Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major neurodevelopmental disorder, presently estimated to affect approximately 1 in 500 children. As a clinical diagnosis, the etiology of the syndrome varies and is often unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern and the contributing factors of CP among Libyans children. This was a descriptive hospital-based study conducted over a period of six years in ALBYDA Central Hospital – LIBYA. One hundred and eight patients of CP were enrolled, of whom 70 (65%) were males and 38 (35%) were females. Spastic quadriplegic CP was the most common type and epilepsy was the most problem associated with CP. Birth asphyxia, prematurity neonatal meningitis, kernicterus and brain malformation were the main contributing factors.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a condition when a woman has three or more consecutive pregnancy loss. A loss of pregnancy is described as a clinically recognized pregnancy that ends involuntarily before 20 weeks. Most complications in pregnancy arise from chromosomal, or genetic, defects and are spontaneous occurrences. The main aim of this research is to find out the risk factors associated with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL). Also, the specific objectives of the study are; to recognize the probable remedial targets to detect the origin of the pregnancy losses, and to provide necessary recommendations regarding organized care for couples with RPL. A descriptive study was conducted for 1 year from July 2014 to June 2015, to find out the cause and consequences of recurrent pregnancy loss. Factors, such as age, environmental and occupational exposure, psychological pressure, chronic endometritis, genetic factors, smoking, thrombophilia screening, uterine imperfections, were some of the risks for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Multiple miscarriages can create noteworthy negative mental pressure for couples, and that is why numerous studies are being conducted to improve medicines and reduce the time expected to accomplish an effective and full-term pregnancy. Patients with RPL need to consult with fertility specialists about appropriate exams to clarify the risk factors and treatments to improve the outcomes of pregnancy.

Aim: To determine Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) about Diabetic Retinopathy in diagnosed Diabetic patients at outpatient department of district head quarter hospital Sahiwal Pakistan. Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects eyes. It is caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina). The longer you have diabetes and the less controlled your blood sugar is, the more likely you are to develop this eye complication. Methodology: This was hospital based, descriptive, cross sectional study. A written informed consent was taken from the all patients to take part in this study. Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences SPSS version 24. Results: In this study 72 patients were included out of which 30 (41.7%) were male and 42 (58.3%) were female. Out of these 72, majority 42 (58.3%) patients had no knowledge about diabetes and only 30 (41.7%) patients had good knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: In this study, knowledge about diabetic retinopathy was not as satisfactory. Knowledge about Diabetic retinopathy was even lower than diabetes. Results for practices were totally different from knowledge. Practices for controlling diabetes regarding diet was good but regarding exercise showed poor results.

Background: Hypothyroidism in the simplest terms can be defined as deficient production of thyroid hormone. Primary hypothyroidism indicates decreased secretion of thyroid hormone by factors affecting the thyroid gland itself. A decrease in serum concentrations of thyroid hormone causes an increased secretion of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), thus resulting in elevated serum TSH concentration [1-4]. Even though, classical texts of Unani Medicine does not have mention of Hypothyroidism,but the clinical features of Hypothyroidism resemble with the Alamat–wa- awarizat (clinical features) of su'- mizaj barid /su'- mizaj balghami (impaired cold temperament/impaired phelgematic temperament) . In this context, a hypothesis was drawn that su'- mizaj barid /su'- mizaj balghami (impaired cold temperament/impaired phelgematic temperament) may be interpreted with the clinical features of hypothyroidism using modern scientific parameters.

Infection with the SARS-Cov-2 virus induces an unusual pre-thrombotic state, of multifactorial origin, responsible for a high incidence of venous thromboembolic events but also of arterial thromboses which have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients. Knowledge of the mechanisms of thrombosis formation has improved significantly since the onset of the pandemic pending appropriate protocols for preventive and curative anticoagulant therapy during COVID 19, emerging from randomized controlled clinical trials. We report the case of a young patient hospitalized with a moderate form of COVID 19 who presented with pulmonary embolism and acute ischemic stroke related to internal carotid thrombosis.

Aim: To study the complications and visual impairment in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Method: A prospective hospital-based study was carried out in 100 VKC patients over a period of 2 years. All patients suffering from VKC irrespective of age and gender were included while patients suffering from ocular infections and ocular trauma were excluded from the study. Ocular complaints, duration of symptoms and previous treatment taken. The ocular examination included visual acuity, slit lamp examination, IOP and refraction. Results: Corneal complications were noted in 21% of cases followed by lids in 18% of cases. Corneal complications such as superficial scarring was noted in 11% followed by micropannus in 4%, pseudogerontoxon in 3% and shield ulcer in 2% and keratoconus in 1%. the corneal involvement was seen in 5.5% in palpebral form, 23.53% in bulbar, and 48.2% in mixed pattern of VKC. Thus, it is concluded that maximum corneal involvement is observed in mixed clinical pattern of VKC. Majority of cases (82%) had visual acuity ranging from 6/6 to 6/9 in right eye as well as left eye. Visual acuity in the form of counting fingers was present in 4 cases. Out of 100 cases, 55% cases showed refractive errors in the form of astigmatism, myopia and hypermetropia. Astigmatism was found to be commonest refractive error. In our study we observed steroid induced glaucoma in 1% of cases. Conclusion: VKC is of more concern due to involvement of cornea and its complications like, shield ulcers, superficial corneal scarring, keratoconus, astigmatism, mechanical ptosis. Steroid induced glaucoma although rare but is a serious complication. Visual acuity is affected mainly due to corneal involvement leading to astigmatism, scarring and keratoconus.

Majority of the population has become obsessed to find a magical lantern for an enduring youth and health and searching for ways to restore it using Botox and Fillers. Their perspective view directed toward the cosmetic aspect of dermal fillers and Botox with ignorance to the primary purpose of inventing such materials which is the therapeutic properties. A qualitative review of the literature is conducted to addresses a gap in the literature regarding both Botox and Fillers to record their types, mechanism of action, uses, Complication and side effects.

2-Hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone salicyloyl hydrazone and its Cr (III), Mn(III), Fe(III) and VO(IV) metal complexes were synthesized. Elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic moments, electronic, 1H NMR, mass, IR, ESR spectra and thermal studies (TGA & DTA) were applied for characterization. The complexes are coloured solids, air stable, non-hygroscopic and soluble in DMF and DMSO only. IR spectral studies reveal that ligand act as tribasic tetradentate (ONOO) (enol form) donor towards Cr(III), Mn(III) and Fe(III) and dibasic tridentate (ONO) (keto form) donor towards VO(IV) complex. The molar conductivity data of the complex show them to be non-electrolyte. Magnetic susceptibility measurements favour octahedral coordination for Cr (III) and Fe(III) and square pyramidal coordination for Mn(III) and VO(IV). The complexes were treated for TGA and DTA studies. Thermo-kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea), order of reaction (n), entropy change (∆S), free energy change (∆F) and apparent entropy change (S*) have been calculated on the basis of TG curve by using the Freeman-Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth methods. ESR spectra of vanadyl complex are recorded and discussed. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its metal complexes were also examined by well diffusion method.

Sine sweeps proves to be a reliable tool for measuring impulse responses even in noisy conditions or by using loudspeakers which are not linear. In this paper we present some results regarding an enhanced sine sweep method, used for impulse response measurement, based on the use of adaptive filtering. Using MATLAB, the conditions of a real case scenario impulse response measurement are simulated in order to quantify the performances of the proposed method by using as reference the performances of the classical sine sweep method.

This study aims to find out the concept of Child-Friendly Schools (SRA) in the perspective of Islamic education. This research uses qualitative descriptive method with case study design in Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah An-Nizhomiyah and Madrasah Tsanawiyah Depok City. Data collection is obtained from the results of several relevant review literature, interviews, documentation and observations. Data is analyzed using data reduction, followed by presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study stated that the child-friendly school education system implemented in madrasah Ibtidaiyyah An-Nizhomiyah and Madrasah Tsanawiyah Depok city is in accordance with the concept of Islamic education. With the implementation of Child-Friendly School (SRA) in madrasahs make madrasah ibtidaiyyah An Nizhamiyah and Madrasah Tsnawiyah depok city become excellent madrasahs because Child-Friendly Schools are not only in accordance with the concept of Islamic education but also the management in the implementation of Child-Friendly Schools ranging from planning, organizing, implementing to evaluating make certain added values in realizing child-friendly education.

Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second most common cancer worldwide. It is also the second leading cause of death due to cancer. Breast cancer is less frequent in the younger age group but have a poorer outcome in contrast to the breast cancer arising in the older age groups. There is a lack of awareness and due to this, majority of patients present late. The aim of this study is to know the incidence and clinicopathological features of breast cancer in young females under the age of 40 years. Methods: This is a retrospective study done over a period of one year at a tertiary care hospital in south India. The hospital and lab records were searched for histologically confirmed breast cancer cases in female patients under the age of 40 years. A total of 14 breast cancer cases were identified and hematoxylin and eosin stained histopathology slides were retrieved from the histopathology archives and were reviewed. The available slides of immunohistochemistry markers were also reviewed. Results: The most common histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) seen in 13 (92.8%) cases with 1 case of invasive lobular carcinoma. Half of cases were of stage III at the time of diagnosis. 4 (28.57%) cases presented as stage II and 3 (21.4%) cases were stage I. There was a predominance of higher grade with 7 (50%) cases having grade II and 5 (35.7%) of cases were grade III. On IHC, 4 cases (28.57%) were negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Her 2 neu. Conclusion: Young breast cancer patients present with higher stage, higher tumor grade and hormonal receptor negative status. More studies are needed to investigate survival and post treatment recurrence in young females with breast cancer.

Catharanthus rosea is an important ethno medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds mainly alkaloids used widely in treatment of cancer disease. The aim of present study was to determine the total phenol, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid content in leaf stem and root parts of Catharanthus rosea in benzene, methanol, aqueous, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts by spectrophotometric method. Phytochemical analysis showed presence of saponin, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, alkaloid, steroid, quinones and phenolic compounds whereas protein was found absent. The total phenol, flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid content of plant in different extracts were determined in comparison to standard gallic acid, rutin, tannic acid and quercetin respectively. The higher concentration for phenol was found in benzene leaf extract (0.65±0.02) µg/ml, flavonoid in chloroform leaf extract (0.62±0.02) µg/ml, tannin in methanol root extract (21±0.01) µg/ml and alkaloid in benzene leaf extract (0.61±0.03) µg/ml. The presence of such metabolites indicates therapeutic importance of plant.

Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous human pathogen and one of the leading causes of infections worldwide While S. aureus toxin production is highly strain-specific, because most toxins of S. aureus. Some of the genetic diseases that directly associated to the lysis of the cells of the blood. One of the diseases that associated to the genetic level included the sickle cell anemia. This is particularly useful in classifying streptococcal species. A substance that causes hemolysis is a hemolysin. Different effects appeared due to more hemolysis of the cells of the blood by different microbes. β-Hemolytic streptococci are also detected in laboratory rats but rarely cause disease. Streptococcus pneumoniae and a group of oral streptococci as Streptococcus viridans or viridans streptococci display alpha hemolysis. This is sometimes called green hemolysis because of the color change in the agar. Bacteria are often divided into different families and groups. This division is based in part on the physical appearance of the bacteria as well as some of their chemical and biological characteristics. The organism does not induce hemolysis, the agar under and around the colony is unchanged, and the organism is called non-hemolytic or said to display gamma hemolysis (γ-hemolysis).

From the literature it is seen that graphene oxide nano filler possess exceptional mechanical properties and it is being used for enhancing mechanical properties in polymer composite. The effect of inclusion of graphene oxide nano filler on dynamic properties in fiber reinforced polymer composite has not been fully investigated. The objective of this experimental work is to investigate the dynamic properties of graphene oxide based nano-modified symmetric Glass/Carbon interlayer hybrid laminates. Ultra-sonification has been used for dispersing graphene oxide (0.5%wt) nano filler into the epoxy. The unidirectional carbon fibers are placed into the composite laminate at various stacking sequence. The modal parameters like frequency, mode shape and damping ratio were determined experimentally using traditional ‘strike method’ using FFT analyzer and Data Acquisition System. Experimental modal analysis of the composite laminates was conducted for fiber orientations of 45 and for two boundary conditions ( ie F-F-F-F and C-F-F-F). The effect of hybridization using graphene oxide nano filler in symmetric glass/carbon interlayer composite on frequency and modal damping are discussed in this paper. This research work provides basic understanding of the dynamic behavior of interlayer hybrid composites with incorporation of Graphene oxide.

Background: Histopathology remains the key to diagnosis and management of bone lesions and the present study focuses on the relative frequencies of the various causes of bone lesions with respect to age and gender. Methods: The study was conducted as a combined retrospective and prospective study spanning over a 2 year period from 2018 to 2020. Consecutive bone specimens received in the Pathology Department were subject to histopathological examination and correlated with the demographic characteristics of the patient population. Results: Among the 105 specimens examined histopathology, non-neoplastic lesions were more common than neoplastic lesions (67 vs 38). Tuberculous osteomyelitis (n=22, 32.8%) was the most common non-neoplastic lesion. Osteochondroma (30.8%) and osteosarcoma (50%) are the commonest begin and malignant tumours respectively. Conclusion: Histopathology remains a gold standard for the diagnosis of bone lesions. Knowledge of the relative frequencies of various lesions with respect to age and gender is of paramount importance. This when combined with clinical and radiographic data helps in arriving at correct diagnosis.