“Spring” Op. 24 by Beethoven is one of the most famous classical sonatas for violin and piano. It can also be seen as the mirror of the composer’s creative and philosophical personality. Among the 10 violin sonatas by Beethoven, the ‘’Kreutzer’’ and the “Spring” are played the most. This sonata is in F Major tonality. Beethoven composed it between 1800 and 1801, and dedicated to count Moritz von Fries. One of the most notable features is that it contains many dialogues between the two instruments. Most of Beethoven’s works are homo-thematic. Beethoven Sonatas are an essential part of the violin repertoire in that they challenge the players’ musical and technical abilities. According to Lewis Lockwood, in his first period works as in Sonata Op. 23, piano had the biggest role. But in Op. 24 Sonata this feature had changed and the Piano and Violin have equal roles. Both instruments have melodic and thematic parts and the balance between them has an influence on the beauty of this Sonata. Before the “Spring” Sonata, Beethoven always presented the main theme in the piano. One of the most visible differences in this Sonata is that the main theme is presented by the Violin. He composed also one more movement named ‘’Scherzo and Trio’’ and made a 4 movement Sonata. This Sonata could also be seen as a role model to Op. 30 No. 1 C Minor Violin Sonata and Op. 69 A Major Violoncello Sonata. According to the Beethoven biographer Wilhelm von Lenz, Beethoven’s creative periods can be divided into three: First period shows influences by Mozart and Haydn in musical form, harmony and tonal relationships. Middle period is most commonly referred as “escape” because he was searching for a way to escape from Haydn and Mozart’s styles. Op.24 Spring Sonata is between first and middle period of his works. Because of this, Spring Sonata has effects of new techniques but still has Mozart influences. According to Lewis Lockwood, Beethoven wanted to create extraordinary elements of beauty in this Sonata, so he used special techniques of his previous works as well as other composers [ ]. This sonata and some of his other works show Beethoven’s love to his country and to the beauty of nature. Many researchers have not found information about the name of this Sonata. Lewis Lockwood said that people started to use this name in 1860s. According to him this name “Spring” is the most suitable one to show elegant melodic structure.

The village judiciary institution is one of the means of solving cases outside the court. Article 95 of The Village Law where the community can form a village customary institutions which are contrary to Law No. 8 of 1982 concerning Law Enforcement of Minor Crime Cases especially article 204, 205, 206 of the Criminal Procedure Code that is associated with PERMA No. 2 of 2012 concerning the Relief of Minor Crimes where it can be resolved alternatively against articles 362 and 352 of the Criminal Code and to crimes that do not have a broad impact or its damage do not exceed IDR 2,500,000 (two million five hundred thousand rupiahs). This research method is juridical empirical with a case approach and community culture with the aim of reconstructing Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The problems in this research include the inadequate resolution of minor criminal cases based on justice value, the weaknesses that arise in the settlement of minor criminal cases as an alternative to village justice institutions, and how to construct village justice institutions as an alternative to minor crime case resolution based on justice value. The results of this study indicate that the settlement of minor criminal cases through village court institutions as an alternative dispute resolution has not been carried out optimally. The main problem that prevents the adat village court from becoming an alternative dispute resolution system is its unclear position in the national justice system. In many areas, communities are reluctant to settle disputes in adat courts. in order to solve this, construction of the settlement of minor criminal cases through the village court institution is needed, namely the use of Article 95 of Law no. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages can be used as a legal basis in establishing Village customary institutions as an alternative to resolving minor crimes.

Wilms tumours with a greater number of heterologous elements on histology are considered as teratoid form of Wilms tumour. The presence of teratoid components in Wilms tumour are resistant to chemotherapy and may warrant additional treatment. On microscopy, the epithelial component in Wilms tumour most commonly present in form of tubules or glomeruloid bodies as homologous differentiation and less commonly as heterologous elements such as squamous or mucinous epithelium. Other common heterologous elements described in the literature are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, adipose tissue and cartilage. Though the transitional lining is homologous to the kidney, nests of urothelial cells within Wilms tumour is not described well in the literature. We describe the presence of urothelial nests intimately admixed with other homologous and heterologous components of Wilms tumour in post-chemotherapy nephrectomy specimen.

In current scenario transdermal delivery of bioactive molecules has become an interesting research area. Transdermal delivery enables direct entry of bioactive molecules into systemic circulation, bypass of hepatic metabolism, improves patient compliance, and low risk of injury to the tissues. Though it is one of the attractive routes, transport of drug through the skin has remained a challenge. To overcome the challenge, vesicular system has been adopted so as to have better skin permeation of bioactive agents. Vesicular system like liposome has shown inefficiency to cross the layers of skin. To overcome this hurdle a novel vesicular & non-invasive drug delivery system Nanoethosomes was developed. Nanoethosomes are used for deeper permeation of bioactive molecules. The main components are phospholipids, ethanol, and water. Presence of high amount of ethanol in their structure differentiates them from other vesicular systems and also helps to release encapsulated material into basal skin layer and blood circulation. Ethanol gives a net negative charge on vesicle surface promoting its size reduction. Vesicular system gives a better patient compliance, being a non-invasive method of drug administration. In this review article we are going to see brief information about methods of preparation, characterization and pharmaceutical uses of Nanoethosomes.

Background: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the preferred method of revascularization in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Aim: Our aim was to study the clinical profile and outcomes of patients who underwent PCI for STEMI at tertiary cardiac centre of Bangladesh. Methods: It is a retrospective, single centre study, performed at Bangabandu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients who underwent PCI for STEMI from November 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled in this study. All the data were collected from hospital registry and cath lab records. Results: The Study showed that out of 232 patients who presented with STEMI, 74.5% were male with average age of 57.39 years. The mean time of presentation after onset of symptom/s was 17.5 hours. About 66% patients presented in less than 12 hours of symptoms onset, 21% presented at 12-24 hours of symptoms onset and 13% patients presented late. Primary PCI was done in 87% of patients. Almost all patients (98.2%) underwent coronary artery stenting with drug eluting stents. Multivessel PCI during index procedure was done in 7 patients. TIMI III flow following PCI was achieved in 97% cases. Average LVEF at discharge was 44.73%. There were 8 deaths, all after Primary PCI. In-hospital mortality rates for patients presenting with and without cardiogenic shock were 38.46% and 1.59% respectively. The overall mortality rate was 3.98%. Conclusion: This study has reemphasized that PCI is effective in the management of STEMI cases in Bangladesh with improving mortality rates and decreasing complications. Minimizing the delayed presentation after the onset of symptoms should be one of the prime focuses for effective management of STEMI.

This paper specifically analyzes the concept of mediation as protection of fishery resources from IUU fishing practices in Indonesia. The type of research used is normative legal research with a statutory approach, The data used are secondary data collected through literature search and document study. The collected data were then analyzed qualitatively. The results show that in the future it is necessary to seek legal breakthroughs so that the IUU Fishing law enforcement process has benefits, the KPKNL as an extension of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia has an interest to streamline options other than annihilating (auctions, grants, other uses) so that it has benefits for the state to conduct mediation by how to bring together investigators (as representatives of the state, it is the state that is the victim of crime because they have suffered losses due to stolen fisheries resources) with the perpetrator/ship owner (the party who committed the crime) The importance of mediation is to prevent investigators from taking the option of sinking the ship (sinking the ship), because if this is done (the investigator takes the option to destroy), the state will not get anything, even if it tends to be detrimental, because the state must pay for the sinking of the ship. So that with mediation, investigators prioritize auction options, grants, and other uses (as mandated also by the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 03/PMK.06/2011 concerning Settlement of Seizure and Gratuities), because of these things the state benefits or income through Non-Tax State Revenues (PNBP).

Background: Diabetic retinopathy) DR) is a major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults and is characterized by increased vascular permeability, tissue ischemia, and neo-vascularization. Neovascularization of the retina carries a high risk of blindness as a result of vitreous hemorrhage and fibrosis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels. Polymorphisms within the VEGF gene lead to differences in VEGF expression between individuals and could influence the etiology of a variety of pathologic conditions with which VEGF has been associated. The aim of this study is to investigate +405G/C polymorphism of VEGF gene in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate its relationship with the development and improvment of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: A total of 189individuals subjects divided to 3 groups (diabetics with DR, diabetics without DR and health individuals) were observed to determine the relationship between DR and +405 G/C VEGF gene polymorphism. Results: This study revealed that patients with GC genotypes are about 57.6 % at risk (95% CI 1.022-2.431) to develop DR, while the risk is about 40% (95% CI 0.404-0.893) in DM patients without DR than those without GC genotype. Conclusion: These results indicated that +405 VEGF G/C polymorphism could be used in the evaluation, development, and progression of DR.

This research aims to evaluate the portfolio performance which recommended by PT. Samuel Sekuritas Indonesia in January-December 2020 with Jensen Index by testing whether alpha (α) gained from the result of regression on excess return portofolio Samuel toward excess return market does not equal zero significantly. The research result showed that alpha (α) significantly does not equal zero.

Background: In human birth defects, NTDs account for 0.5-2 per 1000 pregnancies worldwide. It occurs due to abnormalities in neural tube formation. Zinc required for the absorption and synthesis of biologically active folate moiety. Its deficiency creates a lack of folate in metabolic activity. Lead competes with zinc and slowly decreases zinc stores in the body. It causes morphological changes and gives an incomplete blood-brain barrier to the developing nervous system. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the associations between maternal serum lead concentration and fetal NTDs. Materials and Methods: It was a case-control study conducted in Feto- Maternal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2016 to June 2016. Ethical clearance was taken. A total of 60 pregnant women were selected as the study population. 30 with USG detected fetal NTDs case and 30 with normal fetus. In both groups folic acid level was normal. Maternal serum was taken for measuring lead by Graphite furnace automatic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by SPPS version 17. Results: The raised value of serum lead was found in 6.67% of patient with fetal NTD. Relationship between NTD and raised value of lead were found significant. Conclusion: From this study, we concluded, raised serum lead level is one of the associated factors for fetal neural tube defects.

The federal system of India has been guaranteed under the Indian Constitution to ensure independent functioning of state legislatures by their elected members, but unfortunately a frequent trend of defection have been witnessed. The anti-defection law was introduced to prevent such political defections by inserting tenth schedule in the Constitution of India in 1985. Still, several loopholes in law have permitted defections on several occasions and so many cases have been adjudicated by many High Courts and Supreme Court in this regard. Unfortunately, there are enough evidences of justice delivered in a flip-flop manner. Serious anomalies in decisions given by speakers and governors, in judgements delivered by respective High Courts and even the Supreme Court of India have failed to protect the aim and objective of Constitution of India as well as basic rights of citizens of India. In this article we have tried to critically address today’s scenario of political defections and role played by the judicial system.

Different nations and different environments have led to huge differences between cultures, forming different forms of cultural models. In the process of English-Chinese translation, in order to ensure the accuracy and correspondence of translation, translators tend to follow Nida's functional equivalence theory. This theory advocates formal equivalence and emphasizes dynamic equivalence. In practical translation application, functional equivalence theory is of guiding significance to English-Chinese translation. In terms of language, the same meaning is expressed differently in different cultures.“地”has different semantic meanings in English and Chinese. This article will discuss the different semantic meanings of the differences and similarities between Chinese and English by comparing the difference between “地” in Chinese and English idioms and poems. The differences in the characteristics of Chinese and English languages mainly come from the following factors: the influence of geographical environment and lifestyle, the restriction of religious belief, and the differences in thinking modes.

A People’s culture is embedded in its language. This is the case of the Ejagham community and its language, an Ekoid Bantu language of the Benue Congo family spoken in the Manyu Division of the South West Region of Cameroon and in the Cross River state of Nigeria [1]. Culture observes some restricted domains which are not talked about freely, generally known as taboos. The Ejagham speakers, in order to communicate, substitute these areas of restriction with the use of less offensive expressions known as euphemisms; thereby avoiding the occurrence of taboos. This article highlights some taboo related areas in the Ejagham culture, and shows the euphemistic idioms used by Ejagham speakers to talk about certain restricted areas (death, marriage, sex) during verbal interactions. Social cohesion is therefore guaranteed as face saving strategies are used.

Background: Postmenopausal bleeding is generally regarded as an ominous and serious alarm of genital pathologies; represents 5% of all gynecological visits. To develop the treatment procedure of postmenopausal bleeding and to increase the success rate of such treatment, knowledge on the histopathological pattern of endometrium in menopausal women with postmenopausal bleeding is very essential. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate various causes of postmenopausal bleeding based on histopathology, and the percentage of various benign, premalignant and malignant endometrial and cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study which was conducted at OPD, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Popular Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. In total 45 menopausal women diagnosed as patients among them 31 patients with postmenopausal bleeding were selected as the study population. Ethical clearance had been taken from the ethical committee of the medical college. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20 as per need. Result: In this study according to the diagnosis report, we found the highest number of participants were with an endometrial polyp and/or chronic cervicitis which was 22.56% separately. No malignancy was seen among 19.35%, Besides these, squamous metaplasia was 19.35%, endometrial adenocarcinoma 9.68%, endometrial hyperplasia with atypia 6.45%, endometrial hyperplasia without atypia 6.45%, papillary adenocarcinoma 3.23% and finally smile cystic change of endometrium 3.23%. Conclusion: Endometrial polyp, no malignancy, endometrial adenocarcinoma, and chronic cervicitis are the most potential endometrial characteristics of menopausal women with postmenopausal bleeding. On the other hand, abdominal pain is the most potential associated symptom of patients with postmenopausal bleeding.

Aims: To compare the decision to treat between the practitioner and Star and Star II calculator for ocular hypertension patients. Study Design: A comparative cross sectional retrospective analytical study. Method: A retrospective analytical study, conducted at Glaucoma clinic of Dr. R M L hospital. All files of diagnosed cases of ocular hypertension were considered for the study. Information was gathered for each of the following 6 risk factors- Age, Sex, Intra-Ocular pressure, Vertical Cup-Disc ratio, Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT). Results were compared with the clinical decision for treatment taken by glaucoma practitioners well versed with OHTS and EGPS guidelines for treatment of OHT and having more than ten years of experience in their field. Result: Records of a total of 1780 files registered in the glaucoma clinic of the hospital were screened. 202 files were cases of OHT. After applying the strict STAR II inclusion criteria only 32 patient files were selected for the study. These results were subjected to statistical analysis using Mcnemar test which revealed that there was no statistical difference between the two (p = 0.3018) at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Our study found no statistically significant difference between the decision to treat by the two modalities i.e. STAR II (using 15% cut-off) and the clinician decision. STAR calculator can be of help in management of a case of OHT.

Many Adventist students at the University of Arusha cease to participate in church programs like evangelism, nurturing one another, being interested in prayer meetings and other worship programs as soon as they join university studies. It is like in their previous levels of study they were not participating in these programs or they start to neglect them when they reach this level. The research that was done from 2017 to 2018 showed that six Adventist students were identified as being involved in sexual immorality and three in drug abuse, one in abortion while five students were found involving themselves in drinking alcohol. More than seventy percent of Adventist students were not participating in the church mission activities at the University of Arusha. Mentorship as a discipleship relationship between the mentor and mentee for the purpose of holistic growth seems to be more practical both in the Old and New Testament. This works as the means to minimize the problem. This article is dedicated to find out the biblical principles which were used in the Old Testament and in the New Testament to enhance the commitment of the Adventist students to faith in God. These principles will be useful in the plan of improving the Adventist students’ commitment to faith at the University of Arusha. In the Old Testament, mentorship was used as the method to heighten and nurturing the believers to be committed to what they believed while the New Testament used the discipleship techniques to fulfill the same goals.