This study investigated how carbamate and pyrethroid pesticide residues added to cocoa soil through agricultural activities related to the concentrations of pesticide residues in Owena river, Ondo State, Nigeria. Extractions from soil/sediment and water samples were obtained through ultrasonic bath extraction and liquid-liquid extraction respectively. The samples were analyzed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometry detector. The total mean carbamate pesticide residues level in dry season in the soil and sediment samples were 1.01±0.29µg/g and 2.45±2.38µg/g respectively. Their wet season level were 0.78±0.05µg/g and 0.76 ±0.15µg/g. The dry season pyrethroid pesticide residues level in the soil, sediment and water were 2.61 ±1.87µg/g,1.20±1.33µg/g and < 0.01µg/L respectively. Their wet season observation were 0.70 ±0.25µg/g and 0.42 ± 0.25µg/g for soil and sediment respectively. However, these pollutants were not found in the treated water.The mean level of these pollutants in the soil and surface water were below the former Nigerian Federal Environment Protection Agency maximum residue limit while their level in some of the sediment samples were higher than EU limit. This study, therefore, concluded that the soil, sediment and surface water in the study area were contaminated with carbamate and pyrethroid pesticide residues associated with cocoa farming around the river basin, although the treated water from the State water Works is safe for drinking. Therefore,the study recommended proper legislation and enforcement of laws on the control of these contaminants.

American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States of America indirectly, through an arrangement known as the Electoral College system. The U.S. Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, Clause 2, as amended by the 12th Amendment in 1803, together with a series of implementing federal statutes, provides the broad framework through which electors are appointed and by which they cast votes for the President and Vice President. However, the Constitution says nothing about how the states should allot their electoral votes. The winner- take-all was the choice of the majority of the States. Presently, 48 states and the District of Columbia (Maine and Nebraska are the exceptions, having adopted the district system) have adopted the winner-take-all method of allocating electors. Under this method, the slate of electors, representing the presidential and vice presidential ticket that wins a plurality of votes in a state is elected on Election Day in November, and later meets in mid-December as the Electoral College to cast all of the state’s electoral ballots for the winning presidential and vice presidential candidates. This electoral system has proved undemocratic in modern time. The objective of this paper is to shed light on the limits of the American presidential electoral system which is no more in accordance with the ideals of the democracy today. Through historicism and Marxism theories, investigations have shown that some candidates can get a majority of the popular votes but fail under the winner- take-all conundrum. More importantly, the system has generated a dangerous geographical separation with red and blue territories in the same United States. The compromises and ideals of 1787 constitutional convention are rather outmoded for the 21st century democracy.

This study was conducted to assess the influence of epidemiological risk factors in the formation of renal calculi, their compositionand association with urinary tract infections (UTI) among the ethnic population of Khammam district, Telangana state. This study included 56 subjects attending the urology department, Mamata General Hospital, Khammam. Out of 56 patients with renal calculi, 50 are male, 46 from rural areas, 22 were farmers and 26 were manual labor. Twenty six belonged to socioeconomically lower middle class, 38 were non-vegetarians and 47 were consuming bore/tank water. Results of this study suggest a significant association between all the epidemiological risk factors viz., gender, residence, occupation, socio economic status, diet, and source of water and formation of renal calculi. Structural analysis of stones demonstrated that 78.6% of stones were mixed. Overall, calcium oxalate as pureor mixed with otherchemicals was the main component of stones matrix, seen in 38 (67.9%) patients. In this study, struvite is present in 21.4% of the stones. Thirty (53.6%) of 56 urine specimens were culture positive and 26 (46.4%) were sterile. All the positive urine cultures yielded a single organism and 26of 30 isolates were positive for urease enzyme. Klebsiella was the most common organism and was isolated from 16 (28.6%) urine samples. Results suggest that there is a significant association between UTI and renal calculi formation.

The work is a quantitative research. It examines how health status of rural low income reproductive age women in Emohua Kingdom in Rivers State Nigeria can result to growth in agriculture of the people and Rivers State at large. The respondents are 60 rural reproductive age women who are farmers from the area. Similarly, related literature was reviewed. Thereafter, data were collected. The collected data were analyzed using simple percentage and Chi-square. At the end of the analysis, it was revealed that malaria, typhoid, diarrhea is among the common health challenges and that these negatively affect their agriculture production level. Based on this, the work recommends repositioning of Primary Health Care which should include free medical care for rural farmers, the establishment of health-agriculture policy that can stimulate both sectors simultaneously among others.

Introduction: Eclampsia is an extremely severe form of preeclampsia characterized by sudden onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures responsible for 17–30% maternal mortality and 22% perinatal mortality. Since then, MgSO4 has been proven to more than halve the risk of occurrence of eclampsia in women with preeclampsia and of recurrence in women with eclampsia. Material and Methods: This is a Prospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Teaching Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad over a period of 1 year. Eclamptic patients who got admitted in department of obstetrics and gynecology. Standard principles of management of eclampsia will be followed. Patients are divided into two groups as cases & control alternatively. Groups are chosen based on inclusion & exclusion criteria. Group I Control will follow Pritchard standard regimen. Group II Cases will receive low dose magnesium sulphate regimen. Result: Among low dose and standard regime groups about 11.4% & 17.1% each had previous history of PIH. Among low dose group, 15% were intra uterine deaths, 20% needed NICU admissions, 10% were early neonatal deaths and none were perinatal deaths. Among standard regime group, 20% were intra uterine death, 30% were NICU admissions, 25% were early neonatal deaths &10% were perinatal deaths. The average birth weight among low dose and standard group was 2.18kgs and 2.02kgs respectively. The mean APGAR score at 5 minutes was 7.21 among low dose and 6.4 among standard regimen. There is no major correlation in both groups with respect to fetal outcome. Conclusion: The occurrence of eclampsia in two groups was more common in the age range of 20 to 26 years among the primigravida and with previous history of PIH. There is no major difference in the outcome of maternal and fetal in both groups. Nonetheless the magnesium levels among low dose group are significantly lower in comparison with standard regimen group. In cases and controls the magnesium levels are maintained in normal therapeutic range. Low dose regimen is better alternative to control seizures in eclamptic patients.

In a knowledge generation process, not only the design of the instruments that allow obtaining the data to comply with the objectives of any investigation is important, but it is vital that these instruments are validated so that the final result of the interpretation of the results provide greater confidence in the conclusions, granting scientific validity to the study. Care must be taken in relation to ethical treatment in the field work of research, for which the existence of an Ethics Committee is of the utmost importance since, among other actions, it contributes to the protection of the rights of individuals and of the communities participating in the research project, ensuring the respect and care of people, living beings and the environment, which is part of the research. The nature of the research was qualitative, non-experimental, descriptive, transeccional design. The way in which the information was collected for the research was bibliographic. As a result it will be mentioned that it is necessary to consider that the field work requires trust, patience and security in the acceptance of the participants, capacity of adaptation and acceptance of the facts, versatility, to obtain the necessary data, persistence in the comparison of the data obtained and decision to overcome the confusion. It is vital that the instruments designed are properly validated to give scientific certainty to the results obtained.

Introduction: Blood is an essential therapeutic need, as there is no genuine substitution. Blood transfusion saves many lives in cases of emergency, and is of more concern to transfuse safe blood to avoid further complications mainly transfusion-transmissible infections transfusion-transmissible infections (TTI‟s). In existence of World Health Organization (WHO) approved national hemovigilance protocols in different regions, blood transfusion carries a high risk for both patients and healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study was carried at Tertiary Care Teaching hospital on consecutive blood donors‟ records covering the period between September 2019 and August 2020. This blood bank is the center where an effective blood banking system is catering for all the blood needs of patients in the hospitals of this region. Blood samples were collected aseptically by venipuncture from the donors. The samples were analyzed for blood group, HIV-1 & 2, HBV, HCV, VDRL and Malaria following standard procedures. Result: In this study, of the 983 samples, 964 were males and 19 females, which correspond to 98.1% of male and the rest female. The maximum number of patients were in the age group of 18-30 years which were 69.8% (n =687) of total followed by age group 31–50 years having 30.0% (n = 30) in this group and 0.10% were 51-70 years. In this study, the most of donors had „O‟ Blood Group 48.7% (n =479) and least were AB Blood Group 6.5% (n = 64) in this study. The seroprevalence of HIV positive cases were 0.81%, HBV positive cases were 0.91%, HCV positive cases were 0.30%, VDRL positive cases were 0.71% and Malarial Parasite 2.3%. Conclusion: The low prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, VDRL and Malaria observed in present study may be due to awareness of donors, strict donor selection criteria and affective screening of the donors.

The rise of generative AI has introduced powerful capabilities in content creation but has also surfaced complex legal, ethical, and privacy risks, particularly in the deployment of synthetic media. Traditional DevOps pipelines, while optimized for automation and speed, lack the built-in mechanisms necessary for handling these emerging compliance challenges. This paper proposes a compliance-aware DevOps framework that integrates legal risk management, data privacy controls, and model governance throughout the AI development and deployment lifecycle. Drawing upon a structured literature analysis of secondary sources, the study outlines a methodology for embedding regulatory compliance and ethical oversight directly into CI/CD workflows. Visual models are used to compare traditional and compliance-aware architectures, analyze implementation stages, and map challenges across technical and legal domains. The evaluation reveals that compliance-aware DevOps significantly enhances traceability, privacy assurance, and model accountability without impeding deployment efficiency. However, challenges such as regulatory fragmentation, lack of standardized metrics, and toolchain silos remain. This work presents a future-facing roadmap that emphasizes automation, interoperability, and adaptive risk management to support the responsible deployment of GenAI at scale.

Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) is a non-legal entity such as a Limited Liability Company. However, the existence of a business entity does not reduce its rights, and obligations as a company recognized by the government, and business community in particular. CV is established based on the deed of the establishment made before a Notary and registered with the Minister through the Business Entity Administration System. With the provisions that the business activities of the CV must be following the 2017 Indonesian Standard Business Classification. The authority of the Notary is given by Law to make absolute evidentiary devices or tools, and therefore the authentic deed is in essence considered correct.

Patient handoffs between the Operating Room (OR) and Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) are critical for ensuring continuity of care and patient safety. However, these transitions often occur under high-stress conditions and are prone to communication breakdowns, contributing to adverse events and medical errors. This review highlights the significance of standardized communication frameworks, such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation), in mitigating these risks. Evidence suggests that structured handoffs improve information accuracy, reduce errors, and enhance patient outcomes. Despite these benefits, barriers such as human factors, systemic inefficiencies, and resistance to change persist. Recommendations include targeted training, technological integration, and fostering a handoff culture emphasizing clear communication. Future research should focus on long-term impacts of standardized frameworks and explore innovative solutions like AI for optimizing handoff processes.

This article is aimed at evaluating and comparison various scenarios of corporate income tax, individual income tax (personal income tax) and value added tax in listed below seven post-Soviet Union republics: Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Ukraine, Republic of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova. For many decades, economists from the European Union and the United States have regularly discussed such problems as building optimal tax systems, greening taxation, the effectiveness of tax reforms and others. Economists of the post-Soviet space in the 90s of the last century did not have such opportunity. At the same time, there was a very high need for scientific substantiation of the tax reforms being carried out in these countries. To fill this scientific gap, two economists Igor Mayburov from Russia and Yury Ivanov from Ukraine convened the first tax symposium in the post-Soviet space in 2009. Since then, the tax symposium has been annually held in different cities and brought together leading tax specialists from different countries. Each symposium has its own thematic focus, dedicated to the most relevant aspect of taxation for the post-Soviet countries. This scientific focus is declared one and a half years before the symposium. Symposium participants conduct research and thematic monographs are prepared for each symposium. XI International Symposium "Theory and Practice of Tax Reforms", held June 30 - July 6 2019 in Tomsk on the basis of the Institute of Economics and Management of the National Research Tomsk State University. These kind of symposiums have a major aim to understand, explain and find some new solutions to make the taxation system of post-Soviet Union republics more and more developed.

This study was carried out to ascertain if economic governance and management brings about the attainment of sustainable business productivity in Nigeria. In this study, economic governance and management was utilized as the explained variable, while the various indicator variables of economic governance and management such as: Macro-economic Policies, Transparent, predictable and credible state economic policies, Sound Public Finance Management, Corruption and Money Laundering and Integration Policies were used as the explanatory variables. The research design used in this study was the cross-sectional survey design, associated with the deductive approach used for descriptive research purpose, which was used to model the impact of economic governance and management on sustainable business productivity in Nigeria. The findings elicited from this study revealed that economic governance and management was significant and played a key role in allowing businesses in Nigeria attain sustainable productivity within the scope of this study.

The author has recommended that for pairs of physical systems or qualities the method of energy exchange is studied, especially when the Cooper pairing can be applied.

Background: Smoking is a well-recognized risk factor of CAD, angiographic profile and traditional risk factors among smoker patients varies, along with their clinical presentation and outcome. Objective: This study has been conducted to focus on the angiographic profile of smoker patients presenting with CAD and to explore the prevalence of their additional of risk factors. Method: This study has been enrolled among 328 smoker patients with CAD presenting to ER of SSH-cardiac Center/ Erbil from Jan 2017 to March 2020. Results: The study population was composed of 320 males (97.6%) and 8 females (2.4%). The mean age was 39.07+12.3 years, with an age range of 20-75. The results showed that smoker patients with CAD had occlusive CAD (79.3%). The prevalence of most commonly occluded artery was LAD (43.8%) during CoA presenting with AWMI. The prevalence of risk factors was, Hypertension (37.8%), positive family history (40.2%), high levels of LDL (53.7%), Lowered levels of HDL (31.7%), elevated levels of TC (31.7%), elevated levels of TG (29.3%). It was noted that 29.3% were Diabetic, and according to the HbA1c levels, of 34.1% was diabetic, this clarifies that 4.8% of the smoker patients were undiagnosed DM (Newly diagnosed DM). Conclusion: Smoking is associated with the angiographic profile, traditional risk factors and their clinical outcomes. AWMI was mostly observed among smoker patients owing to LAD lesions.

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension and related factors among health-care employees in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done among health care professionals who work for the Ministry of Health's, Directorate of General Health Affairs in Najran, Saudi Arabia southern region. The study sample size was 200 and the data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Assessed the level of hypertension by checking blood pressure followed by determinants related to hypertension. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study's findings, the majority of medical staff (92%) and non-medical employees (88%) had pre-hypertension, and 88 (42%) medical and 80 (40%) non-medical staff had stage one hypertension, and 24 (12%) medical staff and 32 (16%) non-medical staff had stage two hypertension. BMI, junk food, family history of hypertension, smoking status, and physical activity all play a role in hypertension levels. Conclusion: The study's findings show that healthcare employees, regardless of their job description, suffer from a high rate of hypertension. Hypertension levels are strongly linked to determining factors such BMI, junk food, family history of hypertension, smoking status, and physical activity. Health-care professionals should have frequent medical checks, and effective health-promotion programs should be established to reduce the risk of hypertension and improve the health of health-care workers.