This paper discusses involvements of apprentices in the work integrated learning programme of the Namibia Training Authority at Tommy’s Lodge in Namibia. The paper ties in very well with the theme of the conference and brings out valuable information, lessons and practice regarding the role of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in honouring the Sustainable Development Goals. The main objective of this study was to document the views of apprentices regarding their involvement in the work integrated learning programme through blended Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET). A retrospective research design was used, targeting all apprentices actively participating in the work integrated learning programme. A sample of 7 apprentices at Tommy’s Lodge were purposively selected. Focused individual interviews (face-to-face) was used as the main approach for data collection. Findings of the study were analysed descriptively. The study provided insight into the work integrated learning programme in Namibia, brought out lessons of the involvement and experiences of apprentices, reflected mentor-apprentice relations, practicable teaching approaches, management of blended TVET programmes. Work integrated learning is a tool for transforming society through knowledge, skills and employment provision. This contributes to social and economic development of the country. Work integrated learning should be strengthened to enhance the knowledge and skills of not in education, employment and training generation. The programme should be implemented in all towns in Namibia. This would ensure contribution to the attainment of Harambee Prosperity Plan, National Development Plans, Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals.

This paper investigates the linear stability of the interface between two viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluids in the presence of a uniform magnetic field parallel to the interface, focusing on the suppression of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. The classical instability arises when two fluid layers of different densities move with different velocities, leading to the amplification of small disturbances at their interface. By incorporating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects into the linearized Navier–Stokes and Maxwell equations, we derive a modified dispersion relation that accounts for both magnetic tension and velocity shear. The results show that a sufficiently strong magnetic field can completely stabilize the interface by counteracting the shear-induced vorticity. The critical magnetic field required for stabilization depends on the density contrast and relative velocity of the two layers. The analysis has implications for astrophysical plasma flows, liquid metal processing, and oceanic or atmospheric shear layers.

Quality schools are organized based on the National Education Standards (NES). Unfortunately, many schools that are held do not refer to these NESs. There are schools that have not implemented these national standards thoroughly. This also includes elementary school levels that have not been implemented thoroughly, especially schools in rural areas. This study aims to describe the application of national education standards in rural elementary schools. This study uses a policy evaluation description method. This research was conducted at the elementary school level in North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Data collection techniques with checklists, interviews, observation, and documentation study. The data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results showed that the conditions for implementing the national education standards in rural elementary schools had not been met effectively. School conditions have not reached the target of the national education standard. This condition has a negative impact on the image of rural schools. There are a number of problems, including lack of community awareness and contribution, inadequate condition of facilities and infrastructure, limited funds, lack of concern and contribution from the government. Suggestions to the education administering authorities to plan the fulfillment of NES in rural elementary schools in a concrete and operational manner.

Authors’ and collaborators have continued research concerning stretching, the flexibility of thoracic spine. In this study, author himself continued our stretching protocol for 4 months. The changes were i) the spreading degree of open legs, ii) bridge posture bending the whole body backward, iii) finger floor distance (FFD) with 3 to 18cm. The purpose was self-verification by habituation training, and clinical efficacy was found. For other effects, he has not been injured for the period as soccer player at all, and has felt comfortable operation subjectively. This process will be beneficial for managing various patients and athletes from now.

Infection with oncogenic or high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types significantly triggers the development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in northern Nigeria, yet the pattern of infection with human papillomavirus, the principal aetiologic agent is unknown; besides, prevalence data that governs research and policy is often inadequate or nonexistent. This study aims to detect precancerous cells and elucidate the incidence of HPV in cervical cancer among women attending selected hospitals in Katsina State. This was a preliminary study conducted in two hospitals in order to establish base-line data on the incidence and risk factors for the infection in Katsina State, Nigeria. The employed study design was Hospital based and cross sectional, involving the use of structured questionnaires to obtain socio-demographic and clinical data. Sixty (60) randomly selected women aged 18 years and above were recruited from gynaecology clinics in General Hospital, Katsina and Turai Umar Yar'adua Maternal and Children Hospital (TUYMCH). Relevant sexual and socio-demographic information were obtained from each subject using a questionnaire. Sixty (60) cervical scraping samples were screened for both HPV and squamous intraepithelial llesion (SIL) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and conventional Papsmear, respectively. Data is presented in tables, and analyzed using the Graphpad Prism statistical software, version 69, at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval. The incidence rate of HPV infection obtained from ELISA test was 35% [(21/60)] and also 33.2% [(20/60)] with abnormal cytology results. Risk factors of the infection include low literacy levela; living in rural settlements; low parity; early menarche (< 15 years of age); early onset of first sexual intercourse (≤ 16 years of age) and multiple sexual partners with 48%. There was however, no statistically significant association between oral contraceptive usage and acquisition of the infections. The findings from this study have shown that there is a high possibility of detecting the DNA of hrHPV in women that are infected with HPV and those that have cervical dysplasia, which points out the possibility of these women developing cervical cancer. Further studies should be done using molecular screening techniques such as the linear Array, HPV Genotyping, and molecular characterization of HPV.

This study we investigated the effects of insulin spray treatment on skin wounds in diabetic rats. Thirty rats were used for experiment. Rats were divided into 3 groups. group 1 serve as control group. Group 2 was diabetic without treatment. Group 3 was diabetic and treated with insulin spray daily for eight days. Diabetus was inducted by injection of alloxan at dose 100mg\kg b.w. Artificial wounds (8-mm diameter) were created in all rats on the day 3 of the experiment. Wound gaps were measured at (Zero, 2th, 4th, 6th and 8th) days post wound (pw). Animals sacrificed at 8th day (p w). Serum was collected for biochemical analyses and wound tissues were excised for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. The results showed significance increase in liver and kidneys analysis, but significance decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetic rats when compared with healthy rats. Level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were increased in group 2 & 3 in comparison to control group. Histological findings showed contracted wounds in insulin spray group. Microscopic finding showed septic wounds in diabetic animals in contrast to insulin treated rats, which displayed re-epithelization and remodeling in wound injury at 8th day (ip). It could be concluded that insulin spray is able to accelerate the process of wound healing in diabetic rats.

The purpose of this research is to analyze and determine the financial performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia and Islamic banking in Malaysia using the Dupont System, represented by the ratio of NPM (Net Profit Margin), TATO (Total Asset Turnover), ROI (Return On Investment), MER (Multyplyer Equity). Ratio) and ROE (Return On Equity). This research uses quantitative data, using secondary data sources by using library studies and library research using different test T in each ratio. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there are significant differences in the ratio of NPM, TATO, ROI and ROE. In contrast, for the MER ratio, there is no significant difference between Islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Universities have formulated policies on the execution of examinations but, examination malpractices are still witnessed. Eradicating examination malpractices needs engagement in enquiry driven reform and probing teaching and learning and schooling realities to highlight what to be done and how. The study's main purpose was to evaluate policy-related strategies to curb examination malpractices among undergraduate students in Kenyan universities. The theory of Planned Behaviour guided the study. The sample size comprised of 450 participants; lecturers, dean of students (DoSs), heads of departments (HoDs), examination officers(EOs) and undergraduate students from the selected universities in Kenya. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select lecturers and students, simple random sampling for HoDs and further purposive sampling for DoSs and EOs. The study adopted a mixed methods design and data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules, focused group discussions and document analysis. A pilot study was carried out to check the reliability of the research instruments. Data was analysed using both qualitative and quantitative statistics and results interpreted using frequencies, standard deviations, means and percentages. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was employed to determine relationships between variables. The study findings on the existing policies related to examination malpractices have positive and statistically significant effect on curbing examination malpractices (r =0.669; p<0.05). The existing policies related to the examination malpractice have great effect on the degree to which students can practice examination cheating. Policies related to examination malpractices among undergraduate students include attaining minimum mark of 40 makes students engage in examination malpractices, overcrowded examination rooms which tempt students to cheat in examination, low lecturer/student ratio and lack of proper students’ records make students to lie. Universities are better advised to adopt good policies that can curb examination malpractices. The study recommended that academic departments to review the minimum pass mark since the policy of minimum mark encourages students to be lazy and definitely engage in examination malpractices. It is also recommended that DVC and the Registrar in charge of academics to make spot checks during examination as a way of monitoring what is happening during this process of examinations.

Performance assessment of the secretariat apparatus of the regional election commission on operational implementing elements that have the task of carrying out some of the technical tasks of election operations based on The Electoral Commission Regulation No. 22 of 2008 on organizational structure and working procedures of the Secretariat of the Electoral Commission. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection techniques are carried out using participatory observations, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis is done with descriptive techniques through three flow of activities that are one unity, namely: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the performance assessment of the secretariat apparatus of the regional election commission tends to show performance on quantity, quality and timeliness despite constraints on employee discipline and efficiency of target achievement.

In this novel, Kate Chopin vividly described unfortunate suffering and miserable fate of Désirée and her baby with racism as background in the novel, Armand owed the negroid features to Désirée whose origin was obscure even if her skin was whiter than her husband. Kate Chopin unveiled the fact that racism penetrated in the society enormously influencing the mind, action of the individuals living in that environment. Désirée, Armand and the innocent baby were all the victims of the slavery. This work has received considerable attention in that it created suspense by breaking the expectation of the reader. This paper analyze the novel by employing reader-response criticism to Désirée’s Baby, from the background of history, the description of environment, the image of characters and the design of ending, so that readers will further experience the pleasure of creation.

Primitive malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity is a rare tumour of uncertain aetiology and bad prognosis. Unlike skin melanomas, there are no risk factors and the disease is frequently diagnosed in old patients, which clinical complaints are normally non-specific and ranges from nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea to epistaxis. In most cases this disease is diagnosed in advanced stages which make the treatment difficult.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in mandibular and maxillary third molars in cases treated with and without extraction. Materials and methods: Pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) radiographs were taken of 46 subjects who had been treated without extraction and 44 subjects who had been treated with extraction of premolars. Results: The increase of eruption space and the improvement of the angular position of third molars were statistically significant between extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment, whereas, there was no statistically significant difference between first premolar extraction and second premolar extraction. Conclusion: Third molar impaction for orthodontic patients can be predicted before treatment according to the size of retro molar space and the type of treatment with or without premolar extraction.

The study was done to compare results of different imaging modalities Computed Tomography (CT scan) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with operative or histopathological diagnosis and to determine the accuracy of each. Forty patients with clinically or ultrasonographically diagnosed intraorbital masses were enrolled in the study who did not have any contraindication for contrast enhanced CT or MRI. A correct diagnosis was made in 37 patients and an incorrect diagnosis in 3 patients on CT scan while correct diagnosis was made on MRI in 38 patients and incorrect diagnosis was made in 2 patients. The clinical, surgical and histopathological findings were used as the gold standard for making a final diagnosis in these patients. There was an excellent agreement between CT and MRI in predicting extraorbital involvement, intracranial extension and optic nerve involvement. CT predicted bony involvement and areas of calcification better whereas MRI was better in predicting extraocular muscle involvement.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 on quality of life of dentists at health care centers in Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: This study was conducted for two weeks. Sample was selected randomly and included 300 dentists from different specialty. Questionnaire about demographic data and effect of Covid-19 on quality of life were used. Results: A total of 204 (68%) of dentists who replied was work in government sector. Their average age ranges from 20 years to 50 years and most of the dentist who answered the questionnaire (45%) work for more than 10 years of service. The second part about the effect of the virus on the quality of life most of them (93%) they feel their safety is in risk during working hours. 87% of the participant dentist they had a symptom of depression and anxiety and (70%) of them they worried about being a source of infection for their family. For the dentists who work in private sector (40%) of them afraid from lose their job and facing a financial problem. Conclusion: Regarding to the result we found that COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on quality of life for the dentist in both sector the government and private.

Dental restoration is nowadays becoming key dental treatments, especially use of the composites and replacement of missing teeth using dental fixed partial denture. These can provide temporary relief to the patient, but it had long term side-effects. This article presents case reports of defective composite restoration interdentally, defective cantilever bridge, defective amalgam restoration.