The aim of the research work is to assess the Purnus amygdalus gum for the potentiality of tablets binder / disintegrant excipient and potato starch was used as standard excipients. The gum was assessed for various tests. Ibuprofen was used as a model drug for the preparation of tablets. Totally eight batches were developed using various compositions. Pre-formulation and post formulation study were performed for the tablets. Also the tablets qualities were compared with innovator tablet. FTIR studies ruled out the drug excipient interaction. The hardness of the tablets were in the acceptable range. Disintegration time was ~4 minutes. Dissolution were between 70 – 89%. The results of the study describe that the Purnus amygdalus gum (PA ) could be alternative tablet excipients for potato starch.

This study aims to determine the weaknesses of regulations regarding child protection for persons with intellectual disabilities who are victims of sexual violence in Indonesia and to reconstruct the meaning of children in order to protect the rights of persons with intellectual disabilities who are victims of sexual violence in Indonesia. This study uses a constructivism paradigm based on literature review with juridical research methods. The results showed that the laws and regulations on child protection regarding the age limit of children are that it only refers to international conventions, without paying attention to the existing living laws in Indonesia, namely Customary Law and Islamic Law. Third, the reconstruction of mental age norms in the Child Protection Law can be further developed by making norms in the form of the draft of Article 1 point 1a that states that a child is someone whose mental age is under 18 (eighteen) years old according to a psychological expert's examination, for a person with intellectual disabilities as a victim of violence, the basis for the application of this norm is juridically existed in Article 28H paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution and socio-philosophically, through the theory of social justice developed by John Rawls with the principle of fair equality of opportunity.

vital not only to provide comprehensive care but also to enhance and promote competence. This study is a comparison between a general and a specialized hospital. Objectives: Measure knowledge, and skills among nurses in two different hospitals. Methods: A cross sectional survey questionnaire used for collecting data, 60 nurses from each hospital. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics, chi-square test used to compute association among variables, the p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically different. Result: There is no difference in skills and knowledge in most procedures except for some specific procedures. In addition, the load of work varies from hospital to others. Conclusion: Nursing, in both hospitals; showed having the required level skills and knowledge. However, continuous cross training directed to enhance some specific nursing procedures, regardless of the working hospital.

This is a quasi-experimental study to determine the internal administration of Acalypha indica leaves powder in management of cough. Cough is a natural reflex expulsive defense mechanism of the body, for clearing excess secretions or mucous or inhaled irritants or toxins or foreign substance in the respiratory tract it is the commonest symptom of respiratory diseases. Productive cough means a sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that effectively removes sputum from the respiratory tract and helps clear the airways, permitting air to reach the alveoli. The treatment of coughs is one area where the use of certain herbal remedies remains common today. In the Siddha system Acalypha indica herb is considered to be effective medicine for cough. This is an annual herb belongs to Family Euphorbiaceae. The researcher administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Fifty (50) clinically diagnosed productive cough patients were randomly selected at District Siddha Ayurveda Hospital, Kopalapura and symptoms were evaluated based on scoring system. Evaluation visit were made baseline on 7th, 14th, 21st , 40th day interval, after final assessment were observed after one week for getting information about recurrence of disease. The effect of treatment was evaluated on basis of changes of degree of symptoms after treatment.Statically highly significant improvement (p<0.000) in reduce of bouts of cough, sputum expulsion, throat irritation and nasal discharge.

Background: The incidence of caesarean section varies from hospital to hospital and from community to community and it is much more in tertiary care hospital because of referral from other centres. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the caesarean section rates by evaluating the indications as per modified Robsons criteria and to determine the area of concern that requires maximum focus to decrease the overall caesarean section rate. Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Result: Total number of deliveries for one year was 891. Out of them 162 were normal vaginal delivery and 729 were by caesarean section. Overall maximum caesarean section was contributed by group five Robsons criteria. Conclusion: Robsons ten group classification provides an easy way in collecting information about the indication of C/S and there by caesarean section rate. It is important that efforts to reduce the overall caesarean section rate should focus on reducing the primary caesarean section and increasing vaginal birth after the caesarean section.

Viruses as pathogens have ability to replicate in the particular host in order to damage their organs. Some bacterial pathogens cause lethal diseases associated with metabolisms. Bacteria also increase the rate of infection due to antibiotic resistance. There is need to design such drugs that control the specific targets of bacterial strains. Streptococcus type also causes the diseases associated with medical conditions such as pneumonia. Shigella as well as Salmonella also causing the diseases in food and food products. Pseudomonas syringae as one of the bacterial pathogens that attacks on the leaves as well as different parts of plants that finally damaged to whole plant. S. pneumoniae is the pathogenic bacterial strain that causes severe inflammation in the lungs by damaging to the lungs. E. coli as the type of bacterial pathogen that enter into the intestine of the human. It particularly stays here and multiplies to increase its infection to damage the specific parts of intestine. Chikungunya virus is spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of infection are fever and joint pain. The DENV genome is about 11000 bases of positive-sense, single stranded RNA (ssRNA) that codes for three structural proteins. At present, CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia® is the only approved vaccine, but potent inhibitors are currently under development.

Chondroidsyringoma is a rare benign skin tumor whose preferential location remains the craniofacial region. It is characterized by a double component; epithelial and mesenchymal. We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient with a polypoid-like tumor located in the middle thirds of the free edge of the right nostril wing. After surgical excision, the histology is in favor of a chondroidsyringoma. No recurrence was noted after a follow-up of 20 months.

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence regarding the influence of management characteristics and GCG on earnings quality, in the midst of the urgency of earnings quality information that is prone to conflict of interest, especially in state-owned companies today. This research is a quantitative research where the population is all state- owned companies in Indonesia which are listed on the website of State-Owned Entreprises (SOE) in 2016-2018. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling, and obtained 67 companies that meet the standards. The technique of collecting data is by taking information from the company's annual report so that the data source used is secondary data. The analysis method used is Eviews. The results showed that educational background, gender, and GCG had a positive effect on earnings quality. Meanwhile, tenure has a negative effect on earnings quality.

This study employed needs analysis approach to investigate EFL students’ needs to improve their writing skills. The data were collected from 28 EFL undergraduate students studying at the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, University of Zawia through the modality of questionnaire. The results suggested that the students believed that improving their writing skills is significant for their current study and their future career. The results also revealed that students needed to improve most of their writing skills and extending their knowledge about the writing aspects including content, organization, vocabulary, grammar, mechanics and others. These results implied that the students had limited knowledge of the necessary writing aspects, and they suffered lack of practicing writing in and outside their classrooms. Understanding the students’ needs to improve their writing skills, the study ended with suggestions and recommendations that might contribute in improving students’ writing skills.

Background: Birth weight is an indicator of the health status of a country. LBW remains a leading public health problem especially in developing country causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of nutritional status of mother influence neonatal outcome and the pregnant population admitted in labour ward of a tertiary level of public Hospital. Methods & Materials: It was a randomized cross-sectional study, conducted in Dhaka Medical College and Hospital of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology over a period of six months from January 2010 to June 2010. All women who were admitted to labour room with term pregnant (>37 wks), which was confirmed by early USG or LMP. The indicator low birth weight <2.5 kg of the infant was examined as an outcome variable in association with different socio-economic status, educational qualifications and occupation of mother and health-related other variables. Results: More than 53% of LBW neonates were born to mothers who were illiterate, whereas 18.5% of LBW neonates were born to mothers who were educated up to the primary level. Maternal education, as well as higher socio-economic condition, reduces the incidences of LBW which was statistically significant. Poor ANC was associated with LBW babies after adjusting for maternal age and parity. Most of the multi gravid women present with moderate anaemia and greater than 60% of anaemic patients were not regular ANC and a total of 23% no ANC at all. The adverse fetal outcomes in this study were 44.2%. Low birth weight 28.3% and NICU admission 5.8% were the most common adverse birth outcome overall study period. Conclusion & Recommendation: Every mother with poor nutritional status should be screened during the antenatal check-up and should be considered a high-risk pregnancy. For these mother’s special emphasis should be given to provide health and nutrition education.

Many countries, irrespective of the country's level of economic status, seek to initiate macroeconomic policies towards achieving better economic performance in order to advance level of business activities and economic growth. In order to achieve this, various policy strategies and interventions are applied in the process, although the outcomes are always different. While some of these policy interventions have culminated in the desired outcomes, others falter on the platter of ineptness. This article investigated the impact of the ‘Buy Zimbabwe’ campaign initiative on the performance of the manufacturing sector through capacity utilisation since its introduction by the Government of Zimbabwe in 2011. The study used a positivism research philosophy because epistemologically, it allowed the researcher to focus on discovering observable and measurable facts. The explanatory and analytical research design was used to gather the data. A sample size of 21 companies was put into strata composed of 8 companies in the first stratum and the other 13 companies in the second stratum. Data was collected from primary sources through structured interviews with managers of manufacturing companies. The key findings are that the ‘Buy Zimbabwe ’initiative had very little impact on capacity utilisation of manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe. The main challenges that limited the adoption of ‘Buy Zimbabwe’ campaign are shortage of raw materials, low demand, ageing equipment, low investment in the manufacturing sector, persistent foreign currency shortages, liquidity crisis, and poor access to finance. The study recommended that the Government of Zimbabwe should create an enabling economic, political, social and legal environment that is conducive for ‘Buy Zimbabwe’ initiative to produce the desired results as an import substitution.

The selection proper raw materials in the production of herbal formulation standardization plays essential role. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is the most exclusively cultivated and India is the second largest producer country next to Brazil. It has been used as a sweetening agent for past era and also chiefly in the form of refined sugar. The present study was focused on preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations for determining and establishing the identity, purity and quality of the plants. This will provide with an appropriate guidance for future exploration. The plant was subjected to determination of various physicochemical parameters including ash values (total ash, water soluble ash) and extractive values (alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive). The powdered crude drug was extracted successively with various solvents with increasing polarity and further the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the identification of various phytoconstituents. More over the fingerprint profile of Saccharum officinarum was established using thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods. The results of the TLC profiling of the extract confirm about the presence of various phytochemicals.

Crushed Glass (CG) is a recycled material obtained from crushing waste glass and has been established as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. However, this research investigated the performance evaluation of using CG as a stabilizing agent to improve lateritic soil for road pavement layers. The CG powder used is 75µm and classified as type GE according to the new standard ASTMC 1866/C1866M-20 passed in early 2020 [10]. An A-7-6(11)/CL lateritic soil sample was studied and classified using AASHTO and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). The soil was treated with CG in a stepped concentration of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 % of weight of dry lateritic soil. Atterberg limit tests were carried out on the soil and soil-CG samples. The properties of compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were also determined for the soil and soil-CG mixes using British Standard Light (BSL) compaction energy for the soil and soil-CG samples. Results show that, the liquid limit of the soil-CG mixture decreased with increase CG content, while the plastic limit increased with increase in CG content. The MDD and OMC also increased with increasing CG content, but up to 6% content, and then decreased with further increment in CG content. The soaked and unsoaked CBR values of the soil-CG mix are higher than the CBR value for the lateritic soil alone. These values are less than the specified minimum values of 30 and 80%, respectively, for road subbase and base courses. This implies that CG cannot be used as a “stand-alone” additive for soil stabilization. Also, the UCS of the lateritic soil and soil-CG mix increased with curing age and increasing CG content, and the soil-CG have higher UCS values than the lateritic soil alone. For instance, the UCS of lateritic soil, soil-CG mix with 4% and 12% CG at 7 days curing age are 259.69, 300.09 and 388.39 kN/m2, respectively. The values are correspondingly 441.59, 479.30 and 599.91KN/m2 at 28days curing age, a trend that can be attributed to time-dependent strength gain action of the CG, which is a type GE pozzolana. Again, the UCS values of the soil-CG mixtures though increase with increase in both the curing age and CG content are less than 1710 kN/m2, minimum specified as a criterion for adequate soil stabilization with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). This further confirmed that CG, a waste, cannot be used as a “stand-alone” stabilization agent but as an additive to supplement OPC, thereby reducing the cost of stabilization.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not stopped at national borders. It has affected people regardless of nationality, level of education, income or gender. But the same has not been true for its consequences, which have hit the most vulnerable hardest. The paper reviews the (a) existing information on corona virus illness (b) policy responses and (c) its impact on the individuals, economic activities, and atmosphere of India. The pandemic has magnified a way of worry and insecurity among individuals because of probable job and pay loss. Consequently, existence of the many sectors and employability of a large range of staff is at stake. Despite the economic lag, the internment has become a boon for the atmosphere to revive because of less pollution and reduced discharge of effluents to water from factories. The policy formulators ought to think about this as wakeup decision and thereby align the individuals, economy, and atmosphere strategically.

Background: The eye is supported to be the second organ to manifest drug toxicity following liver. Systemic drugs are frequently administered in persons of all age group ranging from children to the elderly for various disorders. There has been increased reporting of ocular side effects of various antipsychotic drugs in the past two decades. Psychiatrists, ophthalmologists and patients need to be aware of and prepared for any medication-induced toxic effect. Early prevention and intervention can avoid most of the serious and potentially irreversible ocular toxicities. Objective: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the occurrence of toxic ocular effects of antipsychotic drugs, evaluate intraocular pressure of chronic psychotic patients treated with psychiatric medications, correlate toxic ocular effects in patients treated with a variety of antipsychotics to duration of treatment. Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 chronic psychotic patients attending the Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College and Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh who on treatment of antipsychotic drugs for a period more than six months period with age group between20 - 60 years. Data was entered in MS Excel and Statistical analysis was done using SPSS trial version 22. Results: 14% of those patients were on typical therapy alone, 16% on atypical antipsychotic alone while 70% were on combined therapy. As regard lens opacity, 7% was suffered from lens opacity, six cases due to typical therapy while one cases due to atypical therapy. Intraocular pressure was manifested in 11% of all cases. Optic disc examination revealed two cases had increased cup disc ratio who on typical therapy alone. Conclusion: It can be concluded that many systematic drugs can produce ocular and visual side effect which range from mild to severe and can be even vision threatening.