Among oral diseases dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease and has been a major public health problem for many centuries. Several remineralizing agents helps in remineralization to prevent disease progression, and to improve form and function of the teeth. Remineralization is the process of depositing calcium and phosphate ions into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, thus producing net mineral gain. The present article reviews about the various agents that enhance and promote remineralization of tooth structure and their implementation into clinical practice.

Research in Kiambu County shows a variety of farmers’ information needs. Among subsistence farmers who produce a mix of food and cash crops, land size is 2-2.9 acres. Large-scale farmers grow more cash crops. Most farmers keep dairy cattle for milk and manure. This paper focuses information needs on credit, the key emerging issues. Using a descriptive research design we gathered qualitative and quantitative data on how farmers accessed credit information they needed; sources; and usage. We took a random sample of 150 farmers, 18 to 55 years, selected from 897 farmers, covering 28 cooperatives. A descriptive research design was applied. Stratified Random Sampling technique was used, with face-to-face interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Face-to-face interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were used. Specifically, we itemized a) farmers’ information needs and search on the sub-clusters–loans availability from providers, interest rates charged, availability of low interest rates, supplementary services offered by credit providers, and availability of government funds; b) information sources from the cluster: Cooperatives, Banks, Government Offices, Churches, NGOs, No information access, Salesmen, and Other people; and c) usage of the information and challenges thereof. The study reveals access to information on loan availability by providers, interest rates charged, and lowest interest rates were the most sought-after sets (in that order). Government funds information is the least sought. Top providers are Cooperatives, Banks and Government, in that order. On usage, loans from the cooperatives and banks finance projects such as construction of boreholes, increasing dairy animals or planting additional crops. Credit from cooperatives is flexible. It may feature loans in kind, e.g., animal feeds.

This research entitled The Effect of Dividend Payout Ratio and Earning Volatility on Stock Prices, the aim is to find out the effect of dividend payout ratio and earnings volatility on stock prices on manufacturing companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2017 both in parsila maupu together. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and data analysis used panel data regression. The results of data processing show that the Dividend Payout Ratio has no significant effect on the Stock Price. Then Earning Volatility has a significant effect on Stock Prices and jointly with Payout Ratio and Earning Volatility has a significant effect on Stock Prices.

The prevalence of PTM shows an increasing trend and is the number one cause of death in Indonesia. Through Posbindu a screening of residents aged ≥ 15 years is carried out as a step to prevent and control PTM risk factors. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the Integrated Disease Development Post Program (Posbindu PTM) in the work area of Buludoang Public Health Center in Jeneponto Regency, the focus of this research is to use system theory by looking at the components of input, process, output, and feedback. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive-analytic approach, through in-depth interviews, observation and document review. The research subjects consisted of 12 informants, selected by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed including stages, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions, testing the validity of using triangulation of data sources. The results of the study, the number of cadres in each Posbindu between 2-5 people and has not been supported by SK (Certificate) so that it is inadequate, found the limitations of Posbindu (Integrated Development Post) KIT and inspection sticks, there are no KIE (Communication, Information, and Health Education) modules and media and does not involve the village government in Posbindu funding. Planning is done every year but is not problem-oriented, Posbindu is not yet supported by an organizational structure, the implementation of activities is still carried out by the PTM Puskesmas program holder and there are stages that are not carried out optimally, especially tables 2 and 5. Monitoring through monitoring is not routine and only focuses on Public health center. Service coverage is 6.9% and far from the SPM (Minimum Service Standards) target, and no coaching steps have been made to improve. Improvements are needed in the system dimension by involving the village government to maximize the implementation of Posbindu.

The increasing demand of construction is a challenge to be fulfilled in this regard different new construction materials are found to be utilized differently. One of the wall construction materials Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block (AAC) is found to be used in Bharatpur Metropolitanof Nepal.The purpose of this research is to assess the technical suitability of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block as Alternative Building Construction Material for the construction of residential buildings and hotels. Laboratory test of the AAC blocks ware done .Quality control chart and t-test ware done for analysis. To test the physical properties, 5 samples of AAC block were observed for compressive strength, density andwater absorption. The compressive strength of the AAC block was found to be 4.324 N/mm2 even with a low density of 617.6 kg/m3when compared to a 3.402 N/mm2 average compressive strength of brick of 1685.8 kg/m3 density. However, the water absorption of the AAC block wasfound higher than that of the Clay brick.

Jane Eyre and Vanity Fair are two classic books in which the female images of Jane and Rebecca have attracted many readers. There are some similarities and differences in the female images as written in these stories. This paper will analyze the two female images in the two books. The goal of this article is to analyze the impact that environment and society have exercised on characters, and further advocate correct values toward friendship, marriage and family.

Asparagus racemosus Willd belongs to the plant family Asparagaceae and one of the well-known medicinal plants used in indigenous systems of medicine of Sri Lanka. It has abundant medicinal effects such as aphrodisiac, antioxidant, immunostimulant, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antidiarrheal, antiulcerogenic, antioxytocic, etc. Local suppliers for A. racemosus cannot meet the country requirement and therefore, mainly depends on imported A. racemosus grown in India. Therefore, an attempt was taken to evaluate the physico-chemical, phytochemical and nutritional profile of A. racemosus grown in India. Results revealed that 6.2 0.1% of total ash, 1.9 0.0% of water-soluble ash and 1.7 0.0% of acid insoluble ash were contained in roots of A. racemosus grown in India. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total saponin content were 14.0 ± 0.1 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract 7.1 ± 0.2 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract and 4.5±0.2 % respectively for A. racemosus grown in India. Twelve prominent spots bearing Rf values of 0.07, 0.09, 0.12, 0.20, 0.25, 0.28, 0.36, 0.48, 0.54, 0.71, 0.89 and 0.93 were present in Indian origin A. racemosus. Heavy metals such as Hg, As, Cd and Pb and microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Coliforms, Salmonella and yeast and moulds were not detected in A. racemosus roots. Energy value of A. racemosus grown in India was 22 kcal/100g. In conclusion, present study illustrates a clear idea of physico-chemical, phytochemical and nutritional properties of A. racemosus grown in India.

The Sultanate of Oman which was once considered to be a very conservative country is now going through a phase of social change wherein her women have more social awareness and are becoming extremely conscious about how they look and present themselves in public. These being the case we can with surety say that this had led to them giving more emphasis to self-hygiene and looks, which has directly led to the increase in the use of cosmetic products. A plethora of cosmetic products both nationally and internationally made now flood the Omani market. This paper aims to study the behavioral patterns towards specific cosmetic products in Oman. However, beauty is not confined to one aspect alone. Hence this paper concentrates on how the Omani women respond to specific brands covering certain specific areas of care such as Personal care products (Beauty), Skin care products (Moisturizers, Hand wash & Perfumes), Hair care products (Shampoos & Oil). Within these areas also as the brands are too many, only certain prominent brands have been selected such as the below given to serve the research: (i) Beauty – Revlon, Lakme, Elle 18, Forever, Huda Beauty, Gosh, Crème Blind & Inglot. (ii) Moisturizers – Nivea, Vaseline, Ponds, Jhonson & Jhonsons, Lakme, Bath & Body, Garnier & Dove (iii) Shampoos – Pantene, Garnier, Dove, Head & Shoulders, Tressame, Sunsilk & Ultra- Doux. (iv) Oil – Parachute, Nyle, Dabur Amla, Indulekha Bringa, Dabur Almond Oil & Garnier. (v) Handwash – Dettol, Lifebuoy, Pears, Palmolive, Lux, Dove & Camay. (vi) Perfume – Oudine Melanie, Victoria secret bombshell, Gucci, Bulgari, Chanel, L’Coste & Paco Robanne.

Background: Aging is a normal process in the life of all living beings. It is a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Some dimensions of ageing grow and expand over time, while others decline. The study looks at effect of MSRT a yoga technique in elderly to improve cognitive functions like attention, concentration, short term memory and executive functions. Materials and Methods: Elderly subjects were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 30) for a single group interventional pre-post study design: MSRT (a relaxation technique) was given for a period of 1 month (30 days). The subjects were assessed on day 1 pre and post intervention on day 30 on Six Letter Cancellation Test (SLCT), and Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B). Results: After one month of MSRT practice showed significantly better performance in the SLCT test compared to baseline by Paired sample t test (P < 0.0001) and TMT-B scores (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study establish that MSRT can be used as a technique to enhance cognition and prevent cognitive decline in the elderly.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis affecting India like other countries, with over 42,533 confirmed cases and 1373 deaths till 04 may 2020. This spread outbreaks are associated with adverse mental health consequences caused confusion, changed Quality of Life, including movement restrictions, fear of disease become panic, and closure of schools, shops and businesses, and brought about overwhelming psychological impacts, like anxiety, depression, stress, the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its relation with mental health were examined. Because of stigmatization and the fear of being labelled as someone who carries an infectious disease many at risk populations may not seek care until symptoms are unmanageable or may not seek care at all. Resilience is the capacity to cope up with stress and adversity. It is universally regarded as a positive and valued trait. Purpose of resilience is development of initiative, self-regulation and attachment, which are protective factors that can offset or moderate the effects of stress and adversity and allow to everyone to thrive of transformed by adversity. Specially, in situations of corona virus is important to nurturing resilience in individual, family and community. Methodology: In this short review, accordingly, the electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Science Direct, Embase, PsycINFO, Google scholar, Scopus were reviewed for relevant studies (with key words )that have conducted since 2014. Results: The current review paper was carried out to indicate that COVID-19 has negative psychological problems with situational difficulties like patient isolation; contact tracing, quarantine, lockdown and infection control methods should also address the risk of stigmatization among populations and the negative effects which could occur. A review of the studies performed in other parts of the world showed that COVID-19 has caused several psychological impacts, including increased anxiety. Conclusions: By an increase in the prevalence rate of COVID-19 and its resulted movement restrictions, the level of anxiety increases, as well; therefore, there is the need to public awareness of the disease programmes and providing positive psychological intervention programs for controlling stress and reduce anxiety in general population as well as addressing stigma and discrimination targeted toward individuals affected by COVID-19 and groups at higher risks is a priority for public health and health care providers. Individual resilience is a person's ability to positively cope after failures, setbacks, and losses. Developing resilience is a personal journey. Individuals do not react the same way to traumatic or stressful life events. An approach to building resilience that works for one person might not work for another.

Background: Both theoretical and empirical evidences on chronic illness suggest negative consequences of caregiving on the psychological wellbeing and Quality of Life (QOL) of the caregivers. However, the fact remain that there is a paucity of empirical researches on the quality of life of caregivers of people with chronic mental illness. Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to assess the Emotional Quality of Life among caregivers of person with chronic mental illness across gender. Setting: Psychiatric Hospitals and clinics Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Participants: The sample comprised of 100 primary caregivers of person (50 were male caregivers and 50 were Female caregivers) with diagnosed chronic mental illness of Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorder, Personality disorder, Depression and Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Those willing to participate in the study were interviewed to assess their Emotional quality of life. Results: The female caregivers painfully construe caregiving as sadness and also attribute caregiving to be the source of their sadness in life. Somewhere there is a fatalist attitude adding greater pain in their life and they cope with pain and sadness largely by crying. On the other hand, male caregivers have reported painful and conflictual relationship with the patient as the perceived meaning of sadness and pain both. However, they cope up with the same by moving away and sharing with people. Globally the self-image of the caregivers is negative more specifically after the caregiving. The narratives of the caregiver are subsumed in a model. Conclusions: The findings of the study serve as the roadmap for furthering researches into emotional wellbeing of the caregivers of the person with chronic mental illness. Largely the attention is more towards creating intervention for the patients suffering from mental illness. Such studies would serve as the base for creating and improved emotional Quality of life for the caregivers.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated “COVID- 19”) is a highly contagious respiratory disease. It was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and since then it has spread across the globe and leads to many mortality and morbidity [1]. Therefore strict lockdown and many unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the COVID-19 across the world. The effectiveness of these measures is highly dependent on cooperation of all members of society. People’s adherence to preventive measures is markedly affected by their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Health care professional should have correct knowledge and fair attitude towards COVID-19, since they are the most influential community in health matters. In this study, KAP towards COVID-19 among the B.Sc. nursing students of Saudi Arabia was assessed. An online KAP questionnaire was answered by the participants. The questionnaire consisted of 15 knowledge, 10 attitude and 5 practice based questions. The average knowledge score for participants was 10.8. The overall correct answer rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 72%. About 64% of participants were obtained scores above 10. The majority of the respondents 72.6% were hopeful that world people will get rid of COVID-19 very soon, 79% believe that hand hygiene and wearing a mask can help to prevent getting the infection, 90.3% agree that practicing quarantine by staying at home and avoiding crowded places can help prevent getting infection, 75.8% conscious about the guideline given by WHO, 88.7% agree that it is necessary to rub hands with soap or alcohol for at least 20 seconds, 96.8% agree that it is essential to maintain at least 1 meter physical distance to prevent getting infection, 71% believe that humanity, fraternity and empathy to one another help us fight against COVID-19, 74.2%believe that focusing on improving immune power is a good option to prevent getting infection, 38.7%think that COVID-19 will remain in the world forever, 48.4% believe that people those are already recover from the disease also cannot transmit infection to others, 77.4% wash their hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 to 40 seconds, 91.9% follow social distancing to avoid contact of infected persons, 83.9% avoid going crowded places these days, 75.8% practicing good respiratory hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands and 87.1% wore masks when going out in recent days. There was no significant difference found between the knowledgeable score of males and females about COVID-19. They hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19.

Education today is becoming completely associated with the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the content delivery, communication and collaboration. Cloud computing simply involves the provision of information technology (IT) solutions as a service rather than as a product through the Internet. Sudan just like any other developing countries is yet to fully adopt cloud based systems according to trust and security challenges. The motive of this paper is to identify the extent and characteristics of Cloud Computing adoption in Sudanese universities and higher education institutions. The study assessed Cloud Computing uses in terms of actual use of cloud services and applications, ability of transition from conventional systems to cloud computing technology, and efficiency of the technical staff of IT to deal with modern technologies. The adoption of the Cloud Computing services in higher education in Sudan was relatively low. The results showed that here is a significant relationship between the adoption of Cloud Computing in Sudan and the four independent variables; (Basic knowledge of cloud computing services and applications, the actual use of cloud computing technology, ability of transition from conventional systems to Cloud Computing Technology and skills of IT human resources) at level of significance α= 0.05.

Aim: The need for the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude as well as perception of clinical implications of behavioral management techniques (BMT) in undergraduate students. Methodology: Our research enrolled 280 final year BDS students into the questionnaire survey. The survey consisted of 15 objective questions which were emailed to the survey participants. The questions were regarding the teaching of various behavior management techniques in the various institutes, and the attitude of the participants as to which method they are most likely to use according to the age group. Results: Our study showed that final year students had limited access to manage pediatric patients. Participants reported that one of the most common problems they faced in pediatric patients was to overcome their anxiety and fear of needles in the dental setup (75.3%). Most common form of BMT which was observed by the UG students was ‘Tell Show Do’ technique (67.3%), which made the pediatric patients familiar with dental set up. Conclusion: We observed that final year students need more exposure and better experience to handle pediatric patients with use of various behaviour management techniques, which will also help to build their confidence in accomplishing their professional goals later on.

Inflammatory myofibroblast tumors (IMT) formerly known as inflammatory pseudotumours was first described in 1905 by Birch-Hirschfield and is characterized by myofibroblastic proliferation associated with lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasmocytes and macrophages that form part of a stroma rich in collagen fibres. Several hypotheses such as autoimmune, infectious and tumour origin have often been discussed, although etiopathogeny is not yet fully understood. The cervico-facial location is extremely rare, less than 3%, and precisely the maxillary has been reported only twenty times in the literature .The treatment is based primarily on the most carcinogenic surgical resection possible when the tumor is accessible. We report the observation of a patient followed in our unit for a pseudoinflammatory maxillary localization tumor. The authors would like to share their approach and discuss the clinical, paraclinic and therapeutic aspects of this rare entity never seen before in our experience.