Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the prevalence of different conditions in infertile men with severe male factor, based on endocrine evaluation and scrotal ultrasound. Materials and methods: The retrospective study was carried out on 86 infertile men with azoospermia and severe oligospermia who attended the Male infertility clinic of the department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. They had evaluation with serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In addition they had scrotal ultrasound. Results: Most (88.37%) of them had azoospermia. Severe oligospermia was present in 11.63%. Testosterone deficiency was detected in 34.9%. Non-obstructive forms (pre-testicular and testicular causes) comprised 62.8%. Scrotal abnormalities suggestive of obstructive and non-obstructive varieties were overlapping with endocrine diagnoses. Conclusion: Majority of men with severe male factor infertility has non-obstructive azoospermia which has poor chance of sperm retrieval for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI). Substantial proportion of them has testosterone deficiency which needs to be treated if they do not opt for IVF-ICSI with poor prognosis or donor oocytes.

Diabetes mellitus is the commonest endocrine and metabolic disorders. Patients with diabetes have about double risk to develop severe COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 shown to be associated with dysregulation of glycemic control in diabetes. This review focus on the most obvious contributing factors linking these nowadays the two common pandemics. A broad literature search been performed on Google Scholar and PubMed for the periods between 01/01/2021 and 01/03/2021. The search includes the followings key words; diabetes, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, corona virus, ACE2 and cytokines storm. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diabetes patients acts as independent risk factors for acquiring severe covid-19 complication. ACE2 expression in diabetic patients is reduced but this reduction wasn’t protective for gaining COVID-19 and even worsening the patient’s outcomes. Exaggerated inflammatory responses in diabetics towards COVID-19 is obvious and serves to transform cytokines storm to a “Cytokine Super Cyclone”. Both COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus affects each other and patients with diabetes subjected to have severe COVID-19 and with an increasing risk of mortality and worsening outcome. Diabetic persons should take great attention to keep their glycemic control as ideal as possible and it is essential to put them in the high priority list for gaining vaccination against COVID-19 virus.

Environmental pollution caused by conventional building material, had given borth to treh quest for green technology. This work evaluated the impact of cassava starch on some structural properties of sandcrete blocks produced from recycling paper. The sandcrete blocks were produced by replacement of river bed sand (sharp sand) with waste paper, at the rate of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% partial replacement; while the 1% of the cement was replaced with cassava starch powder. All the sandcrete blocks were produced at a fine aggregate to cement mix ratio of 6:1. The compressive strength, bulk density and water absorption rate of the blocks produced were dome at 28th curing day. Results obtained from the compressive strength test depicted that, regardless of the paper pulp volume, the blocks produced with cassava starch had higher compressive strength, compared to the blocks produced without cassava starch. At curing day 28, the blocks produced 10% and 20% paper pulp and cassava starch, developed compressive strengths of 2.65 N/mm2 and 2.32 N/mm2, respectively. In terms of the bocks bulk density, the result portrayed that the weight of the blocks produced with paper pulp were lighter, when compared with the control unit. It was also revealed by the results that the block containing cassava starch power had lower water abortion rate, compared to block produced without cassava starch. This study results had shown that using cassava starch as admixture, paper pulp can be used to produce sandcrete blocks for building walls of a framed structure at a little quantity (1% - 20% partial replacement).

Through comparing China with America the difference of science and technology may be found. In the scientific front field the America has leading role but in the base field China maintains leading role. It is known that China has grown from big country to strength one in science and technology. The population in China is a difficult problem since the average GDP(gross domestic product) may be not too high level. So the endeavor must be done more in order to promote average one. In the military China has two aircraft carriers to proceed in near sea to protect abroad ones and territory integrity even Taiwan unification. MBA (master of business & administration) is prevail course for senior business and economy administration which may be a good merger of technology and administration.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune mediated enteropathy induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In cases of long term evolution and poor adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD), the outcome of CD may be the development of malignant diseases mainly lymphomas that can be responsible of a higher mortality rate. In some rare cases, the diagnosis of CD is made upon the discovery of the lymphoma. The main histological type is the enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma but can also be a B-cell kind. We report here the case of 02 patients with lymphomas revealing a CD.

China meets the newest challenge and opportunity to lead world economy towards new constitutional mechanism which has like technological modern developed country. So that the science will be the first factor to search for better method and theory then it applies to new industrious revolution. The destination can be convenient to human service so we may create idea to be served for public health and enjoyment. A new study will be created by us to convenience to human health and long life ultimately. For the sake of this the base science and applied technology will be dominant which may be found by us to solve these concerns. To promote industrious level the military like aircraft carrier, fighter and missile even spaceflight may be service for us to utilize more peaceful method on our surround and aerospace even planet.

Objective: To assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of eight types of local honeys from Green Mountain province, Libya on different microorganisms. Methods: 100% of different types (Undiluted) of honey were studied in vitro using, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, to determine the zone of inhibition against each type of microorganism. The antimicrobial activity of honey samples was compared with standard antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin, Amoxil/clavulunic acid, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Ampicillin/cloxacillin, Erythromycin and Nitrofurantoin was determined by the disc diffusion method. Results: The diameter of zone inhibition of honey has various values tested ranged from 11-18.5 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0-12 mm for both Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli, while with no effect for Candida albicans. Conclusions: The eight types of Libyan honey have a various antibacterial activity in-vitro.

Paradigm shift in terms of patterns of conducting financial transactions in Nigeria is growing exponentially. Online channels are increasingly witnessing boom and silently eroding offline-based financial transactions. Notwithstanding appreciable progress regarding e-banking, elderly bank customers continues to engage hugely in physical presence in bank branches in order to perform financial transactions. Research focusing on constraining factors of e-banking channel usage intention among elderly (60+) bank customers in developing setting where e-banking is still somewhat nascent are few. This study, therefore, aims to deepen understanding regarding those factors that inhibit elderly banking customers’ intention to use e-banking channels. The study used a sample of 384 respondents determined statistically. A combination of judgemental and snowballing sampling techniques were applied in respondents’ selection. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants who volunteered to take part in the survey. Partial Least Square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was utilised in data analysis. The research found that performance expectation, social influence, technology complexity, perceived security, and technophobia have significant-positive relation with attitude; also, attitude correlates positively with intention to use e-banking channels among the surveyed respondents. However, perceived trust and facilitating conditions have insignificant relations with attitude and usage intention. The practical implications of the findings and directions for future study were putforward.

This paper examined the operational practices and attitudes of the International Oil Companies (IOCs) in the Nigeria’s Oil and Gas industry, and interrogated the rationale behind such; much more as the negative effects were glaring. It drew a conclusion from these prevailing habits but afterwards offered recommendations towards improved holistic results.

Background: Under the term "foreign bodies" of the upper digestive tract, it is conventional to consider food impactions and foreign bodies ingested accidentally or intentionally [1]. Intentional ingestions are most often sharp or stinging foreign bodies, or even “body packing” (plastic bags, most often condoms, filled with narcotics) [2]. We’re reporting our successful experience about endoscopic extraction of a "body packing” in a young patient of 27 years old. Keywords: Endoscopic Extraction Body Packing.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, nearly 70% of patients with epilepsy lack an obvious pathogenetic cause, genetic is believed to play an important role in its causation. Objectives: to determine the association of sodium channel SCN1A gene mutation with epilepsy. Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study that had been performed at Sheikh Mohamed Khair centre, Banat, Omdurman, and National Centre for Neurological Sciences (NCNS) Khartoum state, during the period November 2016 to February 2019. Ninety-nine patients were enrolled in this study. Demographic data were collected in a predesigned questionnaire. Blood samples were tested for biochemical and molecular tests. Results: sequencing analysis detected AT deletion in 71% of the samples. Conclusion: Genetic mutations have an effective role in developing epilepsy, AT deletion in SCN1A gene, indirectly, affects Gamma aminobutyric acid function which is inhibition of neuronal activity.

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is favored in men more than woman with a ratio of 2-4:1. Risk factors include nasal obstruction, obesity, gender, craniofacial anatomy, and smoking. Reoccurring symptoms, such as daytime sleepiness and irregular snoring have lead scientists and doctors to further find appropriate means of diagnosis. Polysomnography is proved to be the golden-standard method for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea. Other diagnostic tools include taking a home apnea test. Positive airway pressure and oral appliances are the two most common non-invasive devices used to treat obstructive sleep apnea. Surgical procedures, like uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and maxillomandibular advancement are the most effective surgeries, especially in severe cases. Obstructive sleep apnea also arises complications and side effects that do not only affect the patient’s physical health but also impact their social and mental well-being; however, there are means to prevent it and lead a healthy lifestyle. In this review, the abovementioned aspects of obstructive sleep apnea are focused on and supported in detail.

Coronavirus has taken it serious form and also causes the death once damage the air passage ways into particular host. This virus is transmitted from the air droplets of the infected person. There are variety of responses agonist the Covid-19 by innate immunity that particularly recognized the cells of this virus as a pathogenic form and fights against them. It can be recognized through the pathogen associated molecular patterns. Type I IFNs are mainly involved in activation of other cells of immune system that contribute to immunity. Helper T cells are the main cells for defense against the viral cells. Helper T cells are the directors of the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2. There are different parts of the adaptive immune system work together, so seeing Covid-fighting antibodies, memory B cells, memory CD4+ T cells and memory CD8+ T cells in the blood more than eight months following infection is a good sign. Remdesivir as one of the antiviral drug binds to the particular cells of virus at cellular level by binding to the viral RNA. Tocilizumab as one of the approved drug by FDA for treating the Covid-19. Dexamethasone is used as potential drug to reduce the severe inflammation against the caused by corona virus. This drug has shown positive effects against the Covid-19.

Development of the country is possible only through education. The better the education system of the country, the better the progress of the country will be. The development of the country depends on education. Education is the solution to all problems. Many reforms have been made in the field of education since India became independent. However, we have not yet got the expected result. Various schemes are being implemented by the State and Central Governments to strengthen the foundation in education. There were some vital schemes of Central and State government of education in India before 1990 such as Andhra Pradesh Primary Education Programme (APPEP), Shiksha Karmi Project (SKP), Mahila Samakhya (Education for Women’s Equality) Programme, Bihar Education Project, Lok Jumbish Project etc. These schemes had given impressive results. So after 1990, the Government of India implemented centrally sponsored schemes in education such as District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), and Samagra Shiksha.

The Plants are enriched with variety of ingredients that could be used in the preparation of either synthetic or natural drugs. Thus, scientists have great interest in screening and assessing medicinal plants to promote preparation of new and advance drugs with minimal side effects as well as synergistic effect. Various pharmacological assays were performed to analyse the effectiveness of a plant toward therapeutic drugs. Lepidium as a genus is well known for its extravagant medicinal potential. This study was intended to explore the phytochemicals potential of Lepidium pinnatifidum. Dried powder form of Lepidium pinnatifidum was extracted with crude methanol and then process of fractionation was performed with order of increasing polarity to gain n - hexane fraction (LPH), chloroform fraction (LPC), ethyl acetate (LPE), butanol fraction (LPB) and aqueous fraction (LPA).The qualitative phytochemicals analysis of L. pinnatifidum showed the presence of various important pharmacologically active phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, coumarins, phenols, phytosterols, vitamin c, steroids, triterpenoids etc. Plant was found to be enriched with most of the assessed phytochemicals. On the basis of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis of some important phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins showed that, this plant seemed a potent medicinal agent and could be used as a therapeutic drug in future.