This study was aimed at establishing a standardized method for the processing of a traditional product, Kamsa, with consistent qualities, for prospective industrial or commercial purposes. Three samples (K1, K2, and K3) from fresh skeletal muscles of cow were prepared using the most common traditional methods of kamsa preparation. For the purpose of comparison, the fourth sample (K4) was prepared from the same meat source but, by modification of established standard methods of food dehydration and preservation. Process standardization was carried out through sensory evaluation by 15 panelists on a nine point hedonic scoring system, with 9 and 1 being extremely liked and extremely disliked, respectively. Results indicated that, among all the kamsa samples (K1 to K4) standardized, samples K4 and K1 scored the highest means in all the parameters evaluated, but varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in their aroma. A t-test comparison was further carried out between K1 and K4 samples, and the results also showed that K4 was the most preferred sample. It was concluded that the preparation method used for K4 sample could be adopted as a standard method for industrial or commercial preparation of high quality and safe kamsa.

Adult’s violence manifested against children is an extremely common phenomenon and with dramatic consequences on the latter. Therefore, at the international level, an attempt has been made to prohibit the manifestation of any form of violence against children. In our scientific approach, we set out in particular to examine the extent to which internationally adopted documents succeed in preventing violence against children and in providing them with the necessary protection against such manifestations.

For the correct application of any legal norm, it is necessary to clarify all the elements susceptible to interpretation, and when there are gaps in the law or violations of the fundamental law of a state or of the provisions of international documents to which a country is a party, the intervention of the legislator is necessary for remedying these aspects. For these reasons, in the present scientific approach we aimed to analyze some aspects of essential importance of the new formula for criminalizing the offence of blackmail, aspects that may generate difficulties both in terms of interpretation and application. Only a regulation correlated with the fundamental law of the country and with the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights can meet the requirements necessary for the protection of the mental freedom of the person who represents the social value protected by the norm of criminalizing the offence of blackmail.

Background: The association between COVID-19 and mental illness started due to the inevitable fear and anxiety about the emergence of a new disease. A future so unpredictable can be overwhelming and can cause strong emotions not only in adults, but also in children. Aim: The present review aimed at collecting and corroborating the contemporary literature on the prevalence of mental illnesses symptoms and therapeutics interventions relevant to the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: To compile this review a search of the PubMed electronic database was undertaken using the search keywords such as “novel coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, “history “prevalence of mental illnesses”, “anxiety”, “depression” and “post trauma stress” in various transformations and groupings. In addition, search was done about the availability and barriers of psychiatric, psychological and therapeutics interventions related to mental health problems in caused by the pandemics of Covid19. Conclusion: Despite the limited numbers of observational studies in this field to date, it is obvious that, the COVID-19 pandemic has Covid-19 has been a wakeup call to to a forceful and multidimensional response from psychiatrists and allied health professionals, that mental health of people during pandemics should be taken seriously at multiple levels of primary ,secondary and tertiary prevention Therefore, more work needs to be directed toward the development of community health professionals specialists, qualified to address emotional distress and identifying the basic aspect of mental health interventions Further, there is a need to develop mental health interventions which are time-limited, culturally sensitive, and can be taught to healthcare workers and volunteers to be widely disseminated among those working in this field during the pandemics.

Introduction: Any pregnancy that has occurred beyond the expected date of delivery (EDD) is referred to as post-dated or extended pregnancy. Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the obstetric outcome of postdated pregnancy among patients at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Method: This was a prospective observational type study. In this study, patients who have reached 40 weeks of gestational age were included patients who were aware of the date of the last menstrual period (LMP) along with the 1st-trimester obstetrics scan. In this study, patients who were not positive were removed from LMP. The research was carried out from January 2012 to December 2013 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This study was selected for 250 cases purposefully observational type study. Results: The study result indicates a fetus condition among the highest 95.5% of the 250 pregnant women were alive and 4.5 % died. Male baby and female babies were 49.5% and 50.5% respectively. After delivery, 75.33% of the baby admitted to the hospital, NICU 7.23%, and 17.44% did not admit to the hospital. The maximum of the management of pregnant women (87.5%) was a failure to cause oligo, and the rest was laparoscopy. Per patient operational analysis indicates the highest (75.59%) premature membrane rupture, 17.9% ectopic pregnancy, and 6.51% uterus rupture. Conclusion: Postdated pregnancy has a 50% recurrence risk for the next birth. The infection of the fetus in the form of fetal distress, meconium aspiration syndrome, birth trauma is at high risk of pregnancy. It also improves instrument delivery and operational delivery level.

Background: Papulo-squamous lesions of skin include a heterogeneous group of disorders, often showing overlap in morphology and distribution of lesions, leading to difficulty in diagnosis. Distinct histopathological features and clinical correlation provides a definite diagnosis in these lesions. Aim/Objectives: To evaluate the spectrum of non-infectious erythematous papulo-squamous skin lesions from North West India. Material and Methods: This retrospective diagnostic analytical study was carried out in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care centre in North-West India. Skin punch biopsies of clinically diagnosed non-infectious, erythematous papulo-squamous skin disorders were included. Diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination. Clinical & histopathological diagnosis of each patient was prepared & correlation performed. Results: Majority of patients were seen in 4th decade with a male predominance. Lichen Planus was the commonest histopathological lesion (42.9%) followed by psoriasis (22.9%). 5 cases of seborrheic dermatitis, 3 cases of pityriasis rosea and 2 cases each of prurigo nodularis and lichen planus pigmentosus were also seen. Clinico-histopathological concordance was observed in 77.1 % cases. Conclusions: Lichen Planus was the commonest papulo-squamous lesion observed in our study. Key histopathological findings and clinico-pathological correlation provides a conclusive diagnosis. Specific histomorphological diagnosis is paramount in distinguishing these lesions as the treatment and prognosis varies widely.

The latest threat to global health is the ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease that was recently given the name Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 was recognized in December 2019, caused by a novel coronavirus which is structurally related to the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). As in two preceding instances of emergence of coronavirus disease in the past 18 years - SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the COVID-19 outbreak has posed critical challenges for the public health, research, and medical communities. The goal of an infection control program is to provide a safe working environment for dental health care personnel and their patients. It is crucial for all dental practitioners to be up to date on current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other important guidelines, equipments, and techniques for proper infection control. Continuous evaluation of infection control practices is important, this ensures the patients and enables the dental healthcare providers confidence that oral health care can be delivered and received in a safe and effective manner.

Housing is constitutional right and human basic need. So, the objective of the paper to assess the status of housing need fulfilment for low income marginalized group. Questionnaire survey and interview were conducted with the selected, non selected construction completed and construction not started yet applicants of Program of the study area to assess the current housing scenario and their perception about the fulfilment of the housing need. Likewise the questionnaire survey and interview were carried out with planners, implementers and concerned organisations to find out the most important factors influencing the housing need of the low income groups (dalits and poor musalmans). Over 65% of the people of the low income groups (dalits and poor musalmans) in the study area were found very poor housing condition and uneducated. The improvement in the education level brings awareness, better employment opportunity and consequently improves their economic status and housing condition. The major factors of housing need are as: Neighborhood and community attachment, Place of living currently, Geographical location, Easy access to the family’s occupation, Family’s income respectively to importance.

The septate uterus is the most common uterine malformation, accounting for 30 to 50% of cases, followed by uterine malformations such as bicornuate uterus and unicornuate uterus. We report a case of a total septate uterus suspected during the obstetric examination of a patient in labor 37 weeks of amenorrhea and during an obstetric ultrasound of the term. The interest of this case is to show the obstetrical prognosis in fertile women with this uterine malformation.

This study aims to determine how the role of human development cadres (KPM) in handling stunting and community empowerment strategies in handling stunting in Malutu Village. The method used in this research is a combination research that combines quantitative methods and qualitative methods to be used together in a research activity, so that more comprehensive, valid, reliable and objective data are obtained. Data were collected by interview, area mapping and documentation. Interviews were conducted with key figures, namely the Head of Malutu Village, Posyandu Cadres, Human Development Cadres and Village Empowerment Assistants. The results showed that the problems faced by Human Development Cadres in handling stunting in Malutu Village were that the function of cadres was not optimal, the capacity building given their time was still limited so that field supplies were not sufficient and there was no further training and lack of public awareness about the dangers of stunting. The strategy in community empowerment programs in an effort to deal with stunting in Malutu Village is the strategy of SO or strength and opportunity. SO strategy is a strategy that is determined to get optimal effort. After knowing and taking advantage of the strengths, we can take full advantage of the opportunities that exist. Community empowerment strategies that can be carried out are using the available budget for optimal stunting management, increasing the capacity of human resources through support from the Hulu Sungai Selatan District Government and establishing communication between actors and making joint work plans in handling stunting.

Construction in developing countries is still influenced by the labour force. Overall objective of the study is to analyse the challenges for improvisation on labour management system through work efficiency. Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) office, Department of Food Technology and Quality Control (DFTQC) office building and Dhobi Khola Bridge along Arniko highway- at bijulibazar were selected for the study. Schedule questionnaire survey with labours, interview with agents or labour supplier clients, contractor and their project manager were conducted at each selected site for primary data collection. Attendance records, minute of meetings of all three site as well different journal were analysed and reviewed for collecting secondary data. Fluctuation in availability of labor were found mainly in months of January, June, September, October due to festivals and agricultural purposes as very few of labors were specific labor for the industry. Pilling works were mostly done by the labor from India. Labors form Bardia, Kailali, Kanchanpur, Dhading were expertise for concrete work. Similarly labors from Dolkha, Sindupalchowk, Saptari, Dhading were engaged in from work. Rebar works were found to be performed by the labors from Saptari, Siraha, Udayapur, Sunsari where as labors from Dhading, Sindhupalchowk, India were engaged for brick work. Labors were lacking for piling work, retrofitting and electromechanical works. Labors were not being provided any training nor has any performance test been performed, only 6% of labor were trained rest acquired skill through working experience which is the challenge for immersing work. Construction companies had maintained their labors supply through agents or labors suppliers. In spite of their agreement regarding health and safety facilities, contractors do not provide it to labors satisfactorily. Labors management lacks a definite framework for their development and performance. Labor management should be ensured by ensuring job guarantee, remuneration, health facility, provision of leave and compensation. Construction industries should ensure better labor management by facilitating working condition through clear working methodology and labor card. Regular training, tool box talk should be conducted for skill development. Rather than project award to the lowest bidder priority should be given to specification and working methodology. Health and safety facilities, site infra structure should be incorporated as the submittal of the contract document.

This study aims to determine the extent of the implementation of the Regional Regulation No. 12/2018 on Regional Levies in Gunung Mas Regency on Calibration/Recalibration Service Charges, and to find out the obstacles that occur in implementing these policies. This research is located in Kurun Subdistrict, Gunung Mas Regency. The data collection technique was carried out in three steps, namely: observation, interview, and documentation. The informants of this research consisted of: 1) Head of Consumer Protection and Metrology Division of the Industry and Trade Service of Gunung Mas Regency; 2) Head of Metrology Section; 3) Metrology Sector Staff; and 4) Traders who have received services and who will assess how the policies calibration/recalibration are applied. This study uses qualitative data analysis following the concept of Miles and Huberman's model with the theory of policy implementation according to Edward III. The results of the study show that the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 12 of 2018 concerning Retribution for Recalibration Services in Gunung Mas Regency is still not effective. This ineffectiveness occurs due to several obstacles, namely the absence of socialization from the Dinas regarding the SOP for implementing Recalibration services to the community. This also resulted in a lack of public knowledge about the policy, which hindered policy implementation. Limited funds are also an obstacle in the distribution of information to the public.

Choledochal cysts are a rare congenital anomaly, the malignant degeneration is the most dreadful complication of this pathology with a very unfavorable prognosis, and we report an observation illustrating this complication and its prognostic in a young woman taken in charge in our unit.

Corona virus (COVID-19) is an enveloped RNA virus that is diversely initiates in humans and wildlife. A total of 6 species have been identified to cause disease in humans. Viral infections play a critical role in human diseases, and recent outbreaks is the influx worldwide in form of novel corona .The SS-RNA virus from the enveloped corona virus family caused SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) which is life threatening viral infection. The spreading of infection is quick in many countries of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) called COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There are numerous drug trials going on with some positive results. Though, since no vaccine is available, the best way to fight the virus is by preventive measures. In the present research an attempt had been made to find new COVID-19 main protease inhibitor by molecular docking approach. The present study reveals that rifampicin has good binding affinity with COVID-19 protease and thus can be used as prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment for corona patient.

Purpose: The research was conducted to determine the knowledge level, awareness status, delay level in treatment and causes of delay of the cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa province. Method: The research is a cross-sectional study. It was conducted between November-December 2018. The patients who applied to Sanliurfa Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Diagnosis and Treatment Center (SCLDTC) constitute the study population. 375 people participated in the study. Findings: The median age of the participants was 17 years (mean 22.1 ± 17.9) and 50.9% were under 18 years of age. 53.3% of the patients were female and 46.7% were male. The education level of 51.7% of adult participants and the mothers of participants under the age of 18 was below the primary school. 54.9% of the participants or their families did not work in any job. 45.3% of the patients had facial lesions. A delay was found in 41.4 % of patients although they directly applied to SCLDTC and 58.6% of them who applied to SCLDTC after referral. 344 of CL patients experienced a total of 570 delays in different stages of access to treatment. 32.8% of those who had access to CLDTC after direct application or referral had patient delay. The most common patient delay causes are assuming that it is acne with 16.5% and neglecting with 14.6%. Delays due to health care centers are mostly in public hospitals at 13.2%. 91.6% of delays are due to dermatology clinics. The reason for the delay is that misdiagnosis and the wrong treatment in dermatology clinics. 49.6% of the delay cases were caused by the CLDTC and the most common reason for the delay was the absence of medication with 48.4%. In the logistic regression model, where independent variables affecting the patient delay are evaluated together, that the lesion is on the face increases early treatment application 2.4 times and that having only one lesion increases it 1.8 times. Result: Patients' level of basic education and knowledge of the disease is low. Although the patients knew that they should apply directly to the CLDTC, patient delay levels are high. The presence of lesions in regions other than the face decreases patients' behavior of seeking early treatment. Therefore, the information and awareness of the patients and the society about CL should be increased, the patients applying to CLDTC and their relatives should be informed, these training should be pursued and supported by posters and brochures in women's support centers, schools, etc. Compliance training should be performed with appropriate time intervals in CLDTC, with dermatologist physicians, who will work in Sanliurfa in order to reduce system delays. Pentavalent antimony required for the CLDTC and other centers should be provided on time.