Background: Spinal tumors are tumors that can occur within or adjacent to the spinal cord. It can be primary tumors or secondary/ metastatic tumors. Primary tumors of the spine are rare and most of these lesions are asymptomatic. Primary spinal cord tumors account for 2 to 4 percent of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Spinal tumors are classified based on their location as extradural and intradural. Intradural tumors can be intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCT) or intradural extramedullary (IDEM). Objective: To review the clinicopathological features of 5 histologically confirmed spinal tumor cases. Material & Methods: This study includes 5 cases of spinal tumors diagnosed by histopathological examinations. Result: Out of 5 cases we got 2 meningiomas, 1 spinal angiolipoma,1 schwannoma, and 1 myxopapillary ependymoma. Conclusion: The study can contribute to epidemiologic knowledge of Spinal cord tumors

Background/aim: There is a need to assess students’ reflective work to identify learning enhancers and barriers to improve nurse training. Although reflective writing has been an ongoing clinical nurse education practice globally, analysis of journal reflections to identify student nurses’ clinical experiences is scanty, especially in the local Kenyan setting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived clinical experiences of student nurses to identify learning enhancers and barriers. Methods: This research was the qualitative part of a mixed-method approach. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to scrutinize 138 reflective journal entries of 36 undergraduate nursing students in the second and third years of practice. The participants were from a Public University, School of Nursing, in Kenya. The students documented their clinical experiences during their medical-surgical clinical attachment at a National Referral Hospital in Kenya between February and August 2018. The average entries per student were four with a range of 2-6 entries per journal. Gibb’s reflective model guided documentation of reflections. NVIVO version 11 was used to code, transcribe, and analyze the journal narratives. Results: Four main themes emerged from the analysis; Gaining new skills and knowledge, confidence levels, professional practice gaps, and professional support system. Conclusion: Nursing students’ experience is focused on gaining new knowledge and skills and building their confidence to practice. However, positive and negative encounters develop their buoyancy and frustrate their desire to learn, respectively.

Crime prevention are an integral part of efforts to protect society (social defense). In a context of the criminal justice system, the function of criminal law is to provide protection for the rights and interests of individuals, both perpetrators and victims of criminal law. The research is an empirical legal research. The results show that the essence of the claim for compensation for crime victims in national regulations is an effort made by providing a place for crime victims to obtain justice, benefit and legal certainty as an objective of the law. The mechanism for claiming compensation for crime victims has never been prosecuted for compensation by the public prosecutor. Hence, the ideal concept of the provisions in the claim for compensation can be done through regulations in compensation claims both for restitution and compensation in the implementing rules both material and formal criminal law.

Introduction: Snake bite is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Snake venom is a complex mixture containing peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, glycoproteins and other substances which have pharmacological properties. It mainly affects the vital organ systems such as the cardiovascular, nervous, renal and respiratory systems. Studies have shown that following the bite krait snake, patients suffer from hypokalemia and sink into coma. However, no clear conclusive result has been arrived at in studies conducted in rural Kolar district. Objective: To explore the biochemical changes with respect to renal disturbances in snake bites. Methodology: This is a hospital based observational study since these parameters were studied after the snake bite and at the time of admission; data was collected from our hospital records and includes the measured values of blood urea, serum creatinine, serum sodium and potassium levels, bleeding time and clotting time at the time of admission in 30 snake bite victims. These cases were compared with age and gender matched healthy controls. Results: Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were not elevated in the victims while serum potassium level was decreased (p<0.001) and serum sodium was increased (p<0.05). Bleeding time was also increased (p<0.001) when compared to controls. Conclusion: The hypokalemia observed may be due to increased urinary excretion or intracellular shifting of potassium.

This paper examined the Local Content Act, 2010 in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria and its operability and realisation of the aims and objectives. Human capacity-building and development of the local populace by giving opportunity to Nigerians to be effectively involved in the industry as a cardinal objective was so far given reasonable attention, as against the hitherto monopoly of the industry by foreigners. Job opportunities resulted and taken by Nigerians for skilled and unskilled workers; even as many Nigerians received various trainings for skills acquisition. The paper noted gaps to be filled as the level of expertise of Nigerians still fall short of expectation. It recommended measures to improve the realisation of the objectives of the Act such as aggressive investment in research and development to enhance transfer of technology.

The new energy is urgent task for us to do. It is not only for contaminated environment but also for resource protection. The basic principle research must be proceeded to keep up with advanced country. Mathematics and applied project will be erected to model all kinds of practice. Auto and robot is two factors to develop manufacture technology. Between them robot is new industrious project for us to erect urgently. The auto is developed through new energy source like electricity and hydrogen etc clean fuel.

An unimaginable change has occurred in the past 50 years in the restorative dentistry. People are nowadays more concerned about their smile and hence opting for various dental procedures to get that perfect smile. According to the World Health Organization, oral health is often inter-twisted with the general health that determines the quality of life of a person and a good oral health reduces mortality. It is important to balance between the knowledge of the dental professionals about the smile aesthetics and the perception of the patient to create a dazzling and pleasing smile. The aesthetic dentistry treatment planning May includes interacting of different dental disciplines like endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics prosthodontics, and restorative modalities. The snap on smile is a removable, flexible and adjustable device that needs no preparation or reconstruction of the tooth structure. It doesn't require any anaesthetic injections. In fact it is non-invasive that makes it perfectly reversible. The purpose of this systematic review is to review the literature about the snap on smile. Data was extracted from the online databases like Med-line and Pub-Med Central, and tabulated using the pre designed data extraction forms. 11 articles were included in the study of the systematic review of literature about the snap on smile. The individuals with aesthetic smile appear more attractive in the photograph than the individual with no aesthetic smile. Snap on Smile can create a person’s image and also inspire his self-confidence. Snap on Smile offers an immediate change in the smile and gives the most compelling experience by the patient. The snap on smile is a total non-invasive and reversible treatment that gives an instant change and adds up to the attractiveness of an individual’s face. The snap on smile is a total non-invasive and reversible treatment that gives an instant change and ads up to the attractive of an individual’s face. The Snap on Smile gives a temporary instant results of a dazzling smile and may last from 2 to 5 years, it requires no adhesives, no cementation, no bonding, no invasion, no impingement, and is inexpensive when compared with Veneer and Dental Implants. However it has few drawbacks like it is less durable, gives more fake look, and gives bulky appearance, with increased risk of decay and development of plaque.

Microplastics come from various types of materials in the form of pieces, fibres, fragments, granules, slabs, or tiny flakes between 0.1-5000 µm. It is very resistant to degradation and is insoluble in water. Microplastics are widely distributed in the oceans, sediments, land, and consumed by marine organisms such as fish and shellfish. This study aims to describe the presence of microplastics in the faeces of pregnant women. This type of research is an analytic observation with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study amounted to thirty pregnant women. Data obtained through interviews using a questionnaire and examination of faeces samples. The results showed that all stool samples contained microplastics. The number of microplastics found ranged from 5 to 21 microplastics with the types of fiber, fragments, and films. The length of the microplastics ranges from 0.2 - 4.9 mm. It is concluded that ingested microplastics are disposed of through feces but the residue will accumulate in the body and can pose health risks in the long term. Encouraging the role of the government through education and regulation so that the community obeys and does not throw garbage anywhere.

Generalized lymphadenopathy is a common cause of concern for both patients and clinicians. Causes for kikuchi fujimoto’s are infections and malignancies. Kikuchi Fujimoto disease (KFD) presents with fever, lymphadenopathy it also presents with systemic involvement. We report the cases of a 5 patients who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, high fever, skin vasculitis and polyserositis. The lymph-node biopsy shows histiocytotic necrotizing lymphadenitis, suggestive of Kikuchi’s disease.

Objective: Highlight the different clinical and surgical features of this pathology. Bring the experience of the service and the chirurgical specificities encountered during the care of these patients. Materiels and méthods: Retrospective study of 24 cases of paranasal sinus mucoceles collected and operated in our department since January 2017 to December 2019. Results: The average age was 41 years. We noted 22 cases of ethmoid-frontal localization, 1 case of maxillary localization and 1 case of sphenoidal localization. The most common symptoms were swelling of the inner corner of the eye and exophthalmia. Complicated superinfection of orbital cellulitis was revealing in 3 cases. Facial computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was requested in 3 patients. The surgical treatment consisted of a wide marsupialization by the endo-nasal route in 24 cases and by combined approach in 1 case. A recurrence was observed in two patients, after an average delay of 12 months. Conclusion: Mucocele is a relatively rare benign pathology, its symptomatology depends on its location. CT and MRI of the facial sinuses represent the key exams for diagnostic assertion. Treatment is surgical. Endonasal endoscopic marsupialization is currently the treatment of choice.

The electric vehicle as its precious control will be applied widely in agriculture manufacture and transportation that is thought. They are applicable and have future focus in electric vehicle by now. The main advantage is it precision and rapidness to compare traditional vehicle. The second is clear and safe to our environment that will protect energy over use. The third is that cost decreasing due to their unified specification. It allows us to produce rapidly and largely in every area.

In this study the market of Japanˎ Korea and China is researched from actual. It is found that the automatic productions are popular in common. The automatic line and seller is developed direction in future. Meantime consumer of daily production is important in the future as well. The turns are Japan to China in this respect according to writer traveling. Korea is key ie. Middle position in these countries. So combining these three countries to common aim will be subject in future.

Administration of oral of morphine for pain management to adult cancer patients has remained a great challenge. Nurses working in medical wards of Kenyatta National hospital have been faced with challenges of inadequate knowledge and attitudes of oral morphine administration to adult cancer patients. Oral morphine would provide relieve of pain in adult patients suffering from moderate or severe pain resulting from cancer. The main objective of the study was to establish nurses’ knowledge, and attitudes on administration of oral morphine for pain management to adult cancer patient in medical wards, Kenyatta National Hospital. A descriptive study was carried out and a total of 34 nurses participated in the study. Data was collected using structured, open-ended questionnaires for respondents. Data was analysed using the Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version twenty-one. Majority of the respondents 71.2% (n=24) received training on administration of oral morphine through on job training, (48.1%) respondents were undecided on administering oral morphine. Majority at (76.9%) nurses underestimated patients’ pain and all nurses agreed their reluctant to administer oral morphine because of respiratory depression. The study concludes that adult cancer patients with pain are not adequately relieved of pain and majority of nurses have inadequate knowledge and attitudes on administration of oral morphine. This study recommends continuing education programs on administration of oral morphine to adult cancer patient for nurses to facilitate acquisition of skills of oral morphine administration to relieve pain to adult cancer patients.

The most talented and wise teachers with a lot of training and expertise in most cases become unable to contribute effectively in developing learners’ skills when unfortunately their teaching styles do not meet learners’ needs. So, it is definitely important to evaluate teachers’ teaching styles by the learners for getting clear conception about teaching effectiveness. Though this is not the only means of assessing effective teaching, it is still an unavoidable concept where the reflections provided by both male and female learners require to be considered equally and accordingly. Universally, every individual is unique in his/her thinking with certain differences and sometimes he/she also keeps similar understandings with others on some points – this is also true for language learners. Keeping this in mind, this paper attempted to collect the opinions of tertiary level Bangladeshi English language learners concerning their teachers’ competencies with main focus on checking out whether there are thought differences or similarities between male and female learners regarding the issue. For the purpose of the study, data from 99 students (39 male, 60 female) of Level-1, Semester-1 under the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) was collected who took part in the survey for evaluating the qualities of their existing three English language teachers.

The strong hope of realizing a just, advanced, and prosperous Sambas community is an ideal that has been embedded for a long time, especially after the Madurese and Malay Ethnic Conflict in Sambas Regency in 1999. In an effort to help realize this goal, the writer feels the needs to conduct research on this subject matter with the main problem discussed in this article that are divided in to what factors that cause inter-ethnic conflict in Sambas and to then analyze the new construction of the legal culture of the society that was developed by the Madurese and Sambas Malay ethnicities in order to further increase the conflict recovery based on the value of justice. This study uses a constructivism paradigm with a socio-legal research approach. The results showed that the ethnocentric and exclusive attitude of the Madurese ethnic group made social interactions with the Sambas Malay ethnic destructive, in the form of a social conflict that ended with the expulsion of the Madurese ethnicity from Sambas Regency. This is exacerbated by differences in origins, cultural values as the basis for differences, also due to the ethnocentric and exclusivistic character of the Madurese as a trigger for conflict, and the weak rule of law as a factor that further widens the life gap between the two ethnic groups where in this case, is a new reconstruction of legal culture, that the Madurese ethnic needs to reposition cultural values in the context of adaptation/adjustment, so that they can be accepted back in Sambas Regency, because they are able to adapt socially and adapt, in the form of multiculturalism education for basic education and middle school, Islamic boarding schools, and aculturation in a form of marriages between Madurese and Dayak as the People of Sambas.