Children in Nigeria experience abuse of their fundamental rights on a daily basis. The living condition of many children is deplorable. Despite the adoption of the CRA 2003 children in Nigeria suffer a lot of abuse of their rights. There is no significant improvement in the welfare and quality of lives of children in Nigeria. This work considers how realizable these rights are and if there is a conducive socio-economic environment to actualize these rights. This work examines the impact of the CRA 2003 on the rights and welfare of children in Nigeria and posits that lack of awareness of the rights of children, lack of political will by the government to implement the CRA, non-adoption of the CRA 2003 by some states, socio-economic problems like poverty, lack of basic amenities, bad governance, among others, are responsible for the poor implementation of the CRA 2003. Good governance, effective implementation of the CRA 2003, punishment of offenders, improvement of socio-economic conditions, eradication of poverty, and uniform adoption of the CRA by all states in Nigeria are some recommendations underscored by this research. This study employs the doctrinal research methodology.

This study shows the comparative analysis engineering, the physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete. The selected materials were batched by weight and volume. The water-cement ratio was opted as 0.50 1:2:4 for mix ratio was selected for the experimental investigation respectively. The specimens were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. For the purpose Slump, density and compressive strength tests were carried out. The river sand concrete showed better results and greater density and compressive strength than quarry dust concrete for all curing ages. The 28 days of curing, river sand concrete rise the required compressive strength by 36%, whereas quarry dust concrete was less than the limit compressive strength by 12%. Both river sand concrete and quarry dust concrete for the selected water/cement ratio and mix ratio has been found suitable for non-structural applications and lightly-loaded members where high strength is not a prerequisite.

In this study the simulation about force and time is built with Lagrange equation which solves the crankshaft dynamics in engine of vehicle. The force will incline as the time inclines with a certain mass of piston of 1.6Kg, 3.2Kg & 4.8Kg in engine on vehicle, meantime as the mass inclines the force will incline too from 16N and 32N to 48N with maximum value at 7E-3s at 700r/m rotation of engine. The bad force will be formed in first and then the good one will be followed at last in terms of former d2F/dt2<0 and d2F/dt2>0 respectively. But the bad force has good stability. If the mass of piston is increased the bigger force may be formed in engine.

With inclining the velocity of vehicle the cost will become low dominantly when the velocity attains 19Km/h and 26Km/h in future. With increasing time the movement, the velocity and acceleration of vehicle will become sinusoidal wave. When the crank length increases from 70mm to 100mm under linkage length L=180mm the maximum movement, velocity and acceleration will increase and the minimum ones will increase. The phase angle will decline with inclining speed with sinusoidal wave but the size of them maintains unchanged respectively. So it is chosen of the short crank and long linkage so as to maintain maximum force. To be rapid work the speed is needed highly.

The main role of any Customs Union is to facilitate trade through three main pillars: the simplification and harmonization of Customs procedures, the faster release of goods, and the reduction of trade costs through the elimination of tariffs and non-tariffs barrier to trade. However, this is not the case within the CEMAC Customs union as the importation, exportation and the transits of goods is hampered by tariffs and non-tariffs barriers, costly and time consuming border procedures, coupled with excessive physical and documentary control, regulatory requirements that leads to excessive delays at the inland and border offices. The present situation has not created an enabling business environment for trade facilitation within the CEMAC sub-region. The relevance of this article is to examine the extent to which the adoption of the relevant international standards of the International Convention on the harmonization and simplification of Customs procedures, otherwise known as the Kyoto Convention, by the CEMAC Customs Union can create an enabling business environment within the CEMAC sub-region. In order to attain the above objectives, we employed doctrinal and analytical research methodology. From our findings, we therefore, recommend among others that the effective implementation of World Custom Organization regulations within the CEMAC Custom Union will depend largely on the political will of decision makers and capacity building of customs administrators and personnel. This paper therefore, conclude with a number of recommendations which if effectively implemented and enforced, will go a long way to improve on the regulatory frameworks of the World Customs Organization within the CEMAC Custom Union.

In an effort to implement expansion of access to early childhood education, various policies have been issued by the government ranging from the statutory system to matters of a technical operational nature. One of the government policies in the education sector that supports lifelong education is the recognition of Early Childhood Education (PAUD). So far, the management of non-formal PAUD is still less professional, especially for the coaches or teachers, so that teachers who have the competence and certification are urgently needed as teachers of non-formal PAUD. This study aims to reveal the implementation of a child-friendly Child Care Park (TPA). The research method used is qualitative research (Qualitative Research) with a naturalistic phenomenological approach. This is expected to be a solution to gain a deep understanding of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the meaning of phenomena that occur in the field.

The study of the topic aims to clarify some theoretical issues about drugs and drug trading, the contents of current legal regulations on drug trading conditions, and practical application in Dong Nai province. On that basis, we can see the problems and shortcomings of the current law and propose a number of solutions to improve and improve the effectiveness of the application of the law on drug trading conditions in Vietnam in general and Dong Nai province in particular. To achieve that goal, this study focuses on the following contents: Analyzing the practice of drug trading in Dong Nai province, on that basis pointing out the limitations and shortcomings in the implementation of the law on drug trading lawsuits; analyzing the current legal status of drug trading conditions to point out inadequacies in the provisions of the law on the stated issue; provides a number of orientations, specific solutions, and recommendations to improve and improve the effectiveness of the application of the law on drug trading conditions.

COVID-19 and malaria share similar pathogenic pathways with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as a central initiator of signals to stimulate host cellular responses which in some instances result in multi-organ affectation. These signaling proteins are either upregulated or downregulated with the consequences of provoking immune responses with varying tissue damages. The similarities in clinical presentations, associated complications and therapeutic responses to the repurposed medications (anti-malarial drugs being used as anti-viral molecules) for the treatment of the novel disease COVID-19 have stimulated enormous interest in the recent past. The major objectives in this regard are to define the association between these two disease entities and possibly unveil options for interventions. This paper therefore aims at reviewing the molecular interactions which these diseases possibly share in their pathogenesis and phenotypic expressions and make projections for future interventions.

Background: Diagnosis of bloodstream infections in newborns is difficult due to a wide range of symptoms. Empirical therapy guided by a knowledge of the causative agents and their local antibiotic susceptibility profile is a crucial step in improving therapeutic results. As a result, we planned to investigate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal sepsis. This was to compare the efficacy of a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin against 3rd generation cephalosporins for empirical antibiotic treatment of neonatal sepsis. Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted over one and a half years.The period of study was from January 2019 to June 2020 in the Department of Paediatrics and Microbiology of a tertiary care Teaching hospital, Hydrabad. Blood culture samples of neonates suspected of having EOS or LOS were sent to the Microbiology department where they were inoculated into BACTEC TM Peds plus/F which was then inserted into the BD BACTEC fluorescent series instrument for incubation. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by disc diffusion as per CLSI guidelines. Zone sizes were measured and interpreted by BD PHOENIX AUTOMATED AST machine according to CLSI standards 2016. Results: 402 neonates were admitted to the neonatal unit of our hospital with suspected sepsis between January 2021 to June 2021. Out of which parents of 372 neonates consented to take part in the study. Out of which 196 were male and 176 were female neonates. Bacteria were isolated from 195 samples and 177 samples were negative out of listed 72 neonates. These 195 neonates were enrolled as cases in the study. Out of 195 cases, 75 cases were inborn and 120 were outborn. The blood culture isolation rate was 33.2 % and 56.5% in inborn and outborn respectively. There were 105 males and 90 females in the study. The culture positivity rate was 52.4%. Bacteria were isolated from 41 samples of suspected EOS neonates with a positivity rate of 33.8% and 154 samples of suspected LOS with a positivity rate of 34.5%. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the 107 cases and gram-negative bacteria were grown in 88 cases. The most common isolate was Staphylococcus aureus in 59(30.26%) followed by non- fermenters in 45(23.08%) cases. Conclusion: The prevalent pattern of causative etiological agents and their sensitivity pattern is critical because it aids in the selection of particular and effective antibiotic(s) for the index case's therapy. It also aids in the development of an institutional strategy for the selection of antibiotics for newborns admitted with suspected sepsis at the time of admission. This helps to avoid antibiotic abuse and the development of antibiotic resistance.

Introduction: Female stress urinary incontinence is a common affection that affects women in the general population. It can be improved by non-invasive medical techniques. Aims: To determine the value of perineal rehabilitation in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence through the experience of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation CHU Med VI of Marrakech. Patients and methods: This is a prospective, monocentric study that included 10 patients with stress urinary incontinence. They benefited from a multimodal rehabilitation protocol carried out in a minimum of 10 sessions. Results: The muscle tone of the pubococcygeal bundles of the elevator muscles of the anus was significantly improved after rehabilitation. The improvement in tone was correlated with the reduction in the frequency of leaks. The subjective satisfaction rate reached 80%. Conclusion: Perineal rehabilitation appears from the experience of our department to be effective for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. It should be offered as a first-line option.

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the general population at different levels. In the context “prevention is better than cure” certain norms has been implemented by the government like maintaining social distancing and wearing masks. In this pandemic, individuals are facing numerous issues due to minimal availability to physical health and dental care. The solution to this problem of physical unavailability is telemedicine and teledentistry. Teledentistry is a means of virtual communication between patients and consultants which must be incorporated in general healthcare and dental care systems. Though with numerous advantages, this technology also posseses some disadvantages. Proper knowledge and application of this technology should be understood by the healthcare workers for it’s suitable implementation. If not fully replace, at least teledentistry can complement the existing compromised dental system during the current pandemic.

The objective of this study was to investigate the cost and return structures of white jute seed cultivation in Bangladesh. This study was conducted in two locations in three consecutive years 2013-15). The sample included 120 farmers selected using a purposive sampling method, consisting of 60 from each district. Sample size was same for three years. Survey questionnaires were used as the main instrument for data collection. Descriptive statistics and cost and return analysis were used for data analysis. The results indicate that the cost of production (99175 tkha-1) and output (123502 tkha-1) was higher in Tangail than Manikganj. Lowest cost of production (80252 tkha-1) was recorded in 2013 in Manikganj and maximum (102470 tkha-1) in 2014 in Tangail. Average BCR of white jute seed production of two locations was 1.25. Cost of production varies year to year and place to place due to variation in land rent value, labour wages, land preparation cost etc. This result indicates that profitability of jute seed production is almost same in two zones and by product yield is also important in case of white jute seed production.

Non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis is a rare condition. Constitutional thrombophilia, alone or with other risk factors, predisposes to splanchnic thrombosis. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations are associated with vascular diseases. We report an observation of a 48-year-old patient who was diagnosed with MTHFR mutation during the etiological workup of a mesenteric venous thrombosis.

Background: GDM is a high risk factor in pregnancy & is associated with an increased risk of complications for both mother & baby during pregnancy as well as in postpartum periods. Screening & identifying these high risk women is important to improve short & long term maternal & fetal outcomes. Objective: To determine the fetal & maternal outcome and complications in pt presenting with GDM. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Jalalabad Ragib Rabeya Medical College Hospital, from June, 2018 to November, 2019. One hundren women who are diagnosed to have GDM were included in this study. Results: Complication of the maternal outcome during antenatal periods that 32(32.0%) patients had H/O GDM, 19(19.0%) had preterm delivery, 19(19.0%) had postpartum UTI, 18(18.0%) had pre-celapmsia, 16(16.0%) had UTI, 14(14.0%) had vulvovaginitis, 13(13.0%) had cervical tear, 12(12.0%) had polyhydramnios, 11(11.0%) had PROM and 11(11.0%) had postpartum hemorrhage. Complication of the fetus outcome during antenatal period showed that 19(19.0%) babies were NICU admission followed by 12(12.0%) had hyperbilirubinemia, 8(8.0%) had neonatal hypoglycaemia, 6(6.0%) had respiratory distress infection, 6(6.0%) had congenital anomalies, 5(5.0%) had prematurity, 5(5.0%) had polycythemia and 4(4.0%) had birth asphyxia. Conclusion: Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality is increased in women with GDM. Infections, preterm delivery, postpartum UTI, pre-celapmsia, UTI, vulvovaginitis, cervical tear, polyhydramnios, PROM and postpartum hemorrhage were the common maternal complications. Fetal complications include NICU admission, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress infection, congenital anomalies, prematurity, polycythemia and birth asphyxia most common cause.

Muscle mass loss or Sarcopenia is an important clinical problem that impacts every older population. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of planned exercise program on muscle mass and related selected variables. Total 40 elderly aged males (Experimental = 20, Control = 20) with the age ranging between 60-70 years were taken as subject. Age, height and weight were taken as personal data. Strength, flexibility, endurance and agility considered as physical functional fitness, BMI, chest, biceps (Relaxed and flexed), gluteus, thigh and calf circumference considered as anthropometric variable and percentage of muscle mass and myoglobin concentration considered as muscle mass component. Subjects were involved in 12 weeks, 65 minutes session (Warm up = 10 min, Training session = 45 min, cooling down = 10 min), 4 days/week planned multicomponent training protocol to fulfil the purpose of research work. The analysis and interpretation of the data was done by calculating mean, SD and paired sample t test. Result revealed significant improvement in physical functioning variables while anthropometric and muscle mass component variables remained unchanged. From this study it was understood that only 12 weeks training programme was not sufficient to develop quantitative parameters like selected circumference, muscle mass and myoglobin concentration but it was sufficient to develop physical functioning parameters which may influence muscle health and healthy lifestyle.