Favipiravir (FPV), a pyrazine carboxamide derivative (6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) is a broad-spectrum anti-viral drug which acts against many species of Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Togaviridae groups. According to the WHO, FPV may be a new hope for the treatment severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and for this it has undergone for a number of clinical trials. However, human hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is believed to play a key role in its physiological activation process, therefore, the patients having Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, myocardial ischemia, hyperuricemia, anemia, and phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) synthetase superactivity due to deficiency to this enzyme might be a limiting factor for the effectiveness of this drug in these types of patients.

A high incidence of lymphopenia has been reported in Covid-19 patients. The initial neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of ≥ 3.13 in Covid-19 patients predicts a high propensity of these patients to progress to critical illness. However, it has not yet been established if NLR would start to lower towards a normal ratio of 1-3 during patient’s road to recovery. This study hypothesized that NLR would start to return towards normal as patients recovered from this illness. This study included 43 patients with Covid-19 infection treated in the ICU at Khoula Hospital, Muscat from 10th May to 5th August 2020. Seven readings of NLR (NLR1 to NLR7) from the time of going on ventilator (NLR1) to discharge of patient (NLR7) from the ICU were statistically analyzed using paired ‘t’ test for patients who recovered or those who died. NLR values demonstrated a progressive fall in patients who recovered when comparison was made between NLR1 with other readings (NLR2 to NLR7). On the contrary, insignificant changes in NLR values were observed when comparison was made between NLR1 with subsequent day’s readings in patients who died while in ICU. In conclusion, this study suggests that the NLR of patients who survived showed a downward trend from its initial high values. In contrast, patients who died while in the ICU, NLR values showed little change from their basal value.

There are both historical reasons for the distortion of factor market, and it is also resulted from inadequate market-oriented reform. Based on the static model and dynamic model, this paper studies the influence of factor market distortion on carbon emission intensity in China. The results show that the more serious the factor market distortion, the higher the carbon emission intensity. This result means that to improve environmental efficiency and reduce carbon emission intensity, we can start from correcting the distortion of factor market and deepening the reform of factor market. It is also found that the energy consumption structure is one of the significant factors affecting the intensity of carbon emissions. Reducing the proportion of coal consumption in the economy will help to improve China's energy efficiency. Based on the results of this study, relevant policy recommendations are put forward.

Replacement of missing tooth with dental implants is the alternative success treatment in present days. There are many options and varieties of materials present for implant treatment .For the success of the dental implants impression making is also an important factor. Errors in impression making impression making mainly leads to improper placement of the prosthesis and leads to implant failure so selection technique of impression for that particular clinical situation is always important for dental implant success. The main aim of this review article is how to select an impression technique for particular clinical situation.

Self-Medication is an important phenomenon worldwide. In addition to its advantages, it is associated with some risk when medicines are misused or abused. Students may not have the sufficient knowledge about medications that is why the resultant side effects can be very serious. The study mainly aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of high school and university female students (Taif City, KSA) towards the use of medicines during Exams. A self-administered as well as an electronic questionnaire was used to collect responses from the students in March 2017. Total of 363 students were randomly selected and from the university and four high schools and recruited in the study. Respondents recruited with face-to-face questionnaires were 241 (66.4%), compared to 122 (33.6%) included electronically. The statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyze the study data. The study showed that about 48.5% of the female students agreed that exams affect their health status and food habits to a large extent and about 56% suffer from anxiety during exams. The most prominent health problem during exams was headache (44.3%) followed by stomach pain (27.8%) and respiratory problems (15.9%). Few students (15%) agreed that using medicines would improve their performance, while (31.4%) answered that side effects of medication negatively affected their academic performance. The most common drugs used by students during exams period were antihistamine (49%), followed by painkillers (8%), and antibiotics and medicines for chest illness (6.3%). There is a high prevalence of irresponsible self-medication among high school and university students, with observed side effects. There is a need to raise the students’ awareness about medicines at school, university and homes.

In 21st century while we still can’t perform miracles in healing to maintain health, one Elixir is coming into the limelight is Placenta Extract which will aid magic in the era of wound healing. In other words, the Placenta act as various internal organs for the embryo, that’s why it has a various medicinal effects, studies have shown magical effects of wound healing by use placentrex. A troublesome and usually unavoidable consequence of Head and Neck chemo radiation is oral mucositis which decreases patients’ compliance and negatively influences the outcome of therapy by increasing overall treatment time. Currently, no single effective recommended treatment exists for this problem and a variety of supportive care measures have been practiced with limited benefits. While many study evaluated the therapeutic benefit of Placentrex in the management of oral mucositis seen in oral cancer patients undergoing treatment with concurrent chemoradiation. Even local injection of placentrex proved to be safe, cheap and effective in oral submucous fibrosis without any significant side effects and contra indication. The effect is long lasting. So can be given in early stages of OSMF with significant results. This review focuses on the use and benefits of placentrex in dentistry.

The sugar industry is one of the earliest and most successful users of biomass for commercial energy production. Sugar cane harvesting by burning is an environmental health issue due to respiratory effects of smoke. The present study is to investigate the current situation concerning sugarcane burning as a potential cause of disease in affected individuals of households in Uitvlugt and Ogle, Guyana. A total of 50 households investigated at each study site, results showed that there were no chronically exposed households to sugarcane smoke and soot for the study site used as the control when compared to the study site at Ogle and Uitvlugt. Out of 50 a total of fifteen households investigated at parfait harmony which reported the presence of respiratory disease within their households; asthma and bronchitis was the most commonly reported. Ogle showed the least number of nine, and Uitvlugt showed the highest number of twenty three, both with asthma being the most common. Uitvlugt showed a complete total of fifty households reporting dermatological problems, they all complained of unbearable itching when exposed to the sugarcane soot. Ogle reported one incidence of this, and Recht door zee (control site) reported nil. In the case of cardiovascular problems, Uitvlugt showed the highest incidence of thirty seven, and both Ogle and Recht door zee (control site) showed five. Cancer was reported by nine households in Uitvlugt, two in Recht door zee (control site), and nil in Ogle. To conclude, there is a high prevalence of chronic exposure to sugarcane smoke and soot in Uitvlugt, and negligible prevalence of chronic exposure to sugarcane smoke and soot in Ogle. There is a high prevalence of these diseases in Uitvlugt, followed substantially less by Recht door zee (control site), and Ogle having a very small prevalence.

The introduction and development of nickel-titanium rotary instruments are undoubtedly improving the quality of Endodontics treatment. The study aimed to assess, dentist knowledge and practice of using NiTi Rotary instrumentation for the root canal treatment. Also to assess their level of success and failure when using rotary files according to the year of experience and their ability to manage procedural errors in comparison to hand instrumentations. A descriptive cross-sectional study among 167 (Endodontists and general practitioners) working in private clinics within Khartoum City, Sudan. A self-administered questionnaire including questions about the uses of NiTi, failures during treatment, and how they managed to overcome. Comparison between variables by Chi-squire test with the level of significance set at a P-value of ≤0.05. The result showed that NiTi rotary files for root canal preparation were used by 72%, with a failure rate of RCTs among 63%, and the majority 80% managed to overcome procedural errors. Crown down as a preparation technique was used by 99.2%. The most commonly used rotary system files were pro taper (83.3%). The rate of file breakage is directly related to their repeated use, before discarding them and those who managed to treat failure were those with more years of experience and endodontists rather than the general practitioners. In conclusion, the majority of dentists working within private clinics in Khartoum city, use NiTi rotary system for RCT, and years of experience was the major factor in managing the RCT failures.

When God decided to take the Hebrew people as His own, Moses was called by God to go up Mt Sinai to receive the 10 Commandments. They are the duty owed to God (No false gods; No name in vain, Keep Holy the Sabbath) and duty to self and neighbour (Honour father and mother; Do not murder; Do not commit adultery; Do not steal; Do not bear false witness; Do not covet wife; Do not covet goods.) This was the first step that God called Moses to do as He was setting up a people and their society of 12 tribes in the Holy land. That is the Divine Law. Then there is the Natural Law and Positive Law.

This article examines with some interest the essence of the phenomenon of intercultural communication -the interaction of man in the context of different cultures. It focuses on intercultural communication in perspective of two countries, China and Mali. In fact, in the current context of a world crossed by globalization and the development of the means of communication, individuals are constantly brought to meet people from different cultures.

In this research, finite elements analysis is utilized, using SAP2000, to study the effectiveness of different techniques on the seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete framed structures. The models are considered for reinforced concrete framed structures; and seismic evaluation is conducted. These models represent typical structures that were designed and constructed before and after the current Saudi Building Code, SBC-2007. The seismic evaluation was conducted using SAP2000 Program. This study focuses on performance based design of three multi-story RC framed buildings in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, subjecting them to monotonically increasing lateral forces with an invariant height wise distribution until the preset performance level (target displacement) is reached. Considering the deficiencies indicated in analysis, these buildings are redesigned by adopting retrofitting techniques such as shear wall, bracing and column strengthening. These techniques strengthen structures to reach the targeted performance level. The results indicate the effectiveness of each technique and how applicable it is to be used for seismic retrofitting of structures in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

At present, the huge shift of people’s economic concept and financial management mode propels the vigorous development of financial media. Financial news, as a special style under the news genre, is a report with regard to the latest facts and situations of economic decisions, economic activities, and economic phenomena. Undoubtedly, the quality of its translation directly influences the international communication for information, language and cultural exchange. In order to help translators obtain financial information more effectively and accurately, this article introduces the linguistic features of English financial news, which is beneficial to translate them reasonably. In addition, this article selects English news and corresponding Chinese translation texts from domestic authoritative bilingual news websites, analyzes the translation texts of English financial news under the guidance of functional translation theory. Afterwards, this article puts forward some translation strategies of English financial news from the perspective of functional translation theory, and explores the instructing role of functional translation theory in news translation at the same time. This article aims at proving the rationality and practicability of this theory, and establishing a sort of audience-oriented translation view focusing on the effect of news communication, which can provide some thoughts for the future of financial news translation practice.

The purpose of this study is to present a negotiation case for the acquisition of a land area from the Fulkaxó, indigenous people of Brazil, aiming at establishing a reserved space for families of the Fulkaxó Peoples (Fulniô/Kariri-Xocó/Xocós Ethnicgroups), in properties located in the municipalities of Neópolis and Pacatuba, State of Sergipe, according to the court decision in the case of Public Civil Action n. 0003667-09.2012.4.05.8500, in proceedings before the First Federal Court of the Judicial Section of Sergipe. The negotiation for land acquisition endured for thirteen years, completed on 18 August 2020. The research aims to provide scholars, business managers, and decision-makers with a new perspective on the negotiation process involving indigenous peoples and the Brazilian Federal Government. Case analysis and discussion compile the present work.

As reported by WHO on 18th July, there are a total of 13,876,441 and 593,087 confirmed deaths due to covid-19. About 216 countries or areas are affected with Covid-19 disease. The most probable origin of COVID-19 virus being Chinese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus Sinicus) and pangolins as the intermediate host. The outbreak of the COVID-19 viral disease is considered to be Health Emergency and has spread to different parts of the world. There is a high risk of cross-infection to occur between the dentist and the patient due to the setting of the dental clinic. During the dental procedures a large number of droplets and aerosols that are released in the environment can contaminate the clinic even during the incubation period or in case with asymptomatic patients and hence the standard cleaning techniques wont work and requires special sanitization. According to the MOH guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia, strict guidelines and protocol need to be followed for the prevention of infection and as control measures for the spread of the COVID-19 virus. As per the report of WHO on 18th July, there are a total of 13,876,441 and 593,087 confirmed deaths due to covid-19. The statistics on 4th August showed a total of 281,000 confirmed covid-19 cases in Saudi Arabia, with 244,000 people recovered from the disease and 2984 deaths in total and remaining under treatment. The survey of this study showed results that more than 90% of the dental students have good knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic and dentistry. The dental students are well aware of the protocol to be followed during the dental practices. Very few surveys are done all across the world on the present topic as this is only half a year since emergence of the COVID-19 virus.

This study looked at the challenges faced by the automobile industry in Nigeria. The study also carried out automotive assembly process performance analysis for improved productivity. The analysis was performed at an automobile plant in Nigeria. The overall number of material handling systems and kinds of material handling systems were determined. The number of automated, manual and semi-automated equipment’s used was also determined. The number of workers on the line were also determined. The labour productivity, hours per unit, organizational hour per unit, and TEEP were also determined. From the analysis, the average production volume of automobile assembly line is 256 units for every month and its average on time delivery is 80.6 %. Nine hours was the time period the workers spent every day. 163 personnel with various skill sets were involved in the plant. The size of the plant is about 550,000m2 and it housed offices, workstations, equipment’s and operators. The average hour per unit is 155 hours. The average organizational hour per unit is 148 hours i.e. it takes 148 hours to assemble the car. The total effective equipment performance is 61.89%. This result shows that the plant is still under-utilized. The study recommends that more workers should be employed and predictive maintenance practises should be used to avoid collapse of machines in the assembly plant.