Scientific literacy is the ability to understand, communicate and apply the ability of science to solve problems so that it can draw conclusions based on facts and data in making decisions from changes that occur due to human activities. Strengthening scientific literacy skills in addition to requiring student motivation, teachers also need to consider learning strategies that are in accordance with the current conditions of technological development and the potential of students which in the learning process can provide direct experience. The importance of scientific literacy in learning in schools, especially in the field of science requires teachers to develop learning modules that are in accordance with their goals, namely strengthening the scientific literacy of junior high school students in which there are several QR-Codes that can be scanned via an Android cellphone, because the module is a related part. directly with students and is generally used as the main guide for teachers and students in the learning process. This study aims to evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the science learning module on environmental pollution topics to strengthen the scientific literacy of junior high school students. The research method used is the development of Tessmer which includes 1) self evaluation, 2) expert review, 3) one to one evaluation, 4) small group evaluation and 5) field test. Learning tools developed are modules. The research was conducted in class VII SMPN 1 Martapura. The research subjects consisted of 3 expert teams, 3 students of class VII B on the individual test, 6 students of class VII F on the small group test and 28 students of class VII G on the field test. The results showed that 1) the validity of learning tools based on experts was declared very valid, the level of readability of the module was stated to be very practical, 2) the practicality of the learning tools based on the implementation of the students 'modules was stated to be very practical, and 3) the effectiveness of learning devices based on students' achievement in learning outcomes, Characteristic behavior, skills and students' responses were stated positively.

The PISA report illustrates Indonesia's ranking in terms of critical thinking among students is still below the average of other countries from year to year. Critical thinking skills are very important skills that are trained in students to be able to compete in various fields. The success of achieving the learning objectives lies in the ability of the teacher to carry out the learning process and the success of the learning process lies in the learning device as a standard so it is necessary to develop the learning device. The purpose of this study is to produce learning tools that train critical thinking skills of junior high school students on plant structure material and their use in technology using a guided discovery learning model that is valid, practical and effective. This study uses the Tessmer model, which consists of: 1) self evaluation; 2) expert review; 3) one-to-one; 4) small group; 5) field tests and products produced in the form of complete learning tools, namely: syllabus, teaching materials, student worksheets, student critical thinking skills assessment sheet, teacher activity evaluation sheet, student activity evaluation sheet. The subjects of the study were 8th grade students at SMPN 1 Angsana. The results of this study indicate that the device passed the test based on validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Another finding is that students are considered capable of being at a good level of critical thinking.

Background: Coronary arteries and their variation in branching patterns have a significant role in cardiac deaths in recent years. Aim: To study the branching patterns of the human coronary arteries and their clinical importance. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 Human heart specimens were collected from the Department of anatomy, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal to study the branching patterns of human coronary arteries and their clinical importance. The variations in branching patterns like Trifurcation, Quadrifurcation of the coronary arteries were noted in the present study. Results: The termination of left coronary artery showed a branching pattern as bifurcation in 29 (72.5%) specimens, Trifurcation in 6(15%), Quadrifurcation in 5(12.5%) out of 40 specimens in our study. We observed 28% of the variations in branching patterns of left coronary artery, whereas right coronary artery branching pattern was normal in the present study. Conclusion: Various branching patterns of coronary arteries should be acknowledged during the catheterization for coronary angiography.

Construction safety audit is a prescribed course of action for assessing accident prospective and safety performance in the prerequisite of new construction schemes, the development and rehabilitation of existing structures and in maintenance of building structures. The main objective of this study is the identification of accident prone areas on the project site from First Investigation Report (FIR), to study the effect on development of statistical connection between accident rates and various factors that causing accidents. The scope of the study is to reduce accidents on construction site and its surroundings, reducing severity of accidents so as the necessity for costly remedial work is reduced. The aspect of safety is taken on low priority basis throughout the execution of construction projects in India. The area selected for the study is Chennai, a metropolitan and capital of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and one of the 28 states of India. The accident analysis is prepared from five years statistics. Various types of labours and staffs are interviewed accordingly in order to get the clear depiction of site accidents with the personal measure which is the ultimate goal of this research paper.

In the Lubumbashi plain, the dominant soils are acidic Ferralsol that contain small amount of available phosphorus and nitrogen. The organic matter content is also limited. This study evaluated the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on root colonization in Phaseolus beans growth performance and yield. Three soils with a pH 5.8; 6.2 and 6.5 respectively were included. We also studied the effect of increasing doses of P2O5 in beans by providing 25kg of P2O5/ha, 50kg P2O5 ha-1 in combination with AMF inoculation. The results show a high frequency of colonization at a pH of 5.8 (69%); a plant height of 56 to 58 cm with 10 leaves and 6 pods per plant for a yield of 2095kg ha-1. However, above pH 6.2, root colonization is low (31 to 61%) and plant height ranges from 27 to 39 cm with 4 to 6 pods for a yield between 631 and 1479 kg ha-1. The effect on plant response of 25kg P2O5 ha-1 in combination with AMF inoculation was statistically significant for all measured parameters. Finally, this study compared the efficacy of inoculum produced on three different way on colonisation efficiency of beans. Inoculum produced by using Plantago lanceolata as host species contained more spores and resulted in better-colonized roots compared to inoculum coming from Sorghum vulgare or clay inoculum.

Industrial actions are all forms of work dissatisfaction that can manifest in several ways like absenteeism, strike, high labour turnover among others. This has posed a lot of threats to all sectors of the economy and affected Nigeria society socially, economically and politically. Two theoretical postulations were used to investigate the perceived causes and effects of industrial actions in South West Nigeria. Survey research which involved 400 respondents from four randomly selected local governments was employed in the study. Data, which were sourced from both primary and secondary sources, were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. From the findings, the respondents revealed that hike petroleum price (85.3%), poor working conditions (66.3%), labour union interest (72.6%), members’ welfare (64.2%) and failure of management to keep to agreement (73.7%) were some of the factors responsible for industrial actions in Nigeria. Also, the respondents confirmed that undeveloped economy (70.6%), political stability (53.7%), development of entrepreneurial skills (66.3%), improved government administrative efficiency (70.5%), brain drain (80%), and increased poverty (60%) were the perceived outcomes of industrial actions on Nigeria political economy. On the efficacy of strike actions, respondents affirmed that labour union objectives are usually attained during strike (64.2%), and there were increases on wage labour (65.3%). Based on the findings, strike favours the workers, and negatively affects the nation and government in the long run. Thus, it was recommended that, there is need for stable labour-management relations between the government, industries and employees that will enhance a good bargaining environment. Also, there is need to improve on minimum wage policy of the government for the employees so as to improve the welfare of the employees and reduce the incidences of strike actions.

Self-esteem is the basic human need or motivation. American psychologist Abraham Maslow for example included self-esteem in his hierarchy of needs for respect from others and inner self esteem. Respect from others entail recognition, acceptance, status and appreciation and was believed to be more fragile and easily lost than inner self esteem. According to Maslow, without the fulfillment of the self-esteem need, individuals will be driven to seek it and unable to grow and obtain self-esteem. The purpose of the study was to analyze the self-esteem between men and women physical education professionals. 17 women and 17 men undergoing Master of Physical Education students from Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu were selected as subjects for the study at random. Self-esteem was measured by Self Esteem Inventory Scale by Dr. S. Karunanidhi (1996). The multidimensional questionnaire consists of 83 key items in the form of statements. It has both positive and negative items. The inventory measures six dimensions of self-esteem such as Competency, Global self-esteem, Moral and Self-control, Social esteem, Family self-esteem and Body and physical appearance. The data collected were statistically analyzed by using ‘t’ test to find out the significant difference between men and women physical education professionals on their self-esteem. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05. The result showed that men scored in global self-esteem and social self-esteem than women. No significant difference was found in Competency, Moral and Self-control Family self-esteem and Body and physical appearance between men and women physical education professionals.

The present inquiry was aimed at studying the job stress and its stressors during COVID – 19 pandemic among teaching and non-teaching employees working in constituent colleges of L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, India. For the present study total sample consisted of one hundred fifty employees (N=150) comprising teaching (n=75) and non-teaching (n=75) which were selected by contacting online on mobile, whats App, facebook and Google mail during COVID – 19 pandemic. Data collected through questionnaire schedules using Occupational Stress Index (OSI) developed by Singh and Srivastava (1981). Having collected the data on each item of the index, data were tabulated according to procedures and norms of the OSI for giving statistical treatment. Results revealed the fact that significant difference have been found in terms of total occupational stress between the group of teaching and non-teaching employees during pandemic, whereas, seven dimensions / stressors of occupational stress out of twelve, namely, Role overload, Role ambiguity, Role conflict, Unreasonable group and political pressure, Responsibility for persons, Under participation and Strenuous working conditions have also been emerged as the predictors of occupational stress between the group of teaching and non-teaching employees during COVID – 19 pandemic. It is interestingly to note that non-teaching employees were found more prone to job stress during COVID – 19 pandemic than the teaching employees while working in constituent colleges of LNMU. The discrepancy of results obtained has been discussed in detail by highlighting the probable reasons.

In view of the timeliness and accuracy of traditional state recognition algorithms, this paper proposes an improvement measure for foreground segmentation and target recognition. Foreground segmentation is to model the background information in the scene before recognizing the image, to separate the foreground target from the scene, at the same time to reduce the impact of noise, shadow and other environmental changes as much as possible, and then segment the target through a sliding window strategy. Target recognition is improved with reference to the PRN network and anchorboxes mechanism, and a more advanced clustering k-means++ algorithm is applied. The method has low error rate, high signal-to-noise ratio and fast processing speed. Finally, the proposed improved algorithm is applied to device status recognition, which shows the advanced nature of the algorithm.

Brief Background: Dentistry is facing its darkest hour yet, with the growth and spread of the Coronavirus pandemic. Dental surgeons are at the highest risk of contracting and transmitting the Coronavirus, alongside paramedics, nurses, and other healthcare workers. Dental clinics across the country were shut for over two months. With the pandemic still on the growth curve, there is no hope of revival anytime soon, compounded by zero earnings by dental practitioners and staff at clinics. To our knowledge, no study addresses the dentist’s perspective in such testing times, where they are entirely restricted to the confines of their homes. Aim: To assess the effects of COVID-19 and the lockdown on Indian Dentists and their practice. Materials and Methods: A self-designed online exploratory questionnaire of 18 questions was distributed to 400 potential responders. This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey questionnaire among dentists of Maharashtra in India. Dentists were enquired for demographics, experience, education and questions based on the current scenario and was used to give results among the study population. Results and Discussion: Out of the Four hundred dentists who were approached, a total of Two hundred and twenty subjects returned the questionnaire. 38.2% dentists' clinics were open but seeing lower patient volume than usual and 31.8% dentists were closed but seeing emergency patients. Also 28.2% dentists were closed and not seeing any patients. All the dentists replied in affirmative when asked if the virus and lockdown affected their practice. 69.1% dentists did attend to patients on emergency basis and the same percentage of dentists practiced teledentistry. 68.2% dentists were facing problems with their rents, wages and payments related to their practice. 80.9% of dentists were prepared to reopen their practice and 53.6% of dentists were planning to increase the treatment charges. 31.5% of dentists had a stock of PPE which would last those 1-6 days and 25% had a stock lasting them more than a month. 47.3% were highly concerned regarding the risk of transmission of Covid-19 to themselves, their team and the patients. Summary and Conclusion: With the recent claims the Covid-19 is here to stay for a while, it is essential that dentists must be fully prepared before providing services and must attain proper awareness to limit the disease spread.

Natural fibers obtained from plants or animals. Okra fiber is one of the source of natural fibres, which comes from okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus). Okra fiber is eco-friendly, biodegradable, available, and cost effective materials. The properties of okra fiber are changed with different harvesting time. This work studied to determine the physico-mechanical and thermal properties using Stelometer, Fibre fineness analysis system, Photovolt meter, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different age of okra fibres. The results showed that strength (gm/tex) 30.78, fineness (μm) 40.50, whiteness or color (%) 48.40 of four-month okra fiber and the six-month okra fiber strength (gm/tex) 31.98, fineness (μm) 56.12, whiteness or color (%) 43.56. FTIR assessment of the okra fiber reveals the presence of functional group. Thermally stability of six-month sample is good compare to the four-month okra fiber. The okra bast fibre is an important unconventional source of fibres, which could be, characterized for their use in blending yarn, reinforcing materials and diversified products.

This review article describes about the various surface treatments or modifications of the dental implants. Previously dental clinicians believe that osteogenic cells did not responds to the changes in the Nano structure of the dental implant surface but recent studies have shown that Osteogenic cells responds to the surface modifications or various surface modifications1. This review article describes about the Titanium dioxide Nano tube arrangement, functional peptide coatings, fluoride treatment, calcium phosphorus application, UV photo functionalization. Various studies have shown that these surface treatments increase the dental implant survival rate to 95%.

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is rare. The diagnosis might be difficult because of its ability to masquerade as other periocular lesions. This paper reports a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid in a 70-year-old man. The tumor was excised and histopathological examination revealed the characteristic features of sebaceous carcinoma.

The present research endeavor was aimed at studying the perceived life satisfaction and social support of aged men and women during COVID – 19 outbreaks with special reference to New Delhi, India. For the present piece of research work total sample one hundred sixty (N=160) comprising aged women (n=80) and aged men (n=80) randomly selected from different locality of New Delhi. Subjects’ age were ranged between 60–75 years. Data collected door to door by maintaining social distance through questionnaires schedules individually from aged women and men during COVID–19 outbreaks. During the data collection respondents were taken in to confidence and assured them that responses provided by them on the items of questionnaire schedules will be kept strictly confidential. Having tabulated and analyzed the data, results revealed the fact that there is high significant difference between the group of aged men and women towards their degree of perceived life satisfaction which has been statistically found significant at .01 level of confidence, although, aged women were found more prone to higher degree of life satisfaction than men during the novel COVID–19 outbreaks. Moreover, aged women have shown higher degree of social support than aged men, hence, significant difference have also been found between the group of aged men and women at .01 level of confidence towards their life satisfaction. The discrepancies of results obtained have been discussed in detail by giving probable reasons.

Background: The Posterior capsule rupture is one of the most serious intra-operative cataract surgery complication that affect the success of Cataract operation and its outcome, results in relation to visual outcome and the quality of life to the patients. Objectives: 1) To identify our rate of Posterior capsule rupture. 2) To figure out possible related risk factors. Type of study: A retrospective study of all Cataract surgeries done in 2016 in Shaheed Dr. Aso teaching Eye specialty hospital, which is the only and main eye hospital in Sulaimaniya city, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Statistical Analysis: Statistical Package of Social Sciences 24 (SPSS-24). Patients and Methods: A retrospective study done on the file data of 1057 files(eyes/patients) underwent cataract surgeries either by phacoemulsification, extra-capsular cataract extraction or small incision cataract surgery at 2016, all useful information and details from the files were taken and analyzed. Inclusion Criteria: All good documentation files of cataract surgeries taken, regardless of cataract maturity classification as immature, mature and hypermature and regardless of surgeries done by hands of specialist, or training surgeons under supervision of seniors and regardless of types of machines of phacoemulsification, 1057 files taken. Exclusion Criteria: Vague or defective and in adequate information and documentation files were excluded, we exclude eight files only. Results: The rate of Posterior Capsular Rupture was 58 (5.4%) eyes in all cataract surgeries, 1057 eyes, that done by hands of highly qualified specialists or supervising the training resident surgeons, of those 58 eyes, 32 eyes ends with primary intraocular lens implantation, 16 eyes with secondary intraocular lens implantation and 10 eyes left as Aphakia. Risk stratification done by data available preoperatively, the maturity of cataract in which hypermature cataract had (22.2%), (95% CI 1.17 to 16.98; OR: 5.40) and P>0.001 risk for Posterior capsular rupture, and type of surgery in which ECCE had 6.9% risk factor (95% CI 1.03 to 3.13; OR 1.80), P> 0.036. Conclusion: Although Posterior capsular rupture in the average but it’s still significant.