Agriculture is the backbone of the economic system declining its production due to overpopulation and urbanization, so there is a need of precision agriculture. Precision agriculture requires sensor integration, automatic control, and networking and data processing capabilities. With the implementation of rapidly growing IoT, challenges of based site-specific farming practice with the aim of maximizing the crop production along with the efficient usage of resources involved in farming process. It provides real time assessment of various crop and environment parameters by précising the observed farming land as well as the amount of required water, fertilizer and other input needs. This method enables our farmers to achieve efficiency with proper amount in the required time and therefore ensures growth of non-toxic safe and healthy crop. LPWAN is a wireless network technology, which can be inculcated in the agriculture farms for precision purpose. In this study Lora based technology is used to monitor the agriculture parameters i.e; temperature, humidity and soil moisture to realize timely monitoring of the crop growth parameters, which solves the problem of manually collecting the data and overcomes the problem of long distance communication and anti-interference of the intelligent systems. The hardware installation of reducing the sensor implementation is also represented in the study.

Diagnosis of salivary gland tumours (SGTs) pose a challenge even to the experienced pathologist and immunohistochemistry may be a useful adjunct. Aim of this study is to assess the degree of differential expression of α-SMA among salivary gland tumours, and to evaluate the possible diagnostic benefits. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues blocks obtained from SGTs were stained using α-SMA monoclonal antibody. Immunoreactivity were scored based on Regezi method, with 0 indicating nonreactive, 1+ representing scattered spotty staining, 2+ indicating up to 25% of tumour cells positive, 3+ indicating between 25% to 50% tumour cells positive, and 4+ indicating more than 50%. Scores of 1+ and 2+ were regarded as low reactivity, 3+ was regarded as moderate reactivity, and 4+ was regarded as high reactivity. Data was analyzed and p-value <0.05 was regarded as significant. Out of the 42 cases of SGTs studied, 33 (78.6%) expressed α-SMA. The highest α-SMA score observed in adenoid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma and basal cell adenoma was 4+, followed by peak score of 3+ observed in polymorphous adenocarcinoma, while 2+ was the highest score in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epimyoepithelial carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma did not express α-SMA in all cases studied. There was significant differential expression of α-SMA between acinic cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0.009); mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma (p=0.048); mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0.004). In conclusion, α-SMA may be useful in the exclusion of acinic cell carcinoma and in the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

The aim of the present essay is to present a literature review on the contribution of morphological awareness to reading and spelling ability of typically developing children and children with dyslexia. Inflectional morphological awareness is acquired early on children’s oral language. During course of written language acquisition morphological awareness contributes to reading and spelling ability of normally developing children in combination to phonological awareness. Several issues such as course of acquisition of inflection and derivational morphology in oral and written language are well documented in English language and presented in this paper.

Multiple synchronous primary malignancies have been reported in colon carcinoma and studied for lynch syndrome or constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, however we present first case of co-occurance of colorectal adenocarcinoma and wilms tumor with mismatch repair deficiency. A 17 year old girl presented with pain in abdomen. A computerized tomography of whole abdomen revealed a large left sided renal mass along with mass lesion seen in the rectum Histopathology from both the mass revealed presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma and wilms tumor in renal mass. Immunohistochemistry for microsatellite instability was performed which showed loss of expression for MSH2/MSH6 and absence of BRAF mutation with presence of KRAS mutation. Diagnosis of wilms tumor with colorectal adenocarcinoma was made and possibility of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency was considered. A multidisciplinary approach is required for diagnosing synchronous malignancies and apart from clinical, radiological and histopathological studies, microsatellite instability testing in patients with colorectal carcinoma should also be considered to rule out Lynch syndrome or Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome. This report describes for the first time the coexistence of a colon carcinoma with Wilms tumor.

The objective of this paper is to defend the non-reductive thesis of phenomenal consciousness. This paper will give an overview of the arguments for the non-reductive explanation of phenomenal consciousness and justify why the reductionist approach is implausible in the context of explaining phenomenal subjective experience. The debate between reductionist and non-reductionist on the project of Demystifying and Mystifying phenomenal consciousness is driven by two fundamental assumptions-1) Reductive-Naturalistic Objectivism, 2) Phenomenal Realism. There are several arguments for the irreducibility of phenomenal consciousness; this paper will focus on the inverted spectrum argument, knowledge argument, and the conceivability argument.

The model of public infrastructure provision in the domains of health, education and roads in the Wum Municipality is typical of Cameroonian society. It proves incommensurate with the growing knowledge endowment, technological advances and challenges in these domains. In this article, the authors examine the socio-economic challenges and impacts of the public infrastructure provision model. To achieve this objective, data were collected through direct observation, interviews and focus group discussions and complemented by documentary explorations, where related works in public institutions and online publications were consulted. A GPS Garmin model device was used to locate realised infrastructure and on-going projects. Photographs were taken using a smart phone, (Sony type) to enable the materialization of the observed phenomena. Google scholar was the principal research engine through which documents were obtained from the internet. The findings revealed a mixed scenario, precarious on one hand and promising in the other based on the indicators of progress and retrogression concomitantly observed. Using this model, results show that the provision of social facilities like schools, health centres benefited the population in terms of accessibility improvement. The same results revealed that this centralized state-led model of provision of livelihood facilities has created a societal problem – unsustainability of public infrastructure. This is noticed from the rapid degradation of recently executed projects. The phenomenon has further helped to accentuate poverty in the municipality. The paper concludes that project owners and contractors should put in place an efficient and autonomous control system to check the quality of material and technicians used in the process of public infrastructure provision.

Cobalt chloride solutions exhibit different colours in different solvents thus displaying solvatochromic behaviour. This study reports spectrophotometric investigation of solvatochromic behavior of cobalt chloride solutions in different polar protic and aprotic solvents. The results are discussed in correlation with solvent properties such as dielectric constant, hydrogen bonding ability of solvent, ratio between hydrocarbon chain length and number of polar groups. Spectrophotometric analysis of solutions was carried out to understand interaction between solvent and cobalt salt as well as probable molecular structure of salt-solvent complex. The results showed that most of the polar protic solvents displayed pink color and polar aprotic ones showed blue colour. When the results with a series of alcoholic solvents were compared it was found that colour is not only a function of hydrogen bonding ability of solvent but also depends on hydrocarbon chain length.

The purpose of this study was to review the role of advertising in competitive advantage and brand popularity of business enterprises in general (Samsung Company in Tehran). To this end, 278 managers at Samsung Company dealerships in Tehran were considered as the statistical sample. To collect data, a 57-item researcher-made questionnaire was used who’s face and content validity criteria were approved by 30 experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through a preliminary test given to 30 subjects and the obtained figure came to more than 0.7 for all the examined variables, which is an acceptable level. For data analysis, descriptive statistics method in SPSS software, version 24, and the inferential statistics method and the structural equation modeling in the LISREL software, version 8, were used. Findings of the structural equation modeling indicated that advertising had a direct and positive effect on both the competitive advantage and the brand popularity of Samsung Company, in a way that a one-unit increase in advertising raises the competitive advantage and brand popularity of Samsung Company by 0.60 and 0.51 units, respectively.

A lesion is an area of tissue that has been damaged through injury or disease. So a brain lesion is an area of injury or disease within the brain. While the definition sounds simple, understanding brain lesions can be complicated. That's because there are many types of brain lesions. They can range from small to large, from few to many, from relatively harmless to life-threatening. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used nowadays. Manual delineation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions in MR images by human experts is time-consuming, subjective and prone to inter-expert variability. Therefore, automatic segmentation is needed as an alternative to manual segmentation. In this paper, the 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to extract local information from analyzing MR images. Ensemble decision trees (EDT) and Ensemble support vector machines (ESVM) are used to segment MS lesions and automatically differentiate between blocks in regions of MS lesions and the blocks in non-MS. lesions. We evaluate our approach on real MRI data sets. We can detect MS lesions with accuracy more than 98 %. Technique evaluated using real MRI datasets. The results compared with ground truth. The main contribution of the proposed techniques described in this paper is the use of DWT with Ensemble Machine Learning and solving the problem of imbalanced classification data without changing or losing trained data.

Background: The hyoid bone is of considerable forensic interest because of its susceptibility to fracture during manual strangulation, hanging and other forms of neck compression. It is also frequently injured in road traffic accidents and may cause significant airway concerns. Whatever may be the reasons, why only some hyoid bones fracture and others do not may be related to the nature, magnitude, position of force applied to the neck, age of victim, nature of instrument (ligature or hand) used to strangle and anatomical features of the hyoid bone such as rigidity, shape of the bone and symmetry of greater horns. Aim: To know the incidence of symmetry and isometry of human hyoid bones in both sexes. Materials & Methods: Present study includes 60 hyoid bones (male: female, 30:30) collected from the cadavers of known age and sex during autopsies (October 2013 to April 2016) at Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore. Numbering the bones was done with prefix M/F (M-male, F- female).Their outline was drawn on the graphpaper to study the symmetry and isometry of the bone. Results: 50% of the hyoid bones were symmetrical (M:F – 45%:54%) while remaining 50% were asymmetrical (M:F – 54%:45%). Anisometric bones were more (58%) as compared with isometric (42%) bones in both the sexes. In males 17 bones were anisometric, 13 bones were isometric where as in females 18 bones were anisometric, and 12 bones were isometric. Conclusion: Hyoid bone is not bilaterally symmetrical bone.

Aim of the study: This study was conducted to demonstrate which treatment option was preferable for the endodontists between single sitting versus multiple sitting Root Canal treatment for posterior teeth. Materials and methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 30 Endodontists to understand their knowledge and selection of cases where single or multiple sitting RCTs are preferred over a time period of a year. Results: Single visit therapy is mostly practiced by practically 65.0% of all endodontists interviewed in cases of vital pulp, but when the biological status of the pulp progresses to being necrotic, then very few still choose this treatment type. Anterior teeth were mostly done in a single sitting as compared to posterior teeth RCTs. Conclusion: The practitioner should not routinely apply one technique to all situations, but rather evaluate the circumstances peculiar to each particular case and then choose the technique that best fits those circumstances.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to assess the choices and viewpoints of various Implantologists regarding efficacy of guided implant surgery in the field of prosthodontics. Methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 10 Implantologists over a period of 2 years about the efficacy of guided implant surgery for prosthetic rehabilitation. Results: The results show that Implantologists prefer both static and dynamic computer aided navigation placement of Implants. Dynamic was preferred in cases more (69%), where there was reduced mouth opening as opposed to static navigation systems especially in the posterior region of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Guided implants insertion often permits mini-invasive surgeries without the need to elevate a surgical flap. Computer guided implant surgery may appear to provide dental professionals with a all-inclusive, reliable and detailed solution to sophisti-cated cases bringing about novel and exciting possibilities.

Aim of study: The purpose of the study is to understand the knowledge of CAD/CAM amongst various prosthodontists and the materials that they use while fabricating restorations considering the features of this technology. Methodology of study: A questionnaire survey was conducted over an year amongst 40 prosthodontists about the CAD/CAM technology, the materials they generally use to fabricate the restorations and how often they use this technology in their daily practice. Results: Mostly feldspathic porcelain was used in inlays and onlays as well as veneers (76%) whereas only a fraction of prosthodontists used lithium disilicate based materials. In anterior three-unit restorations, many options were considered from porcelain fused to metal (54%), lithium disilicate based materials (28%), to others using cubic zirconia also. In multi- unit posterior restorations, full metal was the commonest (63%) as compared to full contour zirconia. Conclusion: With the advancement taking place digital systems and CAD/ CAM has the potential to change the conventional technologies.

The continuous phase modulation (CPM) is a adaptive phase modulation technique which performs a vital role in OFDM system than constant envelope based on OFDM. The system combines the frequency diversity and low complexity type of equalizer. The attractive digital modulation adopted two types of equalizers; zero forcing and MMSE equalizer. The constant envelope modulation also used to attract the OFDM in future communications. The digital modulations QPSK, DPSK, 4-FSK and 4-PAM are analyzed to achieve good error rate and QPSK/QAM outperforms the PAM and FSK. The constant envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) propagates the signal with near ideal PAPR than conventional systems and gives good performance with suitable FDE. In this paper, we proposed CE- CPM based FDE which is feasible than CE –CPM based OFDM and non OFDM systems. The error rate can minimize via selected equalizer which will results in good performance under channel conditions.

The purpose of this study was to the authority of the provincial government in the management of coastal sea areas, and the authority of regency/city governments in the management of coastal sea areas. This type of research is normative legal research, using a conceptual approach and a statute approach. The legal materials used in this study consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The legal material that has been described in accordance with the main problem is then distributed, explored and then given an argument so that the whole forms a logically interconnected whole about the disclosure of logical rationale and the ontological basis for the issuance of laws governing coastal marine areas. The results of this study indicate that the regulation of management of marine resources is still centralized so that there are many conflicts with the authority of the Regional Government. The promulgation of Law 23 Year 2014 concerning Regional Government whose authority to manage sea areas is the Provincial Region. This article has aborted Article 18 paragraph (1) of Law 32 Year 2004 which states that Regions that have sea territories are given the authority to process resources in their sea territories. The impact of local governments is the difficulty to guarantee the welfare and/or prosperity of the people in this case the people in the sea area which lead to injustice in realizing the people's constitutional rights.