Background: Thyroid dysfunction is relatively a common disease which affects people, irrespective of their age and gender. Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormones, which in turn results in a generalized slowing down of the metabolic processes. Newly diagnosed hypothyroidism has been reported to be associated with inflammation, dyslipidemia which leads to CV risk. hs-CRP is a marker of subclinical inflammation and a predictor of CVD. Vitamin D deficiency is involved in autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. Recent evidence has demonstrated an association between low vitamin D status and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare vitamin D, hs CRP levels and lipid profile with that of thyroid profile among newly diagnosed hypothyroid subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 70 subjects with the clinical features and investigative reports suggestive of hypothyroidism and newly diagnosed as hypothyroid patients in General Medicine department, Meenakshi medical college, kanchipuram, were compared with 70 healthy controls. Results: The levels of vitamin D were significantly reduced compared to controls and negatively correlate with TSH in hypothyroid cases. hs-CRP levels were significantly increased and positively correlate with TSH in hypothyroid patients. Total cholesterol and TGL levels were significantly higher compared to control group and positively correlate with TSH in hypothyroid cases but the level of HDL was significantly reduced compared to controls and negatively correlate with TSH in hypothyroid patients. Conclusion: Our results indicated that newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients become an important entity due to possible link between diagnosed hypothyroid patients and cardiovascular risk factors, especially lipid abnormalities and alteration of BMI levels. Patients with hypothyroidism suffered from hypovitaminosis D and also significant association between TSH and hs-CRP is an important finding in this study.

Halliday’s theory of modality has provided points for scholars to analyze interpersonal meaning in various types of discourse. This paper analyzes how interpersonal meaning in economic speech delivered by president Xi Jinping at session 1 of the 13th G20 Summit is achieved through modality system with the expectation of helping the addressers of economic speech to understand the right use of modality.

The research included 116 subjects who have declared that they had participated in sports, sport activities and recreation. It is a targeted sample, competent to declare their views on questions of why they practice sports and sport activities and what are the reasons (causes) for young people to quit the sport which they participated in. The results obtained on reasons for participation in sports and sport activities show that good physical shape is the primary reason, followed by health, social interaction, and friendship and making acquaintances, while a sporting career and financial benefit are by far lowest on the scale. When it comes to reasons why young people quit sports and sport activities, the majority quit because of indolence, followed by injuries, social circles, and lack of free time, pressure from overambitious parents, poor attitude of the coach, excessive exertion, and ultimately, lack of talent. When it comes to differences between attitudes on quitting sports between the sexes, occupations, smokers/non-smokers, alcohol consumers/non-consumers, and types of residential areas, the results have shown that neither the subject’s sex nor alcohol consumption have an impact on attitudes on reasons for quitting sports. Some difference was observed in level of education (high school or university student), smoking (smokers or non-smokers), and type of residential area (city, suburbs, countryside).

The furious and grave COVID-19 pandemic may look to be a serious matter as of now but along with it has entered more furious, more grave and most dangerous virus of misinformation which spreads without any control across the globe within no time and impacts the world negatively misleading each one with the differences that creates distrust towards each other and turns each of them more selfish, lonely and inhuman. Like the corona epidemic termed as pandemic; the fastest spread of misinformation, maybe termed as the misfodemic turned most dreary and scary. Unaware of the facts and its cure, the people kept loitering with the false information being surrounded with its spread and reach troubling themselves with nothing, for nothing. The power of social sites, science and technology was much required here to let truth prevail and the fake or the false to perish.

Blood is a fluid which we have in our bodies that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and also waste to be eliminated from the body. ABO and Rh blood group system is the most important system in transfusion and organ transplants. Though, many studies have been conducted in various parts of India to determine the local ABO and Rh distribution, no Indian study has so far been conducted to explore the South Indian especially Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry ABO and Rh distribution. The present study made an attempt to provide data on ABO and Rh blood group distribution across Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. A total of 25,000 subjects of college students were included in this study and ABO and Rh (D) grouping was performed on all these samples. Data on the frequency of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups was expressed in simple numbers and percentages. The present study explored Among the ABO grouping system the highest frequency of blood group was found to be group O [10023(40.09%)], followed by group B [7447(29.79%)], and group A[6393(25.57%)]. The least common blood group was AB group [1137(4.55%)]. 94.69% Rh antigen was detected and the prevalence of Rh – ve was 5.13%. Of the 25000 individuals, the most common blood group was O followed by B and A and the least blood group was AB. The present study provides information about the relative distribution of various ABO blood grouping in the Tamil nadu and Pondicherry. This vital information may be helpful in planning for future health care blood transfusion services.

The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the relationship between Competitive Advantage, Organizational Culture, and Sustainable Leadership on the successful application of the management accounting information system (MAIS). Using primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to several manufacturing companies in Bekasi, West Java. The research instrument, namely Competitive advantage, was adapted from the Porter's Diamond Model Questionnaire which consists of five indicators, Organizational culture consists of four indicators, and Sustainable Leadership consists of three indicators. Data processing uses SEM Partial Least Square. In this study Competitive advantage, organizational culture, and sustainable leadership have a positive and significant relationship to the successful implementation of MAIS.

Comparable with new scientific achievements in the field of medicine, the health care system is experiencing major structural changes that affect every segment and every profession directly or indirectly involved in the health care system. Nursing is a profession based on empathy and vocation, so as such it must adapt to modern medical and health knowledge. The development of the professional identity of nursing is a continuous process that begins with the acquisition of formal education in biomedicine, and continues to develop further through a professional career in a dynamic process in which there is an interaction of education and practical skills that ultimately leads to personal and professional growth and development.

The purpose of the study was to explore and identify the experiences of mothers raising different mentally disabled child in the Egyptian society. Thirty mothers of children with mental disabilities have been selected and interviewed. They were diagnosed as Down syndrome (10 cases), Fragile-X (10 cases) and 10 with Autism. The interviewing process included two phases; introductory, and in-depth questions about mothers’ personal experiences in raising kids with special needs. The results of the interviews showed that 90% of these mothers were literate, 63% end up divorced and 66% leaved their jobs to take care of their special needs kid. Sadness, guilt, shame and isolation were some of the feelings of mothers who participated in this research, in addition to the overwhelm of being stigmatized by the society. Findings highlighted that provision of adequate education, health care and stigma were the main issues for mothers. The study reported that Egyptians do not have the culture of the psychiatrist. Despite considerable progress in recent years, Egypt is still marked by discriminatory attitudes which affect children with disabilities and their mothers. The study concluded that despite the autistic associations programs to increase public awareness about Autism, yet fragile-X still remains poorly understood for most of the Egyptians. We discovered that mothers of children with Fra X syndrome and autistics were less optimistic than those with Down syndrome mothers. Study suggested strategies to help ease the stigmatization included providing simple information about genetic diseases that non-medical individuals can easily grasp.

Non communicable diseases like Cancer is a leading cause of death group worldwide. The reason for every sixth death in the world is cancer, making it the second leading cause of death. Curing cancer is certainly one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. In the last two decades, our knowledge of cancer and its treatment has greatly improved. This has revealed the huge variability that can be found between not only different types of cancer, but also between patients with the same type of cancer. It seems increasingly evident that there won’t be a single method to ‘cure’ rather, each patient will be treated accordingly to their specific needs. But for individualized medicine to become a reality, we need a range of therapies wide enough to cover the broad spectrum of cancer. It has been found that cancer in one person doesn’t always behave the same way in another person. Thanks to the innovative research that has fueled the newer treatment options available for cancer treatment that increases the individuals’ survival rate. New approaches to cultivate the immune system in the fight against cancer are getting us closer to a future where cancer becomes a curable disease. Targeted therapies, personalized vaccines, gene therapy, microbiome treatments and stem cell transplantation are some of the technologies that will change the way of cancer treatment.

Introduction: Dentalalveolar fractures are commonly encountered in emergency settings and dental clinics. In adult patients they can occur due to different reasons and may be accompanied by various other facial injuries. Early stabilization and fixation are necessary for treatment if such injuries. Objective: To compare the efficiency of different non rigid fixation techniques in the treatment of dentoalveolar fractures. Materials & Methods: This comparative study was carried out on 87 patients belonging to young, middle, and old age groups. The causes of these fractures were also noted. One of eight different non rigid fixation modalities namely Direct Interdental wiring, Indirect Eyelet Interdental wiring, Indirect IVY Loop Interdental wiring, Continuous Multiple Loop Wiring, Erich’s Arch Bars, Cap Splints, Gunning Splints and Pin Fixation were used for treatment in each case and complications occurring after three weeks in each treatment group were observed and compared among the groups. Results: 87 adults took part in our study. 49% of all the fractures were due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) and 25% were due to assault. 37 were treated with Erich’s Arch Bars, 14 with Direct Interdental wiring, 11 with Indirect Eyelet Interdental wiring, 10 with Indirect IVY Loop Interdental wiring, 6 with Continuous Multiple Loop Wiring, 4 with Cap Splints, 3 with Pin Fixation and 2 with Gunning Splints. All treatment methods had high success rates (normal union), which ranged from 70- 100%. Conclusion: Non rigid fixation techniques are viable methods of treatment in dentoalveolar fractures.

Adolescent is a transitional phase between childhood and adulthood characterized by marked acceleration in growth. Undernutrition is one of the major problems especially among the tribal adolescent boys and it has been least studied. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of socio-economic and demographic aspects with BMI and prevalence of thinness (low BMI for age) among the tribal adolescent boys. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 370 tribal adolescent boys, aged 10-17 years from Kharagpur Community Development Block II, West Midnapore, and West Bengal, India. Assessment of nutritional status as measured by thinness (Low BMI for age) was done following age and sex specific internationally accepted standard cut offs as proposed by Cole and others (2007). Linear regression was applied to evaluate the dependence of BMI on various socio-economic factors of the participants. The overall prevalence of thinness was 51.6%. When age specific prevalence are taken into account, the highest (63.6%) prevalence was found among the participants of the age group of 10 years, followed by age group 11 (61.9%) and lowest in case of 16 years (40.0%). 1.6% boys were overweight or obese. Fathers’ education, fathers’ and mothers’ occupation as well as family type were significant (p < 0.05) factors which influenced their BMI. These tribal adolescent boys were experiencing severe nutritional stress as evidenced by a very high prevalence of thinness. Appropriate and effective

Unsustainable agricultural practices pose a serious threat to the integrity of landscapes and availability of soil mineral nutrients to plants. The phenomenon is compounded by changing global climatic conditions. This paper examines the potential role of agroforestry in mitigating changes due to undesirable human behaviour in the once forest dominated western highlands of Cameroon. Data were elicited from existing literature on agroforestry, landscape management, forestry, and subsistence agriculture. Findings lend credence to the fact that agroforestry systems constitute a promising option for maintaining the stability of landscapes and soils that are subjected to human activity. Aside from the major systems namely agro-silviculture, silvo-pastoral, and agro-silvopastoral, there exist other agroforestry categories like aquaforestry, apiculture, and sericulture. Living fences, alley cropping, improved fallow, shelter belts, home gardens, and scattered trees on croplands were highlighted to be suitable agroforestry practices for the western highlands region of Cameroon.

The world has experienced major deadly pandemic which proved bruatual killer of various intensities such as Antonine flue in 168 AD, than Black Fever, Cholera Asian/Russian flue, HIV/AIDS. Now recently in Dec. 2019 a noval coronavirus called as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) emerged in the Wuhan City of China, and rapidly spreaded worldwide, and on March 11, 2020, World Health Organisation (WHO) decleared COVID-19 a world pandemic. As no vaccine or drug is available to eradicate the virus, and as such researchers and scientist of different countries are in the race of preparation of vaccine to eradicate this pandemic and experimenting with drugs and therapies to help ease the strain on hospitals and intensive care units. Some drugs that are indicated for other afflictions seems to be potentially beneficial to treat the infection albeit without unequivocal evidences. Thus the present article is compared with the objective to review the published literature on the effectiveness of these drugs against COVID-19 which is need of honour.

Urinary tract, gastrointestinal, and pyogenic infections are the common hospital-acquired infections caused by members of Enterobacteriaceae. Among Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli has been the most commonly isolated species. Klebsiella are very well known to exhibit multidrug resistance. β-lactamase production is perhaps the single most important mechanism of resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. E. coli &Klebsiella possess a naturally occurring chromosomally mediated β-lactamase or plasmid mediated β-lactamases. These enzymes are thought to have evolved from penicillin binding proteins. This development was likely to be because of selective pressure exerted by β-lactam producing soil organisms found in the environment. In early 1960s, TEM-1 was the first plasmid mediated β-lactamase described in Gram-negative organisms. Another common plasmid mediated β-lactamase is SHV. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), enzymes that show increased hydrolysis of oxyimino-β-lactams, which include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and aztreonam, have been reported increasingly in recent years. They belong to Ambler molecular class A and Bush–Jacoby functional group 2be. These enzymes have been identified in large numbers from different regions and are significantly detected in various E. coli &Klebsiella strains. They have also been found in other members of Enterobacteriaceae such as Citrobacter spp, Enterobacter spp, Proteus spp and non-lactose fermenters like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Today over 200 different ESBLs have been described. Major outbreak involving these resistant organisms has been reported all over the world in many members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp, resulting in limitation of therapeutic options. Current knowledge of prevalence and incidence of ESBL production by commonly isolated organism such as E. coli and Klebsiella is necessary to understand the disease burden and to take necessary action to prevent the spread. Therefore the present study was conducted with an objective to find out the prevalence of ESBL producing Klebsiella and its antimicrobial resistance profile to formulate effective antibiotic strategy and plan a proper hospital infection control strategy to prevent the spread of these strains.

Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a serious life threatening complication, resulting in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) of the fetus. The study was aimed to compare the hematological and during third trimester in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women. It is a cross-sectional study undertaken at Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College and K.C.General Hospital Bangalore. Total of 43 pregnant women of which 19 were hypertensive and 24 were normotensive mothers were considered for the study. Women who had hypertension in pregnancy after the 20 weeks of gestation, with SBP and DBP of 140 and 90 mm Hg, with or without edema and or proteinuria were included. Hematological parameter were estimated by using Sysmex XN-9100™ Automated Hematology System . The mean hemoglobin level of the hypertensive group (8.13 ± 0.5) was significantly lower than that of the normotensive group (9.68 ± 0.64) (p<0.05). The mean platelet count of the hypertensive group (164.15± 34.8) was significantly lower than that of the normotensive group (370.04± 46.3) (p<0.05). The mean lymphocytes level of hypertensive group (1.29 ± 5.6) was significantly lower than that of the normotensive group (1.93 ± 1.4) (p<0.05). The mean WBC level of hypertensive group (15.9 ± 2.09) was significantly high than normotensive group (7.8± 1.7) (p<0.05). The mean hematocrit level of hypertensive group (31.10 ± 2.55) was significantly high than normotensive group (27.6 ± 2.05) (p<0.05).Platelet count could be a suitable indicator for monitoring patients with PIH at risk of IUGR and Intra uterine death (IUD) of the fetus. Anemia may be associated with IUGR and IUD in PIH patients.