Social and environmental responsibility is based on the presence of investment activities (the corporate) which not only has positive impacts but also negative impacts. The research an empirical-juridical research and examines directly several companies in Maluku Province, Indonesia. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results show that the right of communities is a demand for fulfillment based on legal regulations as a form of responsibility for the obligations of the State or other parties for the interests of an association or association of people who have social interaction relations in a community area within a country. The local government through the surveillance authority guarantees the rights of the community to obtain sources of life so that they do not become lost due to company activities. This protection is through the authority of the local government to supervise CSR activities as the government’s responsibility for society and the environment.

The study investigated factors influencing E-learning in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample of 376 undergraduate students was drawn from the population of 3,660 students in the Faculty of Education of three tertiary institutions in Rivers State through proportionate stratified random sampling technique. An instrument titled E-learning Factors Influence Questionnaire (EFIQ) which was developed by the researchers was used for data collection. It contained 23 items which are in three sections of A-facilities, B-lecturer’s competencies, C-students attitude. The EFIQ was validated by experts in Educational Technology and Measurement and Evaluation based on face and construct validities. The reliability of the instrument EFIQ was established through Cronbach Alpha technique and the reliability coefficient obtained was 0.82. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and a criterion mean of 2.50 was used for judgement. The result revealed that facilities, lecturer’s competencies and attitude of students influence E-learning in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Based on these results, recommendations were made including that students should endeavour to have positive attitude towards e-learning and the tertiary institutions should provide enough e-learning facilities which will aid the students in learning.

Ectopic Pregnancy, a life jeopardizing emergency, can land in disaster, if the diagnosis is missed. Any woman in the reproductive age group presenting with vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain- the first suspicion should be ectopic. This was a hospital based retrospective cohort study of 5 years in Haryana, North India (3 Tertiary Care Centres)- to evaluate the incidence, patient profile, high risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment, outcome and complications of the same. Statistical analysis was done by MS Excel spread sheet using SPSS software 19.0 version. A total of 175 cases of ectopic pregnancy were diagnosed during the study period (Incidence of 1.521%).Majority of the patients were in age group 21 to 30 years 101/175(57.71%) with nulliparous being 60/175(34.28%).Most important risk factors found were past history of miscarriage, pelvic surgery, tubal surgery and tubal ligation.75 % patients presented with the classical triad of lower abdominal pain, amenorrhoea, and bleeding per vaginum. Clinical diagnosis was possible in 85.71% while 11.4% patients were ultrasonographically diagnosed. 96.7 % were tubal ectopic gestations. Conservative expectant management was done in 2 patients, medical methotrexate therapy was given in 26 out of which 6 required surgery for failed therapy & 84 % were surgically managed. 54 % required blood transfusion and there were no deaths. We conclude that identifying common risk factors and being ectopic minded will help clinicians in diagnosing and managing ectopic pregnancy at the earliest to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.

Nowadays, the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has become more popular and is now widely used in earth sciences and environmental. It is a huge and rapidly growing industry and market all over the world, with huge demand for knowledge, experience, information, data, and GIS software products. Project managers, environmental scientists, legislators, activists, and the public are curious about what is the technology of the GIS, and how it can help them with cases or projects. Professionals of GIS are interested in learning of basics of earth sciences and environmental to apply GIS technology in these sciences and other related disciplines. This paper start from the introduction about GIS and various applications, and these applications divided into Overlay of layers, Land Information, Utilities and Infrastructure, Environmental, Archaeology, Natural Hazards, Military, Oceanography, Water Resources, and Agriculture. Finally, we are trying to give conclusions about this research. This paper gives an overview of the application and uses related to GIS. GIS techniques are very useful for various kinds of applications such as for Education, Medical, Tourism and Archeology, Urban Planning, Temperature, water harvesting, Change Detection, and Business. So the use of GIS is the most interesting research topic in recent years.

This paper aims at the problems of low efficiency and poor quality of college students' online courses, and makes a questionnaire survey on the influencing factors of college students' online course learning quality. According to the survey results, the factors that affect the learning quality of college students' online courses are divided into four dimensions: platform design dimension, curriculum design dimension, students' self-management dimension and hardware support dimension. Through the analysis of the survey data, we can understand the present situation of college students' fragmented learning and get the factors that affect the quality of college students' fragmented learning, and finally put forward relevant strategies to improve the learning quality of college students' online courses.

This study aims to determine the analysis of changes in the cost recovery scheme against the gross split of oil and gas companies in the ETB field. Based on previous research, it can be seen that the comparative analysis of the Change in Cost Recovery Scheme to the Gross Split has found that the Gross Split Scheme is superior to the Cost Recovery Scheme. This study took the population and samples from PT Pertamina, the ETB Field subcontractor. These results indicate that Product Sharing Contract (PSC) Gross Split is considered to be superior compared to PSC Cost Recovery and is feasible to implement because this indicator shows a fairly good sensitivity.

Delirium is prevalent among critically ill patients and it is an independent risk factor for mortality. The audit aimed to determine the staff awareness of delirium screening and to establish whether we assess and document the cognitive state of our patients regularly in the course of intensive care admission. Furthermore, we aimed to review if the causes of delirium were considered and treated appropriately. A closed loop audit was conducted in the different intensive care units. The initial audit showed that Most of the nurses; 63 (97%) neither assessed the patients for delirium nor were aware of the delirium assessment checklist. There were 12(20%) patients out of 58 who had delirium during the audit with no documentation or treatment. The second audit cycle showed 86 (90.5%) of the staff were fully aware of the checklist and using it. We conclude that re-implementing the routine screening for delirium improved its evaluation and management.

This semi-systematic review aimed to quantitatively map and identify data gaps in patient journey touchpoints for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and osteoarthritis (OA) in Saudi Arabia. An evidence mapping approach was used to quantify the prevalence and distribution of different touch points including awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment, adherence and control across CLBP and OA patient journeys. A systematic search of databases MEDLINE, Embase and BIOSIS was conducted using predefined inclusion criteria to identify relevant studies published in English between 01 January 2010 and 11 December 2019. A substantive unstructured literature search was also conducted on public or government websites with no date restriction. To address data gaps, anecdotal data were also considered for inclusion. Data combined from all sources was synthesized and presented as simple or weighted mean. Of the 47 records identified, five studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of CLBP from three studies was estimated at 8%. The prevalence of OA as per anecdotal data was 30%. Awareness of OA, based on two published studies and anecdotal evidence was 48%. According to anecdotal evidence, screening and diagnosis of OA was 50% and 60%, respectively. The majority of patients with OA (80%) were treated, with higher adherence (90%), of which 60% of patients showed symptoms control. The study findings highlight the need for more evidence-based research related to common patient journey touchpoints, which in turn may aid in efficient resource utilization, innovative pain services and collaborative practices to improve patient outcomes at national level.

Mycetoma is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infection of subcutaneous tissue that eventually may involve bone. The Infection is caused by free living, exogenous, geophilic actinomycetes and fungi. It is characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tract and production of grains or granules. Approximately 40% of mycetomas worldwide are eumycotic and rest is actinomycotic [1]. Eumycetoma is most probably acquired by traumatic inoculation of certain fungi into subcutaneous tissue. Fungi are considered as an unusual cause of osteomyelitis of hand/palm. This paper describes a case of eumycetoma osteomyelitis of the hand. With clinical, radiological and pathological correlation we arrived at a final diagnosis.

Background: Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus with or without cervix. When this is done through an abdominal incision it is called abdominal hysterectomy. When the approach is through vaginal vault it is called vaginal hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is a major gynecological operative procedure commonly indicated for women with dysfunctional bleeding, uterine leiomyoma, prolapse, endometriosis & adenomyosis, pelvic pain, premalignant conditions and cancer. Objective: The purpose of the study was to find out the common indications of hysterectomy. Methods: The Study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the common indications of hysterectomy. 100 cases were randomly selected for the study whose common indication of hysterectomy. Clinical examination and evaluation were done from October 2004 to February 2005. Other necessary investigations were done if clinically indicated and to prepare the patient for anesthesia. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22). Results: Majority of cases who underwent hysterectomy were 31-40 years (52%) of age. Out of 100 cases most of patients (70%) underwent abdominal hysterectomy and only 30 (30%) cases underwent vaginal hysterectomy. Out of 33 cases, clinically diagnosed as leiomyoma of the uterus histopathology revealed leiomyoma in 24 cases. In uncomplicated abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy, the duration of surgery was almost same, vaginal hysterectomies needs slightly longer time. Average hospital stay after operation was same. Conclusion: For a woman with severe pelvic pain or heavy irregular periods a hysterectomy often means relief from troublesome symptoms. Hysterectomy is offered as a definitive treatment and is associated with high level of satisfaction.

Autophagy is a widely conserved catabolic process that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis under normal physiological conditions and driving the cell to switch back to this condition under times of starvation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. The potential similarities and differences between basal autophagy and stimulus-induced autophagy are still largely unknown. Both act by clearing unusual or unnecessary cytoplasmic material, such as misfolded proteins, supernumerary and defective organelles. The relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy is complex. Cellular ROS is predominantly derived from mitochondria. Autophagy is triggered by this event, and by clearing the defective organelles effectively, it lowers cellular ROS thereby restoring cellular homeostasis. However, if cellular homeostasis cannot be reached, the cells can switch back and choose a regulated cell death response. Intriguingly, the autophagic and cell death machines both respond to the same stresses and share key regulatory proteins, suggesting that the pathways are intricately connected. Here, the intersection between autophagy and apoptosis is discussed with a particular focus on the role ROS plays.

This study was aimed to modify some physiochemical properties of Gum Arabic and it's Emulsions by using laser irradiation. The sample of Acacia senegal Gum was collected in December 2018 from Aburai Area, Ghibaish Locality-West Kordofan State. The sample was shade dried and ground at Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) in El-Obied. The aqueous solution of the sample was prepared with concentration 20% (w/v) and used as a test sample. Some of unirradiated aqueous solution was taken as control and the remaining portion was irradiated for different periods of time (5,10,15,20 and 25 minutes) by He-Ne Laser at 632.8nm wavelength and power 3mw using the pulse at Department of laser in Al-Neelain University – Khartoum. The irradiated samples were transported to analysis at Laboratories of Sudanese Petroleum Corporation (SPC). The results showed that there was no change in values of electrical conductivity and pH, whereas the value of the emulsifying stability and the viscosity offered by the emulsion were increased with increasing irradiation period comparing with the control. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique indicated that there was no change in some functional groups such as (O-H, C=O, C-O, and CH2) which were accompanied with absence of (C-X) at (10, 15, 20 and 25 minute) with formation of multiple bonding of nitrogen compounds at (10 and 15 minute) due to the effect of irradiation process. This study recommends that further work should be done to test other factors which may be had an effect on the emulsifying stability, also recommends to study the effect of He-Ne laser on Gum Arabic at another wavelength.

Mountaineering is a field that is easy to see but very difficult, those who adopt this field are well aware that one day they may not be able to see the next day’s sun. It is also very attractive in the background of how dangerous it looks. The beauty of the mountain valleys can only be appreciated by one who has seen it up close and Muhammad Ali Sadpara was one of those lucky people. He was the prince of the mountains who hoisted the flag of his nation on the highest peaks of the world. He climbed eight of 14 Eight-thousanders. His first climb was Gasherbrum II in Karakoram. In this review we tried to explore the life of a mountaineer who sacrificed his life just for the sake of his nation and country. We highlighted his achievements for Pakistan. February 4th 2021 he set out for the top of the K2 Mountain with two of his team members and got lost somewhere in the valley of the hill. A rescue mission with two army helicopters was organized but no trace of them has been found. We will not consider him past because he will live in our hearts forever and ever.

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the most prevalent serious cause of morbidity and loss of quality of life worldwide despite current advances in primary preventive and state-of-the art interventional strategies for effective AMI treatment. Hypertension is the major contributor to atherosclerosis and which in turn leads to progression of AMI. Little is known about the prevalence of hypertension in AMI patients among Iraqi population. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Hypertension in AMI patients in relation to age and gender in Iraqi population. Methods: This study focused on 74 consecutive Iraqi patients diagnosed with AMI aged 22-85 years. Results: Findings of this study showed that hypertension was present in 74.3% of AMI patients. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in females (46.7%) as compared to male patients (20.5%) at age group of 50-59 years. Furthermore, results showed that 37 hypertensive AMI patients (67.3%) had high-normal arterial hypertension, followed by 11 (20%) as isolated systolic arterial hypertension, 4 (7.3%) as Grade-1 arterial hypertension, 2 (3.6%) as Grade-2 arterial hypertension, and 1 (1.8%) as Grade-3 arterial hypertension level. Conclusions: These findings confirm that hypertension varied in age and gender in AMI patients among Iraqi Population. Hypertension was significantly more prevalent in older female patients with AMI when compared to male patients. The High normal of hypertension was the most prevalent type among AMI patients.

Victims of rape sometimes suffer from being blamed for their assault. The present study aimed to investigate whether hostile sexism, benevolent sexism influence acceptance of rape myths. The sample comprised of 240 university students recruited from Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Demographic information sheet, Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMA) [24], Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) [13] and scales were used for assessment. Results from Bivariate Correlation analysis showed that, Hostile sexism and subscales of benevolent sexist beliefs are positively correlated with rape myths. Subscales of Ambivalent Sexism (Hostile sexism, Paternalism, Heterosexuality and Gender differentiation) positively predicted subscales of Rape myths acceptance (she asked for it, it wasn’t really rape, he didn’t mean to and she lied). Results further showed that males had higher acceptance with Rape Myths and Ambivalent Sexism. Findings from the present study suggest that there is need to tackle negative stereotypes about rape victims and Interventions should focus more on the education on what rape and sexual assault are and what the health and legal consequences entail.