The purpose of this study is to analyze the penal mediation that does not aim to achieve formal justice and the practice of penal mediation at the Manokwari Police Department. The research method is normative legal research, using a statute and conceptual approach. The collected legal materials are then analyzed qualitatively, then presented descriptively. The results showed that the dimension of mediation of the penalties achieved was not formal justice through the Criminal Justice sub-system regulated in formal legal regulations. From a juridical perspective, mediation of penalties in the dimensions of state law (ius constitutum) is actually not well known and still leaves controversy, among those who agree and disagree to be applied. The essential issue leads to the choice of a pattern of criminal dispute resolution, related to the domain of state superiority with the superiority of the local wisdom community. The practice of mediating penalties at the Manokwari Police Department in the last 3 years (2017, 2018 and 2019) the number of criminal cases every year has always increased in number, as well as the mediation of cases conducted by the Manokwari Police Department each year experiencing an increase in the number of criminal cases being mediated.

Introduction: Gastric Cancer is one of the major causes of cancer specific deaths worldwide and incidence of Proximal Gastric Cancer is increasing with time. Laparoscopic gastrectomy has increased in popularity in recent years due to lesser complications and higher functional preservation. Objective: To find out the Comparision of Peri-Operative Findings between Proximal Laparoscopic Gastrectomyand Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Proximal Gastric Cancer. Methods: Between January 2018 and August 2019, a total of 77 patients underwent LPG with B1 reconstruction or LTG with Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction for gastric cancer in the proximl stomach in Marks medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. LPG was performed in 15 cases with tumor located in the upper third of the stomach. The resection line in the stomach was kept at least 5 cm apart from the gastric angle. On the other hand, LTG was performed in 57 cases of proximal gastric cancer. Results: In this study we have compared the peri-operative findings of 72 patients with proximal gastric cancers who underwent tumor excision surgery and were diveded into two groups according to different surgical approach; Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy and Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy. After statistical analysis, no significant differences were found in peri-operative outcomes between two groups. Prospective studies with larger sample size are required to validate the findings of this study. Conclusion: We found that there are no any significant differences in peri-operative findings between Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy and Laparoscopic total gastrectomy surgical approach for proximal gastric cancer.

Background: Improvement in ultrasonography over the years have allowed visualization characterization of fetal morphology. Objective: The study was aimed at determining the awareness and acceptability of ultrasound gender determination among women attending the antenatal care clinic of the Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross sectional study where pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling. The data was collected using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Relevant information was obtained. A P value <0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 200 women recruited, (57%) were within the age group of 20-29 years with a mean age of 28.2 + 5.436. They were mostly (52.5%) housewives and the Hausa/Fulani ethnic group constituted the majority 141(70.5%). They were mainly, 161(80.5%) Muslims and mostly, 92(46.0%) had tertiary education. About half, 101 (50.5%) belonged to social class 3 and 76 (38.0%) were multiparae. About 84 (42.0%) of them had no female children and 75 (37.5%) had no male children. Majority, 159 (79.5%) were aware that pre-natal gender determination can be assessed using ultrasound. Among them, 130 (65%) were willing to know the babies’ gender. There was statistically significant association between awareness of prenatal ultrasound gender determination and social class of the respondents (P = 0.001). Among them, 55 (43.3%) needed it to prepare for delivery. Conclusion: Awareness and acceptance of ultrasound gender determination is high among the study population. Acceptability depend on the clients’ social class.

The purpose of this research is to identify the key determinants of employee engagement and their predictability of the concept. Moreover, it also studies the impact of employee engagement on employee performance. Causal research was done to study the impact of relationships. A survey questionnaire was developed. Simple random sampling was used to gather the data from employees of lower managerial level and middle managerial level from the small-scale organization. The data was collected from 190 out of which 148 respondents were finalized. Regression and correlation were used to predict and estimate relationships. It was found that all the factors identified were predictors of employee engagement. The variable such as working environment (r square = 0.223), leadership (R square=0.275), and teamwork and peer support (r square=0.194) have a significant impact on employee engagement. Moreover, employee engagement has no significant impact on employee performance (R square= 0.008).

The volume and quality of online data has increased tremendously. Retrieval of such data relies so much on efficient methods. In recent times, information retrieval looks to the intelligence-based and inductive learning methods, such as genetic algorithm, neural networks and machine learning. Researchers however, have leverage on these newer techniques in order to enhance the retrieval capabilities and information processing of current information storage and retrieval systems. These methods provide various degrees of accuracy. But how effective are these methods and which of them is better suited for the information retrieval task? This paper investigates the efficiency of the selected algorithms: Artificial Neural Network, Support vector machine, and Genetic Algorithm, on designing the model for efficient and intelligent information retrieval. The selected algorithms were critically studied in line with the available matching models for information retrieval. Models like the Vector space model, Binary model, probabilistic models, Inverted Index, Latent semantic Analysis and the Latent Semantic Index models were respectively examined. The result from the experimentation from the respective algorithms shows that the neural network, in combination with Genetic algorithm or alone, performs better. However, it takes more time to execute.

The uterine inversion is a rare and severe puerperal complication that may cause maternel death. Fundal placental insertion, uncontrolled cord traction and uterine expression are the common causes described. The diagnosis is clinical and its management must be immediate to avoid maternal complications. We describe a case of acute puerperal uterine inversion occurred after a vaginal delivery complicated by major postpartum haemorrhage in 24 years old primigravida woman, how referred in our unit for delivery which done in ambulance. She has uterine inversion stage IV caused by the only fundal insertion of placenta. Successful non-invasive management was performed and manual reduce of the uterine inversion with Jonhson’s method was attempts.

The study investigated the effect of poor academic background on students’ performance in physics in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. The study adopted descriptive survey design to collect data on effect of poor background on students’ performance in physics in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. From the population of 5,285 students’ and 34 teachers’, using stratified sampling; six (6) schools were selected in three strata that is mixed schools, Boys schools and Girls schools. Further, in each sampled school only 30 (ss2) students’ were involved in the study and 2 physics teachers’. Data were collected using questionnaire for the physics teachers and (ss2) students’ in the sampled schools. The findings were summarized and reported using percentage and frequency distribution tables. The study found and concluded that family background, teachers’ attitude towards work, methods of teaching and gender affect students’ performance in physics in senior secondary school in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. Finally, the study recommended that policy makers/ministry of Education should ensure proffer curriculum implementation by physics teachers and increase enrolment in physics.

This research examines a contemporary but disturbing issue in environmental management using Nigeria as a case study. The study probes the major causes, consequences and solutions to urban slums. Using secondary sources of data, themes were identified in relation to issues bothering on urban slums. The paper identifies rural-urban migration, population, explosion, poverty, unemployment, shortage of housing, neglect, poor physical development, poor transportation network, as well as poor waste management as the major causes of urban slums. Similarly, the review indicates that shortage of housing, unemployment, inadequate social infrastructure, waste management, environmental degradation, crimes, insecurity, land use conflicts, health hazards, population, and other ecological hazards as the negative consequences of slums. Additionally, this paper addresses the issue of environmental sustainability by emphasizing that slums are cogs in the wheels of sustainable development. To this end, the study recommends urban redevelopment, sum upgrading, poverty alleviation, provision of employment, provision of social and infrastructural amenities, sustainable waste management, as well as resettlement schemes as measures to sustainable urban environment.

Leukemoid reaction is defined as leucocytosis >50G/l. When it occurs in association with a malignancy, and infection or leukemia has been ruled out, it is termed as paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction. We report a case of a patient presented with fatigue, generalized weakness, and was incidentally noted to have a white blood cell count of 139G/l. Leukemia was ruled out by peripheral smear and flow cytometry. Computed tomography–guided biopsy of thickened omentum revealed poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma. Leukemoid reaction is a diagnosis which must be evoked in front of any extreme hyperleukocytosis apart from associated infectious or hematological situations. This syndrome has an extremely pejorative prognostic value.

Background: Globally, it is known that heath care workers particularly in critical care settings are at higher risk of occupational exposure to infections. Surveillance systems to monitor body fluid exposure have been established in developed world. However, such systems are not available and consequently, exposure to body fluids is rarely reported, documented and monitored in many African countries. Objectives: To assess knowledge, practice and factors influencing adherence of Universal Precautions of infection prevention among nurses at Muhimbili national hospital and Muhimbili orthopaedic institute Dar es salaam Tanzania. Design: Quantitative cross-sectional and observational study. SPSS was used for data analysis. Chi-square test and student t-test were used for analysis of categorical and continuous variables respectively and regression analysis were done to determine any significance. Participants: 144 nurses in intensive care units, emergency rooms and recovery rooms were assessed using a structured self-administered questionnaire and an observational checklist to 42 of 144. Findings: 38% of nurses had good knowledge of universal precautions. 85% reported to always wash hands, however, 34.3% of participants were observed to wash hands before putting on gloves. 94.4% reported to always use gloves, 67.4% reported to always wear a gown and 55.6% reported that they always wear a mask. Regarding sharps management 93.8% reported good practice and 95.2% demonstrated good sharps management practice. Sex and level of education of an individual significantly influenced the hand hygiene practice, working station and perceived severity significantly influenced the practice of wearing protective gear. Training on infection prevention and control significantly influenced sharps handling (All p<0.05). Discussion: Adherence of universal precautions were sub optimal. Reported and observed practice were incompatible as in other studies except in the practice of sharps management which observed results outweighed the reported results. Conclusion: Adherence to universal precaution is variably poor. Surveillance systems to monitor exposures to body fluids is required.

Multiple myoglobin immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a multiple myeloma entity characterized by its clinical severity but also its poor prognosis level, it is usually revealed by bone pain. We report one case of multiple myeloma with immunoglobulin A revealed by renal insufficiency, diagnosed and treated at the hematology oncology department of Hospital National of Niamey.

Goal of prosthodontics is rehabilitation of missing oral and extra oral structures with restoration of normal function of mastication, speech, swallowing, esthetics etc. Defects of orofacial region, whether congenital or acquired, affects the patient physically and psychologically leading to poor quality of life. Benign and malignant lesions in the oral region are common, which requires surgical corrections. Surgical intervention of such lesions results in defects, affecting the function and esthetics of an individual. This case report explains prosthodontic rehabilitation of maxillectomy defect caused due to surgical excision of Ameloblastoma with Hollow bulb obturator with Cast partial denture. By fabrication of this prosthesis it covers the anatomic defect which forms communication among the oral cavity, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.

Malaria has been reported to be one of the most debilitating illnesses of all time and is the most common parasitic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Methanol extract of the four parts of Ficus sycomorus plant (leave, fruits, stem-bark and roots) were screen for in vitro anti-plasmodial activity using Plasmodium falciparum. The IC50 revealed that the fruits and leave extract have an IC50 ˃ 186µg while stem-bark and roots were discovered to be the most active with IC50 of 20.4µg. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of organic solvent extracts (Hexane, ethylacetate and saturated butanol) of the methanol root extract revealed IC50 of 40µg, 20.4µg and 20.4 µg respectively. In vivo anti-plasmodial activity of the saturated butanol extract of the root was investigated in albino mice. Thirty (30) mice were inoculated with the parasitized donor erythrocytes containing Plasmodium berghei. One week after parasite inoculation, the animals were randomly distributed into six groups of five mice each. Group 1 served as negative control (not treated), groups 2 to 5 were experimental groups and were administered 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the LD50 (31mg, 62mg, 93mg and 124mg), while group 6 served as positive control (treated with artesunate). The mice were treated orally for seven consecutive days once daily. The results showed that the saturated butanol has anti-plasmodial activity in mice with percentage parasitemia inhibition of 50.6%, 80.8%, 100%, 100% and 100% for groups 2 to 5 and artesunate respectively. The results suggest that the plant have potential for the development of a novel anti-malarial agent.

Dental implants are popular treatment option for replacement of missing teeth. Teeth loss causes alveolar bone resorption. Implant placement may require sufficient bone volume. Therefore bone augmentation can be done prior to implant placement. For bone augmentation autograft, allografts, xenografts and synthetic materials can be used. After augmentation implants can be placed successfully. In this case report autogenous block graft is taken for augmentation. Rehabilitation of edentulous region is done by implant placement.

The Total Aeromagnetic Data covering the study area was subjected to Spectral Depth Analysis and Source Parameter Imaging (SPI).The entire area was divided into nine sections. Spectral Depth Analysis was run for each of these nine sections. The result from Spectral Depth Analysis shows that a maximum depth of 3.174km was obtained around Konkoso in Sheet number 117 of the study area. Minimum depth estimates of 0.586 km were observed around the basement regions. Result obtained from the Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) method has its highest sedimentary thickness of about 2.4 km to 3 km in areas around Kaoje towards the central part up to around Konkoso in the southern part. The shallow sedimentary thickness was found predominantly around Shanga in the northeastern (NE) part, up to around Yelwa in the southeastern (SE) part. Geophysical implication of the result to oil and gas exploration in the area is briefly discussed.