Eye is the most fantastic creation of God among all the sense organs in human body as it makes us aware of various objects all around us near and far. The eye is one of the most soft and most valuable of all the sense organs and is a challenging subject for topical administration of drug to the eye. Topical application of drug to the eye is the well accepted route of administration for the treatment of various eye disease like conjunctiva, eye flu etc. The eye as a portal for drug delivery is generally used for local therapy in order to avoid the risk of eye damage from high blood concentration of the drug which is not intended. The field of ocular drug delivery system is one of the most interesting and challenging task usually faced by pharmaceutical scientist/researchers. This field has significantly improved over the past 10-20 years.

Introduction: the demand for abdominoplasty is increasing. It is a set of surgical procedures aimed at improving the abdominal wall for aesthetic and/or functional purposes. The aim of this work is to highlight the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients who are candidates for abdominoplasty and to evaluate the therapeutic results as well as the complications of the technique of lower transverse abdominal dermolipectomy with transposition of the umbilicus. Materials and Methods: Fifty lower transverse abdominoplasties with transposition of the umbilicus, associated or not with liposuction, were performed between June 2016 and September 2018 in the plastic surgery department of the Military Hospital of Meknes. Results: Forty-seven women and three men were counted. The mean age was 42 years. The majority of our patients were overweight (88%). All of our patients underwent a transverse low abdominoplasty with umbilicus transposition. Associated liposuction was performed in 36 patients (72%), and muscle plasty in 30 cases. A two-sided plaque was placed in the 4 cases of eventration. The frequency of immediate postoperative complications was 22% in our series. Hematomas requiring revision surgery (8%) and infection (4%) were the most frequent major complications. Discussion: Recent advances in abdominal plastic surgery currently allow satisfactory management of patients who come to consult for weight loss, pregnancy or aesthetic concerns. The technique of low transverse abdominoplasty with transposition of the umbilicus has become perfectly standardised, but it should not be forgotten that it is not devoid of risks. The knowledge and management of possible complications are as important as the surgery itself.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans. It primarily spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets or by aerosols and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces or fomites. Pathologists and their technical staff can become exposed to potentially infectious patients and specimen. The current article provides a brief description of the current knowledge of the disease and the measures to be taken by the concerned health care workers to minimise their risk of contracting the virus during the ongoing pandemic.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes in patients with Sub-condylar fractures using 3D Strut Osteosynthesis Plates. Patients and methods: Six patients with sub-condylar fractures were selected randomly between the age of 26 to 36years.Treatment protocols included in the study were open reduction and internal fixation using 3D Strut Osteosynthesis Plates. Associated injuries such as Symphysis, Para symphysis, Zygomatic complex fractures were also included in this study. Statistical analysis using Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed. Results: The results of our study revealed that there was a significant difference in the mouth opening of sub-condylar fracture patients (P-value ˂ 0.004). Comparison between preoperative, 2months and 6months follow-up for additional fractures, Occlusion, Complications of Sub-condylar fractures were also performed. Preoperative and 2months follow-up showed significance with P-value ˂ 0.02. Preoperative and 6months follow-up also showed significant P-value ˂ 0.028 and 2months to 6months follow-up revealed significant P-value ˂ 0.059. Postoperative radiographic evaluation showed that the osteosynthesis is relatively stable. Conclusion: All the patients treated with the Strut plating system was functionally stable, well rehabilitated and also proved significant statistical analysis. In our study with sample size limitations, the fracture reduction of sub condyle with the new three- dimensional Strut plate showed excellent stability with no displacement and neutralization of the changing strains in the condylar region. Therefore, further studies with a larger sample size can help to re-evaluate the results in further research using the 3D strut Osteosynthesis plating system.

One of the most common diseases in humans is dental caries. It is an infectious disease of microbiological origin that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissue of teeth. It is a diseased caused by multitude of factors like host, agent and environmental factors. Microbes like S. mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus are the main pathogenic species involved with initiation and progression of dental caries. Indian surveys demonstrate caries prevalence of 58% in school children. Among the U.S. Population surveys showed 45.3% children and 93.8% of adults. A large costing of dental treatments whether prevention using remineralizing agents and treatment using restorative materials can be reduced if we could eradicate dental caries completely. Thus the ultimate objective of community health is the complete elimination of this disease. Development of dental caries vaccines is a boon for eradication of this microbiological disease.

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar during which Muslims must fast from dawn to sunset. Islam exempts ill and weak people from fasting including high risk patients with diabetes, but a number of them fast regardless of medical advice. Ramadan focused education is a key component for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of type 2 diabetic patients after a Ramadan focused educational program. This cross sectional study was carried out on patients with type 2 diabetes willing to benefit from a Ramadan focused educational program, 2 weeks prior to Ramadan. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia management were obtained. After Ramadan, a questionnaire was used to collect information on patients’ knowledge regarding Ramadan education. Results showed that this study included 176 type 2 diabetic patients with a response rate of 62%. The mean age of our patients was 58 ± 8,1 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 4 ± 6 years. Antidiabetic treatment adjustment was done in 69% of patients, 53% of patients were advised not to fast during Ramadan but 35% of them decided to fast anyway. Patients monitored their blood glucose in 68% of cases and 30% of patients were aware of hypoglycemia and interrupted fasting in 6% of cases.

The grammatical metaphor theory is an important part of Halliday's functional grammar. With the introduction of it, it has attracted more and more researchers' attention, and its research has continued to deepen. This article uses the content analysis method, taking the journal articles published in CSSCI with grammatical metaphor as the key words as the research object, to analyse the number of publications、keywords、research purposes、disciplinary distribution of these articles quantitatively and qualitatively. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research hotspots and development trends of grammatical metaphor in order to provide reference for the application and development of grammatical metaphor research.

In order to determine ticks’ prevalence and abundance on cattle and sheep in the Poro Region of Côte d'Ivoire, 809 ticks were collected from 120 cattle and 311 ticks from 120 sheep. Six species have been identified: Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus geigyi, Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus senegalensis. Cattle were more infested by these ticks excluding Rhipicephalus senegalensis, which had a higher prevalence in sheep (12.5% in sheep versus 4.17% in cattle). The species Boophilus geigyi was most abundant in cattle of Dikodougou department (42.96%), then in sheep of Sinématiali (60%) and M'Bengué (51.72%) departments. In addition, Rhipicephalus senegalensis was more abundant in sheep in Korhogo Department with a proportion of 51.39%. These results suggest that tick control needs to be strengthened to improve the productivity of domestic ruminants in the Poro Region of Côte d'Ivoire.

The purpose of this article is to document and convey a design process, in which VR cardboards are considered as a design problem. During the 2016-17 academic year, the students of the Department of Industrial Design designed the VR cardboard as part of the project. Design and technical research, idea and concept development, script writing, product development, DIY (Do it yourself) and evaluation processes were carried out on VR cardboards, during the class, which was attended by a group of 56 students. In the article, primarily the design problem is defined; then, other processes under the topics of design process, final products and evaluation are explained respectively. This article discusses all these processes in company with the student projects.

Introduction: The Corona Virus Disease 2019, caused by novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is an acute respiratory and systemic illness, and is declared as a global pandemic by WHO on the 11th of March 2020.Only 2.2% to 1.7% of pediatric COVID-19 cases have been reported from USA and China respectively. The hematological parameter alteration in the pediatric COVID-19 cases needs to be addressed in the Indian population. Aim: To assess the alteration of the baseline hematology parameters in the paediatric COVID-19 cases and to compare the values with the adult COVID-19 cases for any statistically significant difference. Methods: A single Centre retrospective study of 11 COVID-19 asymptomatic pediatric patients and asymptomatic gender-matched adult cases admitted to SSPH&PGTI NOIDA from March to April, were enrolled for the study. The demographic date, baseline hematological findings of both groups were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: Demographic characterization shows a mean age of 8.7 years in the pediatric population. Baseline CBC findings of all the pediatric cases show mild anemia, normal leucocyte, normal absolute lymphocyte count, and neutrophilia.- Majority of the pediatric cases have NLR value below the cut-off point of 3.13.- PLR was slightly higher in pediatric cases. Comparison between two groups shows statistically significant differences for the hemoglobin and platelet value only. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of baseline hematologic parameters did not show any significant derangement of the CBC parameters in pediatric cases. Significance in the difference of Hemoglobin level and platelet count is observed in comparison to the adult cases.

Background: In India more than 50% of general hospital skin out-patient attendance consists of infections which are acute and usually recurrent like Scabies, Pyodermas, Superficial fungal infections, Parasitic and viral infections, Eczemas, Acne, Vitiligo, Pigmentary changes, Psoriasis, Lichen planus, Leprosy etc. The present study was therefore designed with the aim of studying the histopathological features of various skin diseases. So that, the clinicians can manages the case efficiently. Aims & Objectives: To find the clinicopathological correlation and to study the histopathological features of Non-neoplastic skin lesions. Materials & Methods: A total of 93 skin biopsies either Punch or Incision biopsies which were received in the department of histopathology were stained with Hematoxylin& Eosin, and studied microscopically. Results: Out of 93 cases, only 20 (21.5%) cases are not similar in clinical diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis but remaining 73 (78.5%) cases has similar diagnosis both clinicopathologically. Conclusion: histopathological study and comparing the clinical diagnosis serves as a very valuable diagnostic tool to understand and explain the pathology of various skin lesions.

Cylindromas are rare slow growing benign skin appendageal tumors with eccrine and apocrine differentiation. Multiple cylindromas are commonly genetically inherited and also known as “turban tumor.” Here, we have discussed a case of scalp swelling in a male patient having lung cancer, which was clinically suspicious of metastasis. However, cytology revealed many clusters of small round to oval basaloid cells surrounded and attached with magenta coloured acellular hyaline material. The cells had very scanty cytoplasm and dark, round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei without any nuclear membrane irregularity. Cytologic diagnosis of cylindroma was rendered which was subsequently confirmed on histopathology. Cytology of cylindroma should be differentiated from adenoid cystic carcinoma and other benign adnexal tumors like spiradenoma. We wish to report this case as cytology of dermal cylindroma has rarely been dicussed previously in literature and to highlight its cytomorphologic features along with the differential diagnosis.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of external, internal and managerial risks on firm value. External risk is proxied by carbon emissions disclosure and environmental performance, internal risk is proxied by enterprise risk management disclosure, while managerial risk is proxied by leverage. The study was conducted on non-service industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with criteria for companies that had a PROPER rating for the 2017 and 2018 periods of 64 companies. The results showed that the PROPER rating and leverage affect on firm value, while the carbon emissions disclosure and enterprise risk management disclosure do not affect on firm value. The inability to prove the effect of both disclosures can be caused by the element of subjectivity in its measurement. This result proves that investors take into account external risks in the form of environmental performance based on PROPER ratings and leverage as manifestations of managerial risk. Thus, the results of this study prove that investors recognize the accountability and independence of PROPER assessments.

This work is part of the fight against in vitro the growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae with some medicinal plants including Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera and Newbouldia laevis. This fungus causes brown cocoa rot in the Kisangani region. The antifungal activity of the crude, aqueous, ethanolic and ethereal extracts of fresh and dried leaves of the plants studied were evaluated in vitro by six repetitions on Potato dextrose agar medium. After two days of incubation, the raw extract of the fresh leaves of M. oleifera inhibited the growth of L. theobromae by up to 74.1% followed by that of A. vera (29.6%) and N. laevis (14.7%). The aqueous, ethanolic and ethereal extracts of the fresh leaves of M. oleifera revealed respective inhibition percentages of 43.0; 53.3 and 71.1. As for the extracts of the dry leaves, A. vera was active with its ethereal extract (58.1%) and ethanolic extract (56.7%). Notwithstanding, M. oleifera remains the very active plant with an excellent inhibition rate of 74.1% having considerably slowed down the maximum growth time of L. theobromae by reducing it from two days for the control to six days for the raw extract. Although the plant extracts studied have a fungistatic effect, their purification by extraction of phytochemical groups in our next studies, could reveal their respective fungicidal properties.

Government of Nepal has been planning to develop modern cities through land pooling programs as per the Town Development Act 2045. The study is conducted in Ichangu Narayan (Raniban) Land Pooling Project phase II and the status of variation orders, their origin, causes and impacts in project cost and completion time is analyzed to develop preventing measures which can be beneficial in upcoming similar projects. The objective of the research was to identify the types of variations and the origin and rank, to assess the impact of variation orders regarding cost and duration and to explore the preventive measures to minimize the variation orders. Primary data were collected from the questionnaire survey, key informant interview and field study. The secondary data were collected by means of desk study, relevant literature and text books review, maps and drawings and internet sources. From the study, main cause of variation orders impacting project completion time is known to be conflict between the contract documents and is originated from Consultant. Similarly, main cause of variation orders impacting project cost is additional work. 26.50% (Rs 45,700,255.02) cost above the contract cost has been incurred directly at the completion of the project. 12.40% (Rs 21,380,129.70) of contract cost has been paid for price escalation only. Similarly, 16.96% cost for the successive contract of the project has been increased by the extension of the contract duration. The appropriate recommendation has been given to the concerning parties involved in the construction work.