The aim of this study was to investigate the current opinions of undergraduate Medical students at the Pak Red Crescent Medical College of Pakistan in respect to information communication technology (ICT), by implementing e-learning system by mixing different strategies, start the e learning program first time on regular bases and then assess the feedback by MBBS Medical students from the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth year and they were asked to complete a questionnaire presented in a e-docs at the end of the sixth week of the e-learning during the lock down due to covid-19 pandemic. Students give a mix response, they feel difficulty to understand medical education first time online but later on they enjoy the whole learning process especially non clinical subjects and e feedback results shows, and Students do not want e-learning as replacing traditional instructor-based training but as a additional component to it, forming part of a blended-learning strategy. Assessments are quickly assessed and quick respond and less chance of cheating. A major disadvantage of early e-learning system, it only covers the cognation process, skill and attitude component of medical teaching and training is not fully taught and hands on activities are impossible to assess through e-learning.

Background: The balance ability represents a significant senior health factor, in particular for the individual maintenance autonomy and individual mobility. In the literature an open problem is understand the walking exercises and one-foot stance exercises effectiveness performed using tools or enviroments/conditions that give an unpredictable instability. The aim of this study is to verify the effects of motor task through instability tools and through reactive motor tasks on motor abilities in older women. Methods: A sample of 58 elderly women (67.9±5.6 years, 59.6±7.4 kg, 156.1±5.2) participated in the investigation and divided randomly into 2 groups: n=27 were included in the instability training group (IG) while n= 26 were included in the control group (CG). The instability training period lasted 8 weeks (3 sessions/week, total= 24 sessions of about 50 min). Results: The most significant interactions between program type and time in the 8-foot-up-and-go (p= <.05), 2 Minutes Step test ( p<.01), Arm Curl test (p<.005), Chair stand test (p<.01), Single Leg Stance test right foot (p<.05) and left (p<.005), 3-m Backwards Walk test (p<.005), Tandem Walk test (p<.005). Conclusions: The tools and the tasks, that generate instability and the structuring of an environment that determines sudden disturbances, increase the senior over 65 years old balance ability.

Objective: To assess the level of professionalism among nurses working in Azad Kashmir also to identify nurses’ perceived strategies to enhance professionalism among nurses. Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Twelve months, from April 2017, five tertiary care hospitals of Azad Kashmir. Methods: The study included nurses who had been providing care in five tertiary care hospitals of Azad Kashmir since 3 years. (N=150). Data was collecting by using a self-structured questionnaire. Results: Research findings revealed that by using arbitrary scale 50(33.3%) out of 150 participants got more than 60% score on Likert scale; they had high level of professionalism. While 15 (10%) respondent got more than 80% score which denote exemplary level of professionalism. Likewise, 24(16%) nurses obtained 40% and less than 40% score which expresses low level of professionalism; moreover 61(40.6%) nurses demonstrated average professional level. Conclusion: Findings of the present study display that generally professionalism among nurses is at average level. Although level of professionalism in areas of Ethical practice and Responsibility and Accountability is relatively high. Some areas showed very low level of professionalism among nurses. These are Research Participation and Utilization, Autonomy. This study advocate for less stressful and less oppressed working environment coupled with opportunity to engaging in continue education for enhancing professionalism.

Biomass briquettes can be considered as the best alternative energy source compared to wood fuel. Clean energy in households is a tool to improve human health, lower climate change impacts and save hundreds of millions of people, especially for women and children from toiling during daily fuel collection. To achieve a progressive response in sustainable development Goals, Clean and efficient household energy will improve health, gender equality, sustainable urban environments, and climate action and green recovery post COVID-19. The adoption of the energy from biomass briquettes would help Improve access and adoption of the life changing products to end users influencing their lives socially, economically and financially, improve sales and stability which will translate to more employment and more taxes for the government and improve the economy of Nigeria, achievement of NDC commitment of 20% - 45% emission reduction, generally improve the standard of living and productivity of the end users and also safeguard the environment for future generation. It is therefore recommended that; Legislate policies prosecuting individuals and companies indiscriminately clogging trees for wood fuel and charcoal production binding ministry of forestry, Agriculture and environment with such task, Fund research in order to provide various sustainable raw materials for briquettes production with high calorific value and Provide forest guards with adequate resources and welfare to safeguard our green cover, wildlife and other natural resources.

This article analyzes the progress made on the political participation of women in Mexico, which, under equal conditions to that of men, is a fundamental aspect for living in a real democracy, understanding it as a system that guarantees human rights and as a method through which positions of power are covered, recognizing, as an essential principle, equality between men and women. The political participation of women opens the scene for social problems to be approached from a different perspective and thus find solutions. From gender quotas in the Mexican electoral system, raised since the 1990s, to the reform of the Constitution where gender parity is guaranteed in 2014, coupled with the struggle of organizations and the commitment of institutions, served as basis for, in 2018, as a result of the elections, Mexico occupies the fourth position worldwide in terms of the number of women in the Chamber of Deputies, and third position with respect to the Senate. A cross-sectional documentary investigation was carried out to find out the historical development from the first efforts to the current situation.

Commotio retinae or Berlin’s edema is an acute traumatic maculopathy complicating blunt eye trauma. It is characterized by a transient retinal opacification affecting particularly the macular area. Its functional evolution is very variable, ranging from complete recovery to profound visual deficits with an acute and permanent visual loss. We report two cases of Commotio retinae (Berlin’s edema) occurring after blunt ocular trauma of different severity and we emphasize the interest of OCT in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognostic evaluation of traumatic maculopathy.

The orthodontic treatments are associated with the movement of the tooth achieved by the involvement of the periodontal ligament that unites the roots of the tooth with the alveolar bone. The forces used to achieve best results for the orthodontic treatment creates stress on the periodontal ligament that promotes traction of bone, bone resorption and tooth movement. During the process of the orthodontic treatment it is essential to maintain a healthy periodontium. Mostly the fixed orthodontic treatment could deteriorate periodontal health because of the wear and tear of the biofilm that access the pathogenic micro-flora to grow. In this study the knowledge and awareness of the dental doctors in Dammam is surveyed to determine the association of periodontitis with the orthodontic treatment. About 89 dental doctors participated in this study, 66 (74.2%) were female participants and 23 (25.8%) were male participants. Around 87 (97.7%) of the dental doctors of Dammam feels that periodontal complications are caused in the patients treated with orthodontics. The dental Doctors of Dammam have comparatively good knowledge about the relationship between the orthodontic treatment and the periodontal diseases. The orthodontist and the periodontist need to do research and development to avoid the periodontal disease during and after the orthodontic treatment.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative retinal disease with particular damage in the macular area. It is the most common cause of blindness in developed countries mainly affecting the elderly. The exudative or wet form represents the most severe form with rapid progression despite therapeutic progress. It is characterized by the development of choroidal neovessels, crossing the retinal pigment epithelium and developing below the macular area. We report a clinical case of exudative AMD complicated by macular edema and serous retinal detachment, diagnosed in a 70-year-old patient with cardiovascular risk factors and presenting reduced visual acuity with central scotoma. Through this case we study the risk factors, the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure of exudative AMD with a review of the literature.

Poor academic performance of most public primary schools in Suna East Sub-County is a serious challenge in Migori County. Out of five zones in the sub-county, there was low learning outcome in the assessment score with a mean standard score of 250 out of 500 marks for the last five years. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of teacher professional knowledge and application on academic performance. The study used a survey design and both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. This study was based on two theories; the goal setting theory by Edward Locke and Expectant theory by Vroom. The study had a population of 65 head teachers, 65 deputy head teachers and 500 assistant teachers in public primary schools in Suna-East Sub-County Migori County. Krejcie and Morgan table was used to obtain a sample size of 56 Head teachers, 56 deputy heads, and 217 assistant teachers. The study also used both questionnaires and interview schedules to collect data. Validity of the research instruments was determined through open discussion with the supervisors of Kisii University. Reliability of the research instruments was established through test re- test method using questionnaires and interview schedules results. The data collected was analyzed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 21 to generate descriptive statistics in a correct and informative way. This study would be significant in the field of education in enhancing quality education by the educators. The finding revealed that most of the teachers 163(83.9%) indicated that they think that professional knowledge is essential in enhancing teaching outcomes, only 33(16.1%) who did not consent. Professional knowledge is viewed as key in evaluating teachers teaching outcomes. It includes all professional record kept by the teachers to enhance learning and academic outcome. The study recommended maintenance of professional records at all times. It concluded that a teacher should ensure there is effective syllabus coverage by attending all lessons as per the school timetable. The researcher paid keen attention to research ethical issues and got the informed consent of the respondents and guarded against plagiarism and ensured confidentiality.

Introduction: Behçet disease is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by intraocular inflammation, oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions and many other visceral disorders. It is particularly prevalent in the countries of the Mediterranean basin and in the Middle East. The objective of our work is to describe clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of ocular Behçet disease. Methods: We present a retrospective study of 14 patients with ocular Behçet disease, diagnosed according to the International Study Group of Behçet disease criteria. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT. Results: The average age is 32.5 years, ranging from 17 to 64 years. A male predominance was noted. Visual acuity was > 1/10 in 8 patients, between 1/10 and 5/10 in 4 patients and > 5/10 in 2 patients. Ophthalmological examination revealed an anterior non-granulomatous uveitis in 8 patients, with hypopyon in 2 patients and with acute hypertonia in 2 others, an intermediate uveitis with hyalitis in 2 patients, a retinal vasculitis with periphlebitis in 3 patients, a branch retinal venous occlusion in 1 patient; a macular edema in 2 patients and a papillary edema in 3 patients. Fluorescein Angiography objectified vasculitis with white sheathing end tortuous vessels in 3 cases, peripheral retinal ischemia in 1 patient and papillitis with late diffusion in 3 cases. Macular OCT showed cystoid macular edema in 2 cases. Therapeutic management consisted of topical corticotherapy with mydriatics in isolated anterior inflammation. A bolus of Solumedrol at a dose of 10 mg / kg / day during 3 followed by an oral relay at 1 mg / kg / day with progressive degression, was indicated in 8 cases. Retinal photocoagulation was performed in one patient. The evolution was marked by a regression of inflammatory signs with final visual acuity ≤ 1/10 in 4 patients. Two cases were complicated by extended posterior synechiae with acute ocular hypertonia that required a Yag laser iridotomy after inflammation control. Conclusion: Blindness remains the most serious complication of ocular Behçet disease. The prognosis depends on the precocity of treatment and requires a strong collaboration between ophthalmologists and internists.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals which affect the health of human beings and the environment adversely. These pollutants could be transported by wind and water. They could affect people and animals in other countries far from where they were generated initially. POPs persist in the environment for a long time before they are degraded. They bioaccumulate in organisms through the food chain. These chemicals include the organochlorine pesticides and other halogenated organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins.The aim of this review is to examine the transport of these pollutants from their point of application and look into their effects on human health. Recent studies reported the gradual introduction of these banned chemicals under different trade names into the environment. Therefore, this review will re- enlighten the public on the dangers in the transportation as well as the harmful effects of these pollutants as they also biomagnify in human. Proper measures on the handling, usage and regulation of these contaminants especially the synthentic organochlorine pesticides should be rekindled worldwide.

Eriosema psoraleoides is a plant used in ethnomedicine in the South East of Nigeria to manage conditions related to diabetes. The present research work is aimed at investigating the antidiabetic potentials of the leaves of this plant. The plant was collected in Nsukka, Nigeria, and authenticated by a taxonomist. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaves of the plant using standard procedures. The acute toxicity was tested using the Lorke’s method. Extraction was carried out successively with n-hexane, ethylacetate and 80% aq. Methanol, by maceration. In vivo tests were carried out on alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats, using these three extracts for 14 days. Glibenclamide, 4mg/kg body weight was used as positive control. Statistical analysis was carried out using standard error of the mean and student’s t-test. Blood glucose measurements were done with a glucometer. Phytochemical results showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, anthraquinones, and reducing sugars. In the toxicity test no deaths were recorded even at 5000mg/kg body weight of the rats. In the acute antidiabetic test no significant reduction in blood glucose levels were recorded for any of the extracts in the first 180 minutes on day 1. In the chronic test, the n-hexane and ethylacetate extracts demonstrated significant (p<0.05) reductions in blood glucose levels up to 77.5%, and 75.3%, on the 14th day, respectively, compared to 79.3% for Glibenclamide. The biochemical results show the plant has antihyperlipidaemic, hepatic and renal protective effects. Our results tend to justify the use of this plant in ethnomedicine.

This article aims firstly to put up the discursive modalities and speech acts that have a pragmatic value in the text of “The inaugural lesson” by Keba Mbaye. Secondly, it will be a question of analyzing and interpreting the pragmatic value of these speech acts that make successful the communication in terms of persuasion. Thus we will precise the environmental framework of the study. We will inventory and decipher the discursive function of these particular constituent elements of the speech and finally we will put in relation these discursive elements that make persuasive the arguments. The pragmatic approach of communication proposes techniques for the interpretation about what is explicitly or implicitly said and also about the presupposition, will help finding out and analyzing some speech acts from the organizational point of view of the speech. The first part deals with the problematics and offers a presentation of the framework. As for the second part, it focuses on the different discursive mechanisms pointed up by the speaker to accomplish his purpose which is at the same time convincing and persuading the hearers.

The 2019-novel corona virus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21th century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to identify major drug gable targets in corona virus (CoV). We searched PubMed and RCSB database with keywords HCoV, NCoV, corona virus, SERS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV, crystal structure, X-ray crystallography structure, NMR structure, target, and drug target till Feb 3, 2020. The search identified seven major targets (spike protein, envelop protein, membrane protein, protease, nucleocapsid protein, hemagglutinin esterase, and helicase) for which drug design can be considered. There are other 16 nonstructural proteins (NSPs), which can also be considered from the drug design perspective. The major structural proteins and NSPs may serve an important role from drug design perspectives. However, the occurrence of frequent recombination events is a major deterrent factor toward the development of CoV-specific vaccines/drugs.

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a complicated heterogeneous disorder associated with an increased risk of maternal death. There is a major variation in the literature about the genetics of pre-eclampsia (PE). This study aims to estimate the association between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1570360) and the development of PE in the Egyptian population. Genotyping was performed using the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) and the results were confirmed by the PCR-RFLP method in 100 patients with PE and 100 PE-free patients. Results revealed that GG (wild type) genotype of rs1570360 was identified in 100 patients, (42%) of them had pre-eclampsia. SNP genotype AA was found in 84 patients and (42%) of them had pre-eclampsia. The frequency of AG genotypes was significantly low (16 %). However, the odds ratio was 40.37 for homozygocity and 9.5 for heterozygous alleles. Our study concluded that the AA and AG genotypes were not associated with PE. There is a significant relationship between the AA allele polymorphism and the severity of PE.