Ureteric duplication is the most common anomaly of urinary system. It may be complete, incomplete, unilateral or bilateral. In the present systematic review, we searched online databases according to PRISMA method for the availability of literature in the form of original research articles as well as case reports describing the duplication of ureter in the human cadaveric dissection for the duration from January 2011 to May 2020. We include 8 original research articles and 14 case reports in the present study. We thoroughly discuss all these articles on the basis of unilateral or bilateral; complete or incomplete duplication of ureter as well as other associated abnormalities of urogenital system. Data compilation of all these studies show higher incidence of left incomplete ureteric duplication as compared to right incomplete ureteric duplication. No such difference was found for the incidence of left and right complete ureteric duplication.

For decades, Nigella sativa has been used as herbal medicine. Thymoquinone is a main ingredient isolated from Nigella sativa and has wide range of pharmacological activities, such as protection from oxidative stress, inflammation and infections. This is also suggested that most of the therapeutic effects of Nigella sativa are because of the presence of thymoquinone that's the most bioactive constituent of the Nigella sativa. The crude and thymoquinone extracted from its seeds and oil are effective against non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, etc.) and communicable diseases (malaria, AIDS, hepatitis C virus, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections etc.). The literature studies were preliminary and scanty; however the results revealed that Nigella sativa (black seed) plants have a possible therapeutic impact for wide range diseases. Such results are encouraging for the incorporation of those plants in treatment of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Background: alteration in the jaw growth falling within the non-syndromic/normal variation of the facial features may lead to malocclusion of the teeth severe enough to be treated by orthodontics or orthognathic surgery so as to restore normal occlusion. The abnormal cervical muscle function occurring during torticollis may lead to alteration of the head posture affecting the growth and development of the maxilla-facial region leading to occlusal abnormality and facial asymmetry. Case report: A 14 year old torticollis treated with myofunctional and fixed orthodontic appliance.

Thalassemia is a genetic disease of autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by the reduction or absence of production of one of the normal globin chains, which causes chronic hemolytic anemia. Iron overload is the main prognostic factor for mortality and morbidity, and the quality of chelation remains the major prognostic factor for the disease. The aim of our work is to emphasize the major impact of chelating treatment in post-transfusion hemochromatosis, on life expectancy, the prevention of cardiac, hepatic and endocrine complications. Our study is a cross-sectional study on 15 cases of major β thalassemia in children in the pediatric hematology unit of the CHU Oujda whose current age is between 2 and 13 years with an average of 8 years old and predominantly female (66%). Therapeutically, all our patients are on a transfusion program every 2 to 4 weeks. The iron overload assessment in our series was based on the 3-month ferritinemia assay, liver MRI, and annual echocardiography. In our series, 14 of our patients were put on iron chelating treatment for which Deferasirox was the molecule of choice. All of our patients tolerated Deferasirox very well and did not tolerate Deferriprone. The evolution was marked by the improvement of ferritin in 7 cases, 4kept stationary ferritinemia and 3 cases increased their ferritinemia level. In the light of these results, thalassemia is a real public health problem whose complications are serious and whose morbidity and mortality are high, hence the need for good management for a good prognosis based on the 2 pillars monthly transfusion and iron chelation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment.

The regulation of the shipping industry is deeply rooted in treaties or agreements – whether bilateral, multilateral or universal. Where such treaties emanate from a sub-regional organization, however, it all depends on whether the organization in question is geared towards loose cooperation or formal integration. Basically, loose cooperation-oriented organizations such as the Gulf of Guinea Commission do not have treaty-making competence. However, they generally function alongside well-established international organizations such as the UN and IMO and are often credited with working to encourage states in the implementation and enforcement of major international instruments at the regional level. On the other hand, formal integration-oriented organizations such as the EU and CEMAC usually develop instruments that tend to heavily impact the legislative framework of their member-states. It is therefore to be expected that CEMAC instruments, notably the CEMAC Merchant Shipping Code, would impact Cameroon’s maritime legislation. Such impact can be seen from what Cameroon has achieved in terms of the modernization of its maritime legislation and the provision of solutions to the challenges inherent in its dual legal system. Furthermore, the CEMAC Shipping Code regime must also be perceived as a component of Cameroon’s overall effort geared towards meeting international maritime legislative implementation and enforcement standards. However, the challenges confronting the country at these various levels are huge and questions arise as to the adequacy of the CEMAC Shipping Code regime in addressing them. This article thus sets out to make an appraisal of the CEMAC Shipping Code regime in its perceived role as vehicle for developing Cameroon’s maritime legislation and addressing the related challenges inherent in the country’s dual legal system. The methodology adopted is doctrinal in approach and involves a content analysis of primary and secondary data. The article concludes with a proposed strategic framework for maritime legislative development and some practical suggestions directed at the government of Cameroon, but which should equally be useful to governments elsewhere.

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence and analyze differences in abnormal retruns, tranding volume, and bid-ask spreads on companies that grow and companies do not grow before and after the announcement of a stock split and to know the average abnormal retrun and average tranding volume stock and average daily bid-ask spread of share around stock split announcements. This study uses 66 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which carried out a 2013-2019 stock split period. Companies grew to 48 companies and 18 companies did not grow. Categorizing cpmpany growth an growth using the ISO (Investment Opportunity Set) proxy MVE/BVE (Market Vakue For Equity Book) Proxy. Data Collection techniques in this study were carried out using a purposive sampling method base on secondary data availabel on the Indonesia Stock Exchane. The method of analysis use the Pried Test t-test sample, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Multiple Regression with IBM SPSS version 22.This study shows that there are significant differnces in bid-ask spreads, friendly tranding volume in companies growing and not growing before and after the stock split, and there are significant abnormal retrun differnces in reef companies but there are not significant differences in companies not growing before and after a stock split and there is a significant influence of average abnormal retrun and the average trading volume of shares simultaneously on the average bid-ask spread around the annoucement of a stock split.

Sports is a major contributor for economic and social development of country. The contribution of sports to empower the Youth, childrens, individuals communities to promote health and fitness. The Study is conducted through Questionnaire with google form for the Impact of Sports due to COVID 19 in India. 510 Respondents from India from all states and 62 respondents from Philippines, Malaysia, Ethiopia, Thailand and Nigeria etc. are participated in the study. Sports in Threat due to COVID 19. Many Sports Persons has lots of opportunities. Sports in dangerous situation. COVID 19 effected National Tournaments, International Tournaments, Sports Centres, Coaching Closed, monetary benefits of sports persons, coaches and sports organizations, Technical training, Physical Training, Tactical Training, Famous Sport of India IPL Cricket Postponed etc. Online Sports Coaching is not so effective for improvement of performance. Physical Exercises has become an important part to improve the immunity to have less impact of COVID 19. Social distancing cannot be done in all contact sports such as wrestling, boxing, taekwondo, Judo etc. Sports in threat globally.

Background: Maternal genital tract colonization with GBS during pregnancy is an important risk factor for neonatal GBS infections. Methodology: This prospective study was done to determine Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnancy using selective and non-selective culture media. The total sample size was 300 pregnant women. In 200 women, vaginal and rectal swabs were collected and inoculated separately in non- selective blood agar media and in another 100 women, vaginal and rectal swabs were collected and inoculated separately in selective Todd-Hewitt broth media for GBS isolation. Results: The detection rate for GBS was more when Todd Hewitt Broth was used for initial inoculation than direct inoculation in blood agar. The overall GBS prevalence rate among pregnant women was 2.3% in our study. Conclusion: Our finding supports the current recommendations that inoculation in selective medium is fundamental to maximize GBS detection rates and should be employed by laboratories involved in screening of pregnantwomen.

Purpose: To study the demographic profile of the donated corneas and eye donation trend of an eye bank in tertiary care hospital in North India. Study Design- Retrospective, non-comparative observational study. Material and Methods- Data from 1273 donor eyes collected from all over Haryana under Hospital Cornea Retrieval Programme (HRCP) and those collected from voluntary donors at their residence from April 2011 to March 2020 were analyzed including the demographic features like the cause of death, gender, age, and place of tissue procurement, death-enucleation time &distance from the eye bank. Results: During the study period, 1273 corneas were retrieved from 672 donors, among which 59.2% were males and 40.8% were females, with donor age ranging from 12-102 years. Most of the donors were from nearby districts in Haryana and few from neighbouring state of Punjab. Maximum number of eye donations was in the age group of 51-70 years. Death enucleation time was within 6 hrs from death in majority of the donors. 51.5% of the donor corneas were procured from within 50 kms from the eye bank. 60% of the corneas were collected from home and 40% under HRCP (Hospital corneal retrieval programme). The most common cause of donor death was due to old age (Natural death), followed by cardiovascular disease, trauma/multiple injury. Conclusion: Analysis of the Eye Bank registers provided valuable information in relation to eye banking and corneal utilisation in Haryana, northern India and significant trends were identified in donor demographics.

Purpose: This study aims at assessing the impact of Saudi Arabia nursing students in their internship experience with High- Fidelity Simulation Labs. Focus is primarily on the satisfaction and self-confidence of the students in learning and also the ability of the program in preparing the students for the actual practice. Design: The study used a descriptive quantitative data collection method. Specifically, an online survey method via Survey Monkey was adopted and focused on collecting data that was related to learning tools in satisfaction and self-efficacy. Thirteen questions (items) were designed, five of which were about satisfaction, whereas eight addressed self-confidence. The theoretical framework chosen was from Bandura's social learning theory, which postulates that people learn from one another through observation, imitation, and modeling. Moreover, according to the theory, there are five basic human cognitive human capabilities, which are the ability to use symbols, learning through observation, forethought, self-regulation, and self-reflection. The study used descriptive data analysis, specifically the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, to analyze the data collected. Participants: Nursing students from a private college in Saudi Arabia and the Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission (SACM) in the USA. Findings: The key findings from the research is that students increased their satisfaction and self-confidence while learning with (HFS). In this case, the students were satisfied with the materials, methods of learning, and activities involved when learning with HFS since this demonstrated their knowledge and experience in a clinical setting. Conclusion: High-Frequency Simulation offers a great opportunity for the students to have a near firsthand experience of how to take care of the patients without putting the actual patient’s health at risk. The significance of the study is that it can be instrumental in aiding educators in Saudi to improve and support the nursing students by utilizing HFS.

Objective: To evaluate the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma-orthopedic surgery at the Moulay Ismail military hospital in Meknes, in order to determine the deviations from the local protocol established and to propose corrective measures. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive prospective study evaluating the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma and orthopedic surgery, which involved two hundred seventy-two patients operated on over a period of six months. This study took place in three phases. The collection of data on cards developed for this purpose; analysis of the results and review of the literature to judge the compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis decisions with local recommendations and protocols. Results: For the 272 patients operated on during the study period, of whom 72% were male, the compliance with the judgment criteria was respectively: 97.80% for the indication with antibiotic prophylaxis, 98.33% for the choice of molecule, 95% for the administered dose, 100% for the schedule of the first injection, 100% for the route of administration and only 3% for the duration of the antibiotic prophylaxis. Discussion and conclusion: The results of our study confirm the discrepancies reported by various international studies, these discrepancies are due to the deviation of antibiotic prophylaxis practices to local protocols and international standards. The antibiotic prophylaxis recommendations remain imperfectly applied even after the publication of guidelines. These results make essential: an update of the local protocols already established which must take into account on the one hand recent international recommendations and on the other hand local ecology, the day before the active dissemination of these protocols and their application by professionals and the need to train all prescribers using methods adapted to their professional constraints. Educate surgeons in the hospital department on the lack of interest in extending the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis beyond 48 hours and in prescribing unjustified combinations.

Background: Multiple myeloma is the majorly occurring plasma cell dyscrasia. It involves the plasma cells, bone marrow and kidneys. There is monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells which secrete light chain immunoglobulins IgG type. These immunoglobulins tend to precipitate in the form of para proteins. It has a very complex pathogenesis which makes difficult to predict the prognosis of the disease. Therefore, majority of cases go into phase of relapse or progression and may sometimes present with bone lesions which were not present in the primary disease. Case Report: A 52 year male patient presented to the out patient department of our institute. He was a known case of multiple myeloma and was in the remission phase. He complained of pain in 46 and 47 region which he had undergone extraction 3 months back. On evaluation, the lesions were found to be bone lesions present in multiple myeloma. Therefore, a diagnosis of relapse case of multiple myeloma was given. Conclusion: Multiple myeloma is a disease of variable prognosis and needs to have thorough follow up protocols and an interdepartmental approach, in order to have an early diagnosis and treatment.

Introduction: The rational use of antibiotics is a major concern due to the development of bacterial resistance and the emergence of multiresistant bacteria. The objective of this study is to evaluate the consumption of antibiotics within the HMMI for 3 years (2016 to 2018). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of the consumption of antibiotics for 3 years (2016 to 2018), allowing the distribution of hospital services in 5 activity sectors; whereas the calculation of antibiotic consumption in DDJ / 1000JH made it possible to determine the overall consumption of all antibiotics of the HMMI in DDJ / 1000JH for the years 2016-2017-2018; to determine the consumption by antibiotic families of HMMI in DDJ / 1000 JH for the years 2016-2017-2018; to determine the average consumption by antibiotic families and by activity sectors in DDJ / 1000JH. Results: The analysis of the overall consumption of all antibiotic families combined showed a consumption of 861.38 DDJ / 1000JH in 2017 and 700.97 DDJ / 1000JH in 2018. While the calculation of the percentage change between the years 2016 and 2018 revealed a decrease in the overall consumption of antibiotics by (-9.07%). Analysis of consumption by families of antibiotics has shown that betalactamines are the most prescribed molecules with 77.39% or on average (601.86 DDJ / 1000JH); monitoring of fluoroquinolones with 7.21% or on average (56.08 DDJ / 1000JH); monitoring of aminoglycosides with 6.44% or on average (50.12 DDJ / 1000JH). Analysis of the overall antibiotic consumption by sector of activity has shown that the resuscitation sector is the sector most prescribing antibiotics of all families, with an average of 1345.61 DDJ / 1000 JH. Discussion: The results of our work showed high consumption, explained either by an adapted prescription policy or overconsumption by inappropriate prescriptions. Various surveys show that 20 to 50% of prescriptions for antibiotics are inappropriate in hospitals. Conclusion: The link between the use of antibiotics and the emergence of bacterial resistance is clear The present retrospective study was an important assessment. Which must be supplemented by prospective studies evaluating the quality of prescription at the level of the services most consuming antibiotics.

Uterine rupture on healthy uterus is a very rare obstetric complication; few cases have been described in the literature. We report a case of rupture taken care of in our training. Multiparity and cross-presentation were the main risk factors. The treatment was conservative with a tubal section tightening to avoid the risk of recurrence.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of temephos against Aedes aegypti larvae in the Buffer Airport and Poso Sea Port area. This type of research is quasi-experimental. The research sample used the first-generation instar Fed 1 Aedes aegypti larvae obtained from mosquito breeding. A total sample of 240 tails consisted of treatment and control with 3 replications each. Testing uses 1% temephos concentration. The statistical test used in univariate and probit analysis. Based on the results of the study showed that the Poso Airport Buffer, Aedes aegypti test larvae were susceptible to temephos 1% with a total mortality of 100% of the test larvae. where the WHO standard criteria state for larvae of the test 98-100% Vulnerable, 80-98% Tolerant deaths, and <80% resistant. Likewise, with the Poso Port Buffer region, the Aedes aegypti test larvae are susceptible to temephos 1% with a total of 100% average adult mosquito mortality. the overall lethal time values (LT50, LT90, LT95, LT99) in the Poso Sea Port Buffer region are higher than in the Poso Airport Buffer area, where the Poso Sea Harbor Buffer area for 1% temephos requires a longer time to kill the Aedes aegypti test larvae, compared to the Poso Sea Port Buffer region. by poso airport. Especially to kill 99% of test larvae in the Poso Sea Port Buffer region, temephos 1% takes 147.2 minutes or 2 hours 27 minutes while for the Poso Airport Buffer region it only takes 119.86 minutes or 1 hour 59 minutes to kill 99% of larvae test.