Background: Dental caries remains public health problem worldwide. It may develop in an early stage of life as soon as teeth erupt. Dental caries exhibits diminishing trends in most of the developed countries, but still increasing trends seen in many developing countries. Aim: To assess the prevalence of dental caries in 11-14years old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana, India. Materials and methods: This study was a part of a cross sectional descriptive study which was conducted among 2200 school children of 11-14 years old age in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana, India. After obtaining the data from central ground water board, Haryana, 3 districts were selected using cluster random sampling out of 14 endemic fluoride districts. Dental examination was carried out by a single trained investigator. Socio-demographic details of children were recorded and WHO basic oral health assessment criteria for children modified (2013) was used for assessment of dental caries. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS 18 package for relevant statistical comparison. Results: In the present study 997 (45.3%) were males and 54.7% were females. Caries prevalence was reported to be 19% among the study subjects. Mean DMFT was found to be (0.27±0.70). Conclusion: The present study revealed that the prevalence of dental caries and DMFT was low among children. The reason behind this may be due to high concentration of fluoride in drinking water in those areas.

In this global village characterized by communication, globalization and verbal interaction; these different words have become obligatory that we cannot do nothing without them. Dschang University, provides efforts to students to enable them to communicate. One of its primary objectives is to provide the student with an effective tool allowing them to easily communicate with others in specific social circumstances. To learn and master a language is to be able to communicate in that language, therefore to act and interact effectively, by speaking it correctly. How can we assess the effectiveness of this communication in the university environment of Dschang?

Natural world has been a resource of curative agents for thousands of year and an inspiring number of modern drug have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. Plants from the genus Zizyphus have been used in conventional medicine by many cultures. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds tri-terpenic acids and polysaccharides constituents have been reported as the major phyto-constituents of the Zizyphus species. This review describes pharmacological reports of the Z. jujube. Various virgin areas of investigate on the Z. jujube have been spotlighted with a sight to explore, isolate and identify the medicinally important phyto-constituents which could be utilized to alleviate diverse diseases distressing the mankind.

Law makers have now decided a derivative taxation novelty in Germany. It was unclear how the new law impacted the profitability of investments in comparison of the former taxation (T1). The purpose of the study was to find an answer to the research question: How does the derivative taxation novelty (T2) in Germany impacts the profitability of derivative hedging strategy returns in the German financial market? For this study, a comparative, quasi-experimental research design was selected. ETF and warrant prices, a simple moving average (SMA), along with a beta hedging model, and a t-test were computed. The T(2) had an significant higher effect compared to T(1), with 4-17% and a t-test with t(170) = 2.5042, p < .000. The T(2) unfolded its full potential with an investment amount of €30K, while the share of T(2) was 2% per month of the investment amount when hedging with a SMA(50) and a warrant with a omega =20 ω (leverage) strategy. Conservative retail investors that followed a low risk short warrant strategy, needed to hedge large investment positions, had a frequent hedging requirement, which generated larger losses, were affected the most by T(2). I recommended to closer verify equality for sustainable investing. The study can be relevant for law-makers, financial advisors, banks, online brokers, retail traders, finance students to learn more about the effect of T(2) on their investments.

Outcomes based education (OBE) is the highlighted trend these days in education area to manual students in their professional career and lead them to greater informed and creative. This could help them to development nicely in their working surroundings. To gain the attributes detailed for outcome based totally schooling via NBA right overview techniques are required, due to the fact assessment of the graduate attributes plays a key position in coaching gaining knowledge of system to enhance the device and to improve the overall performance of college students. This procedure will provide idea for the machine to bridge the distance among coaching and final results based totally mastering method. This paper initially lines the roots of final results-based training (OBE) and introduces key standards of implementation. It then proceeds with defining what effects are and discusses how the definition of consequences demands paradigm shift in evaluation and evaluation practices. Subsequently, the paper tackles crucial implications of sporting out the framework for the exercise and strategies of assessment and evaluation of college students‟ performance in engineering college. These implications are meshed with discussion of the four running ideas of OBE.

Bacterial infections are one cause of food borne illness. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills, and abdominal pain are common symptoms of food poisoning. Campylobacter jejuni is a diarrheal illness often accompanied by cramps and fever. Clostridium botulinum is a potentially life-threatening bacterium that produces powerful neurotoxins. Escherichia coli is a diarrheal (often bloody) illness that may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal cramps. Listeria monocytogenes causes fever, muscle aches, and diarrhea. Pregnant women, elderly individuals, infants, and those with weakened immune systems are most at risk for acquiring this infection. Salmonella causes fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Symptoms typically last between 4 and 7 days. Vibrio causes diarrhea when ingested, but it can also cause severe skin infections. Bacterial vaginosis, which causes an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in the vagina. Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges, the lining of the brain.

To detect the damage location, the acoustic emission sensor is fixed on the surface of civil GFRP tube by the external bonding method. And damage position of the GFRP Tube under static loading is studied. The acoustic emission sensor is used to receive the signal of the GFRP tube rupture under static loading, and the data is processed by using the acoustic emission damage location principle to realize the real-time display of the specific location of the damage point on the specimen. It is found that the position shown by the test data is approximately the same as the actual damage position of the GFRP tube. The test indicates that the damage position of GFRP tube under static force can be displayed in real time in three dimensions through acoustic emission technology.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a variety of virulence factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity. Dissemination of resistant and highly virulent pathogens is also the main problem worldwide. Thus this study aimed to determine the frequency of oprI, Las B and toxA virulence genes among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa species. A total of 100 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were collected from Hospitals and laboratories from different specimens during the period from August 2019 to November 2020. The isolates were re- identified using routine culture techniques, and multiplex PCR was applied to detect the presence of these virulence genes among them. It was found that the frequency of virulence genes were (22%) Las B, (55%) OprI, (15%) Tox A and (8%) mixed of OprI and Tox A. These genes were found with different percentage among the studied variables with the higher frequency among males, wound samples, except OprI were among 26-36 years age group and significantly among inpatients than out patients. The study concluded that all isolates carried either one or two of studied genes in different percentage while OprI represented the most predominant gene. Determination of different virulence genes of P. aeruginosa isolates suggests that they are associated with different levels of intrinsic virulence and pathogenicity.

Background: Enteric fever is a common public health problem in Bangladesh and it involves multiple symptoms. Enteric fever presents with variable clinical scenario. Objective: The aim of study was to evaluate the clinical spectrum of enteric fever in children. Methods: A prospective study was done in the department of Paediatrics, Sylhet Womens Medical College Hospital and Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2019 who was clinically suspected to have enteric fever and had either a positive blood culture for Salmonella or a positive Widal test. Results: This study included 133 patients out of which 71 were males and 62 were females. The majority of patients were under 5 years. The age distribution of study population in depicted and the sex distribution. The most common presenting symptoms in our study was fever (97.0%), abdominal pain (39.8%), vomiting (39.1%), diarrohea (36.1%), and the common symptom was constipation (18.8%) as depicted in table III. The most common physical findings was coated tongue (74.4%), followed by toxic look (63.9%), pallor (51.9%), abdominal distension (15.0%), abdominal tenderness (13.5%), Rose spots (14.3%), hepatomegaly (16.5%), splenomeagly (3.8%), and jaundice (4.5%) as depicted in Figure-1. Complications were present in nine patients (6.77%), Pneumonia was present in five patients (3.76%), hepatitis in three patents (2.25%) and encephalopathy in the patient (0.75%). Conclusions: Enteric fever is a common public health problem with fever as most common presenting symptom. Culture yield can be increased in enteric fever by drawing blood culture prior to administration of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone is highly efficacious as monotherapy in enteric fever.

Unani system of medicine is based on the theory of Mizaj and Akhlat which is considered as the basics of Unani therapeutics. Mizaj is defined as the admixture of four humours (Akhlat), the quantity and quality of which determines the particular Mizaj of an individual. Every individual has its own unique Mizaj (temperament), hence reacts to various internal and external stimuli viz.air, water, diet, drug, climate, emotions, body reactions etc. differently according to temperament. Hence, Mizaj plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of any disease. Since, Hypothyroidism is considered as one of the most common endocrine disorders in which patient has somnolence, fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, loss of libido, gain in weight etc. According to the classical texts of Unani Medicine, it is the concentration, quality and quantity of humours which forms the base and cause of health and disease in an individual. As per Unani doctrine, Mar’d (Disease) is caused either due to Su’ Mizaj (abnormal temperament), Su’tarkib( abnormal composition/structure) or Taffaruk Ittesal (discontinuity).This study was conducted at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, University of Kashmir ,Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir to evaluate the Mizaj (Temperament) of patients of Hypothyroidism. Out of 60 patients enrolled for the study, 52 (86.6%) were Balghami, 03 (5%) were Damwi, 05 (8.3%) were Safravi and none was of Sawdawi Mizaj. Thus, it was evident that Hypothyroidism is more common in Balghami Mizaj patients.

There are some studies that explored the effect of social media on marketing and consumer buying behavior and there is still a need to further understand this effect. However, this study aims to explore the use of social media sites and the effect of social media on the buying decision of the commercial banks’ consumers in Jordan. The sample of this study conducted with 200 consumers to understand how consumers use social media and how it affects their buying behavior of different banking products and services. The findings show that social media affect consumer buying behavior by 69%. Also, consumers mostly used Facebook and it mostly affecting consumer buying behavior by 73% and the most influential factor that affects the relationship between social media and consumer buying behavior is interactivity by 63%. The implication of these findings suggests that commercial banks in Jordan should focus on their marketing strategy and they have the opportunities to seize the power of influence of social media.

The women are deemed inappropriate to be involved in politics. It certainly detrimental to women because in fact, in terms of women’ abilities, they have same abilities as men. The research is a sociological-law research with statutory, conceptual and comparative approaches. The research was conducted in Maluku province, Indonesia. The results show that in the view of Maluku society, women are Limditi Fenreu or glorified or worshiped, but also interpreted as being held. The role of women is sufficient to show their role to be involved in development, although in a small number and not comparable to the presence of men. Even to the village government. In Maluku, representation of women in village government leadership is only around 1.5% (one-point five percent), this is very small when compared to the total number of villages in Maluku. The lack of representation is influenced by factors of strong patriarchal culture, low willingness of women as a result of their low ability and unavailability of opportunities or opportunities as a result of legal arrangements that do not provide legal certainty. Women in government leadership in Maluku are transformational leadership with a democratic government leadership style.

Space maintainers are the most commonly used appliances to preserve the spaces in primary dentition created due to untimely loss of deciduous dentition. Maintaining the lost space is of utmost importance for the developing occlusion and guidance to the succedinuos tooth as well as maintaining function and integrity of the jaw bone. The band and loop space maintainer is one of the most widely used space maintainer, however depending on the individual cases and anatomy of the supporting structures the traditional band and loop space maintainers can be modified to meet the individual requirements. This article presents case reports of modified band and loop space maintainers.

Forensic crime scene investigators need to have the basic knowledge of science, engineering and medicine fitted for legal or public argumentation. Only an experienced forensic crime scene investigator can handle such cases and to arrive a conclusion for the presentation in the legal system. Forensic engineering investigation is multi-disciplinary process for investigating and reporting the cause of engineering problems which may have legal ramifications. Building collapse becomes a major threat to the society and people lost the confident on constructors and government. The professionals involved in the construction, viz. engineers, builders and contractors are under severe scrutiny about their role and responsibilities in the collapses. The municipal and corporation authorities have been approving for building constructions such as apartments, schools, colleges and many others. Irrespective of town or villages, construction industry, sometimes has been operating in a chaotic manner due to inadequate legislative building codes or violating building codes. The causes of building collapse ranges from substandard building materials to corruption. The present crime scene case study investigated a collapsed school building forensically the causes of elementary school building collapse, led to the death of 5 children and many sustained injuries, the incident occurred in India, as investigated by the author and identified the cause. The author presented his testimony in the court of law and Honourable Judge accepted the forensic findings and the case ended with conviction.

Indian system of medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani utilize large number of medicinal plants for the treatment of various illnesses of mankind. According to WHO 80% of world population depends upon traditional system of medicine. Cissus Quadrangularis is medicinal plant belonging to Family Vitaceae, is commonly known as Veldt Grape or Devil’s Backbone. Popularly known as Hadjod (Bone setter) in Hindi. From ancient times it has been used as curative agent in various diseases particularly for bone healing, digestive aid and cure of piles. Considering its therapeutic value this review has been done to compile information of various researches done on this plant with emphasis on its potential applications in Dentistry.