The study aimed to explore the prevalence of bruxism in pregnant patients in public dental hospital of Lahore. This survey research was conducted in Public sector dental hospital by collecting data from 75 pregnant patients. Percentages were calculated to explore the prevalence of bruxism among pregnant patients. From data analysis, it was revealed that patients coming to the public dental hospital who had the history of bruxism before pregnancy were 50.7% whereas it rose to 67% who experience bruxism during pregnancy. In conclusion, this showed that pregnancy changes also elevate the bruxism experiences.

This study aimed to explore the difference of teeth hypersensitivity and attrition among young and elderly patients of bruxism in Lahore. Data of 80 participants was collected using convenient sampling technique for this crossectional study. Chi-square test was used to explore the difference teeth hypersensitivity and attrition among young and elderly patients of bruxism. The results of chi-square revealed a significant difference of teeth hypersensitivity among young and elderly patients with bruxism (X2= 13.653, P<.001). Among young patients with bruxism, 34% had teeth hypersensitivity as compared to the elderly patients with bruxism which were 66%. Age wise significant difference was also found among patients of bruxism in terms of attrition (X2= 30.0, P<.001). Tooth attrition was found in 12.5% young patients with bruxism whereas in elderly patients, 87.5% of the sample was having teeth attrition. In conclusion, the age wise difference of teeth attrition and teeth hypersensitivity among patients of bruxism was to be significantly different.

Background: Infection is a major health problem in orphanage centers and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality among residents. Health education is an essential component of infection control and should be offered to all children and their caregivers. The aim of current study: to evaluate the effect of a health education program about infection control on practice of caregivers & on infection rates in Mygoma orphanage center. Materials and methods: An Intervention study (Quasi-experimental: pre and posttest design for the same group). The study was conducted in Mygoma orphanage center in Khartoum state. The study sample consisted of 92 caregivers. Data were collected using a checklist to measure practice and laboratory investigations. The intervention program included infection control lectures, handouts, posters, and attention to environmental cleaning and disinfection. Compliance with these measures was monitored and recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: the study showed significant differences were found regarding correct practices between the pretest and posttest (P < 0.05) also the study revealed that, the swab for culture and sensitivity, in food table the isolated organisms were staph 23.1%, E coli 7.7%, Protus 7.7%, Bacillus 7.7%. and klebseilla 15.4% at pretest investigation, while at posttest the isolated organisms were staph 15.4%, and klebseilla 7.7%. In diapering table, the isolated organisms were staph 15.4%, E coli 30.7%, Protus 7.7%, klebseilla 15.4% and Pseudomonas 7.7% at pretest investigation, while at posttest measurement the isolated organisms were E coli 15.4% and klebseilla 7.7%. Conclusion: The study concluded that educational and environmental infection control program had a significant impact related to the improvement of the caregiver's practice skills and decrease in infection rates post application of the program.

This study analyzes the effect of gender diversification in top management and intellectual capital on financial performance proxied by ROA and its impact on firm value in the financial sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2018. This study uses secondary data from the company's annual reports which are taken from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the company's official website. The number of companies studied was 87 out of 99 companies with purposive sampling and observations made were for 2017 to 2018 so that the total number of observations was 174 samples. Data were analyzed using path analysis with the SPSS application.

Introduction: Hyperferritinemia occurs in several medical conditions. The most prevalent underlaying causes are kidney and liver diseases, infections and tumors. The objective of our study was to establish the epidemiological profile of hyperferritinemia among patients consulting cases who attends the Military Hospital Moulay Ismail of Meknes. Materials and methods: In this study, we have enrolled all patients whose blood level of ferritin are above 600µg/l measured on Cobas® 6000 Analyzer, during a period of 12 months. Results: A total of 413 patients had values greater than 600 μg/l, which corresponds to a percentage of 7.37%. The average age was 44 years ± 8 years (18-70). The H/F sex ratio was 1.27. The mean rate of ferritin serum level was 1123 µg/l. Patients with hyperferritinemia were mostly outpatients in 76.7% of cases. Referred patients comes from internal medicine department (9.4%), nephrology (7%), gastrology (3.2%), oncology (2.7%), endocrinology and hematology (2.4%), dermatology (1.9%) and rheumatology (1.2%). The distribution of etiologies was as following: infections (56%), nephropathies (31.5%), systemic diseases (17.5%), liver diseases (15%), diabetes (8.5%), hemopathies (7.5%), hemochromatosis (7%) and neoplasia (5%). More than the half of patients (57%) had multiple causes simultaneously. The most common causes associations in patients with hyperferritinemia were respectively: infections-nephropathies (24%), infections-systemic diseases (14%) and infections-nephropathies-diabetes (6.5%). Discussion and Conclusion: Infections and kidney diseases dominated the etiological spectrum of hyperferritinemia in our population. However, the underlying causes remain various, which makes hyperferritinemia a poor specific marker for disease diagnosis.

Data protection and transparency are highly recommended modern approaches for any transaction domain. The proposed layer model will provide an improved and secure approach for transporting of goods using crypto currencies and excluding intermediate parties. Paper gives temporarily overview of crypto currency, logistics movement channels, block chain evaluation, challenges, types, applications and layer model that shows movements of good from scratch (source) to delivery (client destination) through secured transactions medium, excluding intermediate parties (banks etc.) storing signatures in distributed ledger.

E-commerce or electronic commerce indicates such an industry where business activities take place over electronic systems. This is now a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh which is influencing local and international trade in a greater extent. As e-commerce practicing is now a very common phenomenon in our daily life, it is important to understand the key issues in building relationships with customers on the internet. Trust is supposed to be the key to these relationships. This research identifies a number of key factors related to trust and risk perception of the customers in the context of e-commerce through binary logistic regression model. Cronbach's alpha is used to test the reliability of scale used in the questionnaire. Kano model analyzes the factors that might be concerned to upgrade the satisfaction level of the customers. The findings in this research suggest that customer’s trust levels and risk perception are likely to be influenced by their age, experience of using internet, internet using purpose, and market orientation. Focusing on social risk, improving responsiveness towards customers, and ensuring technological security are the factors that mostly determine the customers’ satisfaction to e-commerce.

N-heterocyclic carbene boranes (NHC-boranes) are a new kind of compounds which have characteristic structures, luxuriant chemical properties, and preparation with a simple method. They can be widely utilized in various organic synthetic chemical reactions. As practical synthetic reagents or intermediates, it has now attracted attention. In order to show that the status of NHC-boranes in organic synthesis cannot be ignored, this article reviews the structural characteristics, preparation methods and typical chemical reactions of NHC-boranes. We hope that this review can attract more attention, promote the development of synthetic organic chemistry, and apply them to a wider range of areas.

Beta-coronavirus, which caused Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2 Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), a major respiratory outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is now prevalent in many countries around the world. Identifying PCR-based viruses is a well-known and relatively stable protocol. So diagnosis is very important for early identification of disease and to prevent further spread. In this study, we evaluated the power of a conventional RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 by two different genes. Material and Methods: We did comparative analysis for RNA dependent RNA Polymerase (Rdrp gene) and Spike (S gene by) RTPCR. We took Two hundered Seventy four (274) Nasopharangeal samples came from different hospitals of Najran zone and run samples in three runs in three different runs and we did comparative analysis of Rdrp gene using Ko gene kit and S gene using Altona kit. Results: Analysis was done Qualitatively. We compared Rdrp gene with S gene. We find Sensitivity-100 % and Specificity-96%.In Second run Sensitivity was 100%, Specificity was 98%. In third run Sensitivity and Specificity was 100%.So by comparative analysis of Rdrp and S gene showed that diagnosis by Rdrp gene is more sensitive and specific than S gene. Conclusion: Detection of Rdrp gene for SARS CoV2 is more sensitive and specific than Sgene.But diagnosis by Symptoms, Serology, Chest X-Ray and Chest CT Scan gives additional help.

Post-partum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality, ranging from 18 to 50% of deaths worldwide. The puerperal hematoma is an unusual cause (also called peri-genital thrombi) with a frequency of 1/1000. They are formed in a paravaginal, paracervical or parametrial connective detachment, after vascular lesions. There are many favorable factors: primiparity, instrumental extraction, macrosomia, multiple pregnancies, vulvovaginalvarices, difficult hemostasis, coagulation anomalies, and prolonged dilation. The “active” treatment of puerperal hematoma is based on surgery and/or arterial embolization.

The present study was conducted invitro to evaluate the acute toxicity of a broad spectrum neonicotinoid, imidacloprid used by farmers contently to control piercing-sucking pests in the paddy fields of Kuttanad, a part of the Vembanad wetland ecosystem which is a Ramsar site of international importance in the state of Kerala, India, to various life stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, a commercially important indigenous prawn of Kuttanad. The median tolerance limit (LC50) were calculated using the observations made on the mortality of prawns exposed to 5 different concentrations between the No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) of biocides for a period of 96 h. LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of imidacloprid was determined by probit analysis using SPSS version 16.0. The study revealed that the 96 h LC50 concentrations for imidacloprid as 0.009, 5.0234 and 42.611 mg/l in post-larvae (0.041 ± 0.02 g), juvenile (3.5 ± 1.5 g) and adult (17.5 ± 2.5 g), respectively of M. rosenbergii. Based on the LC50 values, safe concentrations found out for imidacloprid using Hart’s formula were 0.002, 1.000 and 15.138 mg/l, in post-larvae, juvenile and adult M. rosenbergii, respectively. The field application concentration of imidacloprid is 0.003 mg/l which is 3 times higher than the safe concentration of imidacloprid in post-larvae, whereas it is lower than the safe concentration in juvenile and adult M. rosenbergii. The results revealed that the application of imidacloprid in the paddy fields of Kuttanad has a lethal effect on post-larvae of M. rosenbergii causing a threat to the existence of species in its homeland.

Dengue fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) is an acute viral disease transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito- Aedes aegypti. The dengue virus causes significant morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world, including India where it was first isolated in Calcutta, West Bengal during 1945. This study was conducted to know the seroprevalence of Dengue virus in a tertiary care hospital, Gujarat.Methods: Blood for serological studies are carefully collected taking due universal precautions from suspected DF/DHF cases (a) as soon as possible after hospital admission or attendance. All the patients were screened for Dengue NS1 and anti-dengue IgM antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). The study period was 6 months from June 2020 to December 2020.Results: From a total of 6238 serum samples 2764 tested for Dengue NS1 and IgM, 2764 (44.3%) were positive. 1606 (58.1%) were only NS1 positive and 1158 (41.9%) were IgM positive. Conclusion: Surveillance is prerequisite for monitoring the dengue situation in the area and should be carried out regularly for early detection of an impending outbreak and to initiate timely preventive and control measures. [Int J Res Med Sci 2013; 1(4.000): 448-500]

Background: Anxiety and delayed recovery are common challenges after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Preoperative counseling may improve perioperative outcomes by reducing psychological distress and promoting recovery. This study evaluated the role of preoperative counseling in reducing anxiety, alleviating postoperative pain, stabilizing hemodynamic parameters, and shortening hospital stay in CABG patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January 2015 to June 2015. Fifty patients scheduled for elective CABG were enrolled, with 25 assigned to the counseling group and 25 to the control group (routine care). Anxiety was assessed using the State Anxiety Questionnaire, pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), hemodynamics were monitored perioperatively, and hospital stay was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS-19. Results: Baseline demographics were comparable between groups. Postoperative anxiety scores were significantly lower in the counseling group (41.44 ± 4.73) compared with controls (56.20 ± 3.30, p<0.001). VAS pain scores were consistently lower in the counseling group across postoperative days 0–4, with the greatest difference on POD 2 (2.92 vs. 3.96). Counseling also contributed to a more stable heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the counseling group (10.56 ± 0.50 vs. 12.68 ± 0.74 days, p<0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative counseling reduces postoperative anxiety and pain, enhances hemodynamic stability, and shortens recovery after CABG. Incorporating counseling into routine care may improve surgical outcomes.

Financial crisis is a phenomenon, which many researchers, writers, and organizations concern with it, therefore, this paper discusses the factors that cause a financial and economic crisis in Sudan. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the real factors that cause the economic and financial crisis in Sudan. This paper depends on the literature review and uses a descriptive approach to portray the main real causes of the economic and financial crisis in Sudan. To collect data and information, the investigator uses secondary data sources such as books, references, journals, the internet, newspapers, articles, reports, and other documents that are related to the topic. The findings of this paper represent four points namely; firstly, the initial reason number one that contributed to Sudan's financial crisis is the separation of South Sudan, secondly, the American economic sanctions against Sudan, thirdly the civil war and conflict in the west and new South Sudan. (South Kordofan), in addition to the corruption in its different shapes.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney, and accurate preoperative diagnosis is critical for treatment planning. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is frequently used for RCC diagnosis, but its correlation with histopathological findings is not fully explored, especially in Bangladeshi patients. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between CT scan findings and histopathological diagnosis in RCC. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka, from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. A total of 150 patients diagnosed with RCC based on CT scans and confirmed by nephrectomy and histopathological analysis were included. CT scans were assessed for tumor size, morphology, necrosis, calcifications, and lymph node involvement. Histopathological diagnoses were compared with preoperative CT findings to evaluate diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and concordance. Results: Among the 150 patients, 68.7% had clear cell RCC, and 59.3% of tumors showed solid masses with necrosis on CT. The concordance rate between CT scans and histopathology was 92%, with false positive and false negative rates of 4% and 2.7%, respectively. Tumor size greater than 4 cm was observed in 78.7% of cases, and 28% of patients had lymph node involvement. Conclusion: CT scans demonstrated a high correlation with histopathological findings in RCC diagnosis. This supports the use of CT scan as an accurate tool for preoperative assessment, aiding in treatment decisions.