70-years old had shorter incubation period compared with those who are the under the age of 70. The most common symptoms at attack of COVID-19 dry cough, illness are fever, and fatigue, while other symptoms include sputum production in lungs, diarrhea, headache, hemoptysis, lymphopenia and dyspnea. The patients infected with COVID-19 showed high number of leukocytes, abnormal respiratory findings and with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2, and technical advancement is very helpful for development of vaccine. Rhesus monkey human ACE2 transgenic mouse for development of vaccine, and some SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are already under experimental clinical trial. Probably, the mechanism of vaccination offers the best option to control COVID-19.

The bioactive constituents of five Nigerian plants in use in Traditional medicine namely, Spindias mombin (family: Anacardinaceae), Calliandra portoricensis (family: Fabaceae), Dennettia tripetala (family: Annonaceae), Anthocleista djalonensis (family: Loganiaceae) and Croton zambasicus (family: Euphoirbiaceae), were investigated for antimicrobial activities. The morphological parts of the plants evaluated were the leaf and root. The dried and pulverized samples were subjected to successive extraction using organic solvents; n-hexane, ethylacetate and 70% aqueous methanol. The respective extracts were concentrated en vacuo using a rotatory evaporator at less than 40o C. Seven human pathologically viable and clinical strains of microganisms comprising the G+ve, G-ve, fungi and nocosomial strains were used as test organisms, ciprofloxacin and fluconazole solutions served as the control reference standards. Agar well diffusion assay method was used and the Inhibition Zones of growth were measured to assess activities for all the extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concenyrations (MIC) and Total Activity (TA) were also determined. C. zambasicus exhibited a broad antibacterial activity whereas C. portoricensis showed the best spectrum of both antibacterial and antifungal activities. The extract of D. tripetala ranked lowest in activity of all the test samples. Ethyl acetate extracts ranked the highest of all the three organic solvents used for the study.

Since the WHO announced Covid 19 as a global pandemic, the government of India started adopting strategies to tackle the crisis and ramp up the health infrastructure to deal with the cases. In this backdrop it was watched with great expectation that Ayurveda, the traditional health care system of India would be considered to play a role in the management of cases. During this period there were a lot of discussions on social media groups by Ayurveda physicians across the country questioning as to why Ayurveda was still not being considered? This provided the stimulus to develop the survey ‘Ayurveda for Covid 19” and was released on the 29th of March 2020 by the authors to collect opinions and suggestions on the issue. A total of 17 questions were created with multiple choice options and a few questions were open ended for respondents to suggest single herbs, herbal and herbo-mineral formulations that could be used in the management of Covid 19 cases. A total of 449 responses were received by the authors and these were analyzed and a report was generated. This report was then used by the authors to develop a proposal titled “Comprehensive Ayurveda Treatment Response Strategy for Covid 19” on the 2nd of April 2020 which was submitted to the Government of India. The authors present the analysis and its implications.

Over past few years, there has been an increase in various new concepts in diabetic foot few of which are derived from other fields like oncology as some of those concepts serves to be suitable in diabetic foot too. One known model over past 3 to 4 decade was reconstructive ladder model in field of reconstructive surgery. Reconstructive ladder was extremely popular over years and with introduction of newer techniques, various people proposed modifications of it like reconstructive elevator, reconstructive triangle, reconstructive pie, etc all being variants of reconstructive ladder. Antonym of reconstruction is destruction and amputations are destructive surgeries. Similar to the line of reconstructive ladder model and its variants, the author redesigned, encompassed and implemented all the variants that are suitable in the new amputation models and other subsets in diabetic foot. Interestingly, over so many years, no attempt were done to apply these interesting models to diabetic foot field, some of which the author believes, would suit it appropriately. The author attempts to create various models of amputation and different subsets in diabetic foot field some of which are akin to reconstructive ladder and its variants and some being relatively new like diabetic foot wheel. All these are open models which means any newer concept developed later over years can be directly added to any of these models.

Introduction: There has been increasing awareness on the health benefits of physical activities or exercise and this led to community-based initiatives aimed at improving health and general well being. The duration of exercise, genetic factors, the physiologic characteristics and lifestyle of individuals are closely related to acute and chronic differences in hematologic parameters. Aim: The intent of this study was to investigate some haematological changes (PCV, TWBC and platelet counts) in male athletes pre- and post-exercise. Methods: A cross-sectional, longitudinal study was carried out on a total of 50 athletes who engaged in community-based regular fitness exercise for more than six months. The candidates were sampled before and immediately after strenuous exercise and PCV, TWBC and platelet counts assessed using standard methods. The TWBC and platelets count differed significantly (p>0.05) between pre- and post-exercise. No significant difference was observed in the PCV among the groups. Conclusion: In summary, our findings show that exercise improved significantly the cellular level of total white blood cells and platelet count. This consequently is of great importance to the immune defense and haemostatic function. There is need for future large scale evidence-based research aimed at advocacy, awareness creation and prioritizations in primary/preventive health policy formulation.

This research article analyzes Jane Smiley's novel “A Thousand Acres”, as the voice of rebellion against male exploitation and oppression of females in patriarchal society. In this research, theories of feminism; particularly the theories of Mary Wollstonecraft, Virginia Woolf, Simon de Beauvoir, and Elaine Showalter are taken as the methodological tool to interpret the novel. The research presents the struggle of females and their attempt to release themselves from the clutches of patriarchal discrimination. In the novel, the head of the family, Larry Cook, keeps the daughters in restrictions also exploits and abuses them in all ways. In it, Ginny, the daughter, who loses patience, turns aside from supporting him; defeats him in the court case; abandons him and even her own husband; starts working in a restaurant in the city; and lives with the fully pleasant and satisfied life freely there. As a qualitative research, by collecting evidences from the text as data, the tool of feminism is used to analyze them to fulfill the objective of the research.

Pyrenacantha staudtii and Trichilia monadelpha are herbal plants used indiscriminately to treat malaria by local people in Nigeria. Hence the need to examine the effects of these plants on the visceral organs of mice in order to determine their safety use. Crude aqueous extracts of the plants were prepared. Different concentrations such as 500mg/Kg, 800mg/Kg 1000mg/Kg, 2000mg/Kg and 4000mg/Kg of the extracts were separately administered to mice in different groups. After 24h post-administration of the extracts, the mice were sacrificed to examine the histology of their visceral organs. No mortality was recorded among the treated mice 24h post-administration of the extracts. There was no lesion on the lung and heart tissues of the treated mice. The extracts of P. staudtii caused necrosis in the liver and kidney tissues at high concentration. But no necrosis was observed in the liver and kidney tissues of mice administered with T. monadelpha extract. Generally, there were cellular infiltrations in the liver and kidney tissues of the mice administered with the extracts of both P. staudtii and T. monadelpha. No lesion was seen in the tissues of untreated mice. Both P. staudtii and T. monadelpha appeared to be toxic at high concentration. Indiscriminate use of these plants without standard measurement should be discouraged.

Crohns Disease also referred to as regional enteritis is a chronic disease with waxing and waning course. This condition is associated with profound psychological and physical effect on the affected patient. The disease has diverse clinico-pathological manifestations with significant attendant complications, morbidity and mortality. In this study attempt is made to address the many clinico-pathological presentations of the disease with focus on various aspects of differential diagnosis along with description of diagnostic approach by appropriate use of variousdiagnostic modalities. In addition recent pathogenetic mechanisms will be described which will having bearing and implications on therapeutic aspects of disease, that can influence the natural history and overall course of disease. This case is presented in view of its uncommon location and associated clinical manifestation.

Flavored drinks are substances to be prepared or ready for consumption, including syrups and those containing caffeine. Their specific naming may be replaced by another, which is either usual or descriptive, such as "refreshing drink", "table drink" or "drink made from ..." that allows consumers to know the real nature of the beverage and to distinguish it from others. The quality of these dubious products is still poorly known although in terms of cost, they remain very accessible to the market. The objective of this experimental study was to contribute in improving awareness on the quality of these consumption items, by conducting physicochemical and microbiological analyzes of non-alcoholic and non-carbonated flavored beverages marketed in plastic bags in Douala, Cameroon. The physicochemical properties were evaluated by means of volumetric analysis, potentiometry, refractometry, titratable acidity and SO2 and vitamin C contents. Microbiological properties were assessed by performing a search for yeasts, molds and coliforms which sometimes act as antiseptic agents, such as ascorbic acid and citric acid. It would be necessary to review the production processes of these beverages as well as the enforcement of sanctions in salmonella and sulfate-reducing clostridium. Analyzes were performed on 50 samples in total. The results showed that 10% of the brands samples did not comply with the physicochemical quality standards. All brands samples met microbiological quality requirements, mainly due to a pH below 3 and the presence of preservatives with antiseptic properties. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that these drinks do not comply with the quality requirements defined by the standards for foodstuffs intended for human consumption. It would be of utmost importance to make improvements to the standards, the application of sanctions and to the production of better quality drinks, in order to ensure good food security for consumers.

Background: Unregulated mining has the potential to release harmful substances into the soil, air, and water and this may be associated with negative health, social and environmental impacts. Inhalable dust is produced during processing, grading and during the transit by the vehicles. Epidemiologic data indicate that there are occupational hazards associated with stone crushing and inhalation of stone dust. Quarrying/stone crushing is increasingly becoming the main stay of Ebonyi State economy and major source of internally generated revenue yet there is little or no government policy on regulation and occupational safety. Aim: This study examined the effect of long time exposure to quarry dust on the Full Blood Count (FBC) of quarry workers at Okposi Umuoghara, Ezza LGA of Ebonyi State – Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out on 100 quarry workers; 36 males and 54 females (age; between 18-57 years) who were exposed to stone dust for more than one year and 84 age/sex matched workers not exposed to quarry dust as control. The haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, total while blood cell and differential counts were estimated using standard methods. Results: Majority of the quarry workers in Okposi - Umuoghara Idustrial Estate were female, low income and uneducated who are not aware of the health implications of their carrier. There were significant differences in mean values of in Hb, PCV, and total WBC, relative netrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophil counts compared with control. The differential lymphocytes and eosinophil increased significantly (p > 0.05), while the Hb, PCV, total WBC and relative neutrophil count decreased significantly (P < 0.05). No significant variation in differential monocyte count was observed. Conclusion: The alterations in level of some haemotological parameters in exposed workers is an indication of effect of quarry dust on pathopysiology of blood and reticuloendothelia system of factory workers and in general human health. There is need for regular health evaluation of workers and education on the essential safety precautions through the use of personal protective equipment and more mechanized and safer means of stone processing.

Changes in politics, the economy and the social sphere directly or indirectly affect the social value system. The change of society values is mainly attributed to changes in value structures at work. The Protestant work ethic, which places the meaning of life at work, sees moral value as an end in itself, and puts the fulfilment of duty above the enjoyment of existence, gradually loses its relevance. To the same extent that work loses its function and value, sport experiences a fundamental revaluation. Sport becomes an integral part of every person's role. With the sportization of living conditions, sport becomes a social model. The ultimate goal of this research is to examine the causes of changes in society values and their effects on sports / mass sports. The method adopted for the study was a literature review. On the occasion of the present study, it is found that the changing value of sports in society has created new "directorial forms" in sports. So, for example, in leisure time modern sports also serve as a presentation of the independent lifestyle. This impulse finds its expression through an additional gain of aesthetic dimension, which is externally observed in athletic shoes, sports sweaters, sports bags, sports accessories, etc. The expression of individualized values in sports is closely related to the reduction of access routes for sports. This is not only due to the growing number of opportunistic and active athletes, but also to the development of new sport types. New sports such as Windsurfing, paragliding, free climbing or Bungee jumping are in line with the new orientations of values and try to match individualized hedonistic desires in sports. Sport types are multiplying, and leading the sports system, as already described, to an unprecedented complexity. The overall sports system basically becomes more open. This creates completely new access to sports. Sports forms are multiplying and leading the sports system, as already described, to an unprecedented complexity. The overall sports system basically becomes more open. This creates completely new access to sports. The initial selectivity of sports is increasingly losing its importance, so new groups of people such as the elderly, overweight, women or the disabled have more access to leisure sports and widespread sports. Due to the qualitative changes in sports socialization, strong new sport roles have become possible. With the isolation and selection of certain incentives, sport is now more easily accessible. The motivation that previously prevailed in leisure sports and in widespread sports is losing its charm, so some writers talk about the unathleticism of sports or the non-athletic sports. Instead, in sports / mass sports, one seeks pleasure, spontaneity and social contacts.

Any form of language use is imbued with a particular meaning, purpose and ideological representation. As such, the order of Theme and Rheme and their organization in the clause as a message is not arbitrary or value free; it can be manipulated along with units of information, given and new, to achieve a rhetorical purpose and reflect a specific angle of telling a story (Halliday 2004). On the basis of the purposively sampled news stories on murders in Kenya from the year 2018 to 2019, the study qualitatively examines the efficacy of the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), as a theoretical tool in the analysis of ideology in four different newspaper in Kenya i.e the Daily Nation, the Standard, the Star and the Nairobian, in relation to the representation of murder stories. This study examines thematization in these newspapers. It hypothesizes that external forces have altered the main purpose of the media through the way news is written and organized; and that from a socio-linguistic point of view, the consequences of these forces are revealed within the textual features of texts. The findings indicate that that the order of theme and Rheme and their organization in the clause as a message are neither arbitrary nor value free. They can be manipulated along with the units of information to achieve a rhetorical purpose and reflect a specific angle of telling a story.

Drugs that slow or kill the novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, could save the lives of severely ill patients, but might also be given prophylactically to protect health care workers and others at high risk of infection. Treatments may also reduce the time patients spend in intensive care units, freeing critical hospital beds. Recovery from the disease depends mainly on the innate immunity of the patient. Patients who suffer much from COVID-19 are children, old people (over 65 years), those patients with chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver disease, kidney disease), obese patients, alcoholics, and smokers. About 80% of corona patients may overcome the infection, and less than 5% may pass into fatal complications. Patients immunity is the main weapon to fight the disease. The present herbal recipe was selected to support and maintain the innate immunity of the patient against corona virus disease-19. It is composed of 3 herbal materials: bee honey, Nigella sativa (black seed), and Acacia nilotica (Quardh).