Oxygen is a unique element indispensable for life. Free radicals are forms as a consequence of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production by the mitochondria in oxidative phosphorylation due to use of oxygen by cells to generate energy. Most of the by-products form as a result of this biochemical changes are reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Delicate balance between the two antagonistic effects is among the vital aspect of life ROS and RNS exert beneficial effects on cellular responses and immune function at low or moderate concentration. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the cholinesterase inhibitory effect of Cymbopogon citratus 80% (leaf) extract. The leaf was extracted with 80% methanol. A toxicity study was carried out on mice. Cholinesterase inhibitory activities were also evaluated on the same mice using Ellman’s method. Result revealed high cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the crude extract with high significant differences at P<0.001) between the group that were treated with crude extract only, group treated with crude extract and exposed to arsenic and group that were exposed to arsenic only as well as group that are maintained in complete media. It can be concluded that low toxicity and high cholinesterase inhibitory effect of the crude extract is responsible for it therapeutic effects of this crude extract. Toxicity screening of this crude extract on a mammal such as rat to reaffirm their toxicity profile are recommended. Antioxidant screening as well as isolation of bioactive compounds present in this plant part is strongly recommended.

In solve legal problems better by way of mediation so that the bias resolved in kinship if these efforts has been done has not been successful then the restriction of the efforts of the law through the mediation to ensure that the judicial process that is quick and cheap (so that the judiciary can be the choice of the people to resolve their disputes) as well as the anticipated increase in the number of cases which aims to reduce the accumulation of cases in the Supreme Court, especially at the level of Cassation. The increasing number of cases that enter, and decided in the district Court and the High Court, result in the amount of the verdict asked the efforts of law Appeal to the supreme court also increased and began to be a serious problem. Underlying it is necessary to do a study about the Role of the Judiciary in the Restriction of the Efforts of the Law in order to reduce the accumulation of cases in Court.

Pseudoangiomatous nodular stromal hyperplasia of the breast (PASH) is a benign lesion characterized by the presence of anastomotic clefts lined with flattened cells giving a pseudo-vascular appearance [1], it is a rare pathological entity that manifests itself most often in perimenopausal patients. It poses a differential diagnostic problem with fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor or hamartoma and it is the histology that confirms the diagnosis. We describe through a series of studies and also through our case the clinical, histological and therapeutic particularity of these tumors.

Background: A major challenge to antiretroviral therapy is poor adherence by the patients due to the multiplicity of drugs involved. For effective outcome of therapy, a 95% adherence is advocated in patients on ARV drugs. Objectives: Study sought to evaluate the factors that affect the adherence to their prescribed medications by people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the capital city of Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study using pretested questionnaire was used to collect information on adherence among HIV adult patients. Socio-demographic factors were evaluated as possible factors associated with adherence. Reasons for missing medications were also obtained and described. Results: Participants comprised of 109 (31.8%) males and 231 (67.3%) females (mean age 37.3 ± 8.9) years. Study revealed a poor level (58%) of adherence among participants. Patient factors (forgetfulness, personal travels and work schedule), were major reasons given for missing their medications. Others are economic (lack of transport, poverty) and socio-cultural (stigma, spiritual) factors. Social support in the form of treatment supporter was found to be a significant (p<0.05) positive influencing factor to adherence by patients as well as disclosure of status to spouse. Conclusion: Strategies to improve adherence should be focused on the ways to address the negative influencing factors. Improved awareness in terms of counselling, education and orientation of the patients is strongly advocated. Social support systems (family, community, treatment supporter) and societal acceptance of PLWHIV should be put in place to encourage adherence.

Skin Pigmentation is a phenomenon in which the accumulation of melanin occurs due to various factors and leads to skin tanning and other skin disorders. Now a day’s human beings are more conscious about quality of life and appearance. With this fascination towards various skin whitening or glowing agents is gaining more adherences. While synthetic chemicals approved as skin whitening agents have got the due recognition in market, the possible adverse effects on sensitive skin creates a question regarding their use. The natural plant extracts available as tyrosinase inhibitors are mostly phenolic entities. In this review the inhibitory effect of phenolic compound and flavonoids on tyrosinase enzyme using molecular simulations is studied. The insilico study of flavonoids helps to predict the mechanism of inhibition as well as identification of potential natural tyrosinase inhibitors. This review is oriented to understand the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of an array of phenolic compounds with emphasis on flavonoids to explain how position of the substituents and their interaction with the enzyme can be correlated for the efficacy against the tyrosinase activity.

The age of Bara-Bhyuian (1576-1612) or reign of the twelve landlords of the East region of Bengal is a famous chapter in Bangladesh's history. According to the historical investigation of Abdul Karim, the article aims at exploring about forming of a series of military resistance and struggle of Bara-Bhyuian against Mughal imperial power those newly emerged from northern India and subsequently captured their jurisdiction all over the Indian subcontinent along with Bengal territory. Historically it was a fact that the Twelve Zamindars waged an armed struggle for many years to keep their homeland free from colonial imperialist power. Unfortunately, the glorious chapter of this Bara-Bhuiyans was not highlighted properly by the historians for a long time. Even their identity and subjugated areas were not explored and recognized since many centuries rather than the time been obscured and uncovered in Bengal by either native or alien scholars. On the contrary, historians didn’t concentrate the time accordingly what the period deserves from the scholars. So, Abdul Karim was the pioneer for the first time among historians who took the chapter as one of the vital focal place of Bengal history during Mughal expansion. Thus, the paper seeks to prove that what contribution marked by Abdul Karim about Bara-Bhuiyans in the sacrifices and struggles they waged to liberate their independent motherland that have inspired every freedom struggle so far.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the implementation of village fund policies in Hamalau, Sungai Raya District, and Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. The informants in this study were the Sungai Raya subdistrict government, the Hamalau village government, and the Hamalau village community leaders. Data collection techniques used in this study was direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The research instruments used in this study were interview guidelines and documentation guidelines. Data collection methods in this research are transect walks, interviews with several informants, and supporting documents which include village development planning documents and reports on the realization of the use of village budgets. The location of this research is in Hamalau Village, Sungai Raya District, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency. The results showed that the realization of village funds for the 2016 fiscal year was still in the low category. That is the impact of the less than the optimal implementation of the development project due to the unsatisfactory performance of the Hamalau village head in implementing development with his instructional leadership style.

The post-traumatic right diaphragmatic hernia associated with liver dislocation often goes unnoticed because it complicates violent trauma, but most times remains asymptomatic. It is recommended discussing systematically the diagnostic in case of closed abdominal chest trauma or after a bladed weapon wound in order to prevent its serious complications. We report two cases of post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia associated with a liver luxation compiled in our service.

This study aims to analyze and provide an overview of the implementation of village fund management in Hamak Utara Village, Telaga Langsat District, and Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency and to identify factors that influence the implementation of village fund policies in North Hamak Village. The research method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The informants in this study were the head of the sub-district and the technical head of Telaga Langsat sub-district, village assistants and village local assistants, village heads and village officials, Hamak Utara village consultative bodies, RT / RW in North Hamak village, and Hamak Utara village community. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observations, and documents, and archives. The data analysis techniques used in this study were data reduction, data classification, data processing, and data inference. The results showed that the implementation of village fund management in North Hamak Village was running according to the provisions, but there were several obstacles in terms of budget implementation and absorption. Communication, attitudes, resources, and bureaucratic structures influence the implementation of village fund management in Hamak Utara Village, Telaga Langsat District.

Banjar Regency through the Banjar Regent Regulation No. 8/2016 on reducing the Use of Plastic Bags is the first Regency to make arrangements to reduce the use of plastic bags. However, after the implementation of the Perbup, there has been no significant change to the accumulation of plastic waste in Banjar Regency. In fact, plastic waste takes a very long time to decompose, so it has a bad impact on the environment for a long time. This shows the need for a study on the effectiveness of Perbup. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Perbup on reducing the use of plastic bags. The type of research used is qualitative with an exploratory method through an inductive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations were made at the Final Disposal Site (TPA), 23 modern market places, and 14 local traditional market places. The results showed that the implementation of Perbup has not been effective in reducing the use of plastic bags, and has not been optimal because it is still in the socialization and supervision stages. There has been no firm action in the form of fines or sanctions for violators of these regulations.

This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of bottom-up planning and supporting factors as well as inhibiting factors for the implementation of bottom-up planning village development planning through Musrenbangdes in Tumbang Tariak village, Kurun District, Gunung Mas Regency. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research approach with a descriptive-analytic type. While the data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the model developed by Miles and Hubermen, namely interactive analysis. The informants in this study were 1) village head and village secretary tumbang tariak, 2) head of BPD, 3) sub-district head, 4) head of government, head of PMD, and head of ekobang of kurun sub-district, and 5) traditional leaders, community leaders, youth leaders and from representatives of women from the village of Tumbang Tariak. The results showed that the implementation of bottom-up planning village development through Musrenbangdes in the preparation and determination of the village medium-term development plan (RPJM Des) and the village government work plan (RKP Des) in the village of Tumbang Tariak, Kurun District has been running effectively as seen from the aspect of productivity. Aspects of efficiency and aspects of satisfaction (output) with the results of village development planning activities.

Oral Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease of autoimmune origin having a prevalence of 0.02 percent in India and affecting women more [1]. It is a perplexing condition and poses dilemma to the dentist in providing the apt treatment to the patient. Though various treatment modalities are available steroids is the most commonly prescribed, Bio stimulation (Low Level Laser therapy) has been found to provide pain relief. Recently Platelet concentrates have been researched of which injectable form (i-PRF) has been found to be promising. The beneficial effects of bio stimulation and i-PRF have not yet been studied. So, an effort was made to combine both to achieve a successful, non-invasive technique has been reported in this case report. There was improvement in Oral manifestation and Quality of life of the Patient

This study aims to determine the superior commodity of plantation crops in the agricultural, forestry and fishery business fields as well as to what extent the ratio of income per capita of North Barito Regency and income per capita of superior sector farmers of plantation crops in North Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. This research uses secondary data analysis method with literature study. Secondary data is in the form of production data, the number of household heads who have tried on plantation crop commodities and other supporting data in the last five years. The data analysis technique used in this research is Location Quotient (LQ) analysis as well as analysis of plantation crop farmers' per capita income and analysis of income per capita in North Barito Regency. Based on the results of the study showed that the superior plantation crops based on production were rubber, coffee, areca nut, cocoa, and candlenut. Meanwhile, based on the planted area, namely rubber, areca nut, cocoa, and candlenut. Based on the comparison of plantation crop farmers 'income per capita to PDRB per capita in North Barito Regency, there is a huge imbalance, farmers' per capita income is lower than PDRB per capita. This shows that the welfare of farmers is very low.

Stem cells are special kind of cell from an embryo, foetus or adult, capable of renewing itself under certain conditions and of becoming specialised cells that make up the different tissues and organs of the body. They may be isolated from embryos, umbilical cords and adult tissues. Stem cells from embryos can treat many diseases but they are extremely dangerous and unpredictable. However, this power and versatility of these cells to produce different cell types has medical applications in cell therapies. Embryonic stem cell are harvested but this requires the destruction of human embryos, which is considered immoral and unethical, thus becoming contentious and giving rise to ethical controversies. However, stem cells isolated from adult tissues and created from skin cells addresses these issues. Most recently, they have been produced by reprogramming skin cells, an advance revolutionizing this field. Stem cell therapies have great potential. Stem cells provide an ideal model for studying the development of an organism and have the ability to replace damaged cells in the body that would otherwise not be replenished.

Corona virus pandemic has certainly become one of the most challenging diseases ever to come to light in the history of humankind affecting from individual level to national level worldwide affecting every aspect of life. To decrease the mortality rate in coronavirus patients, the most significant role is played by early interventions when the virus is in its initial stages. To achieve this, various imaging techniques are employed out of which vascular ultrasonography is one of the most important ones. Although a little light has been shed so far on the mechanisms regarding the coagulopathies caused by Corona virus, it is without a doubt one of the hottest topics in the scientific community these days. The virus enters the body by interacting with angiotensin converting enzyme receptors which are present in different areas of the body like lungs, heart, arteries, and kidneys. The virus Interacts with endothelial cells becoming a cause for their activation and consequently initiating the coagulation system. Arterial thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis-induced coagulopathy, etc. are the complications caused by the virus and are the reason for mortality in severe cases of coronavirus. Vascular ultrasonography enables us to stop the virus in its tracks long before it can become fatal, ultimately helping us in decreasing the mortality rate significantly.