Introduction: Meningiomas are the most common primary benign tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as intradural part of the spinal cord. The prevalence of expression of progesterone receptor (PR) among patients with meningioma has been reported to be determined by different clinicopathologic factors particularly tumor grade as it was established by the WHO. Ki-67 is a nuclear non histone protein. It is used as a marker of proliferative activity and as a prognostic indicator in many tumors like breast carcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, prostate, brain, nephroblastomas and lung. Materials and Methods: This is a Prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology at Dr. V.R.K. Women’s Medical College Teaching Hospital & Research Centre. The study included histopathologically diagnosed cases of different histological variants of all intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas. A total number of 50 cases were studied over a period of 1 year. All intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas received at the Upgraded department of Pathology with adequate pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative information, were included in the study. Results: The maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 40-49 years (26.6%) followed by 50-59 years (23.3%). In the present study, out of 60 cases, 47 (78.3%) were females and the remaining 13 (21.6%) cases were males. Among the total 60 cases of Meningiomas, it was observed that intracranial location was more commonly involved comprising of 56 (93.3%) cases followed by Intraspinal location observed in 04 (6.6%) cases. Overall including the both grades total 51 cases out of 60 i.e. 85% were positive for PR, and 9 cases (including both the grades) i.e. 15% were negative for PR. Most of the grade I meningiomas (50 out of 56 cases i.e. 89.2% of grade I tumors) were positive for PR and few (6 out of 56 i.e. 10.7% of grade I tumors) were negative. Conclusion: Present study concluded that meningiomas will express PR. And this expression of PR has a significant inverse relationship with Ki- 67 i.e. as the Ki-67 expression denotes grade of meningioma, with increasing grade PR expression is reduced. So, Immuno histochemical staining with Ki-67 and PR antibody will help in deciding the grade of meningioma and helps to select the cases for which hormonal therapy can be employed.

Background: There is an increasing burden of care for chronic noncommunicable diseases on the health care system, in particular, in mixed urban-rural districts where resource constraints and limited health workers threaten continuity of care. Nurse practitioners (NPs), who have received clinical training to assess, diagnose, and educate patients, are coming to play an increasingly important role in the care of people with chronic diseases. Thrown into the limelight of chronicity, NPs and their roles and practice barriers are less documented, at least in some Indian settings. Objectives: This study was to describe the extent of the NP practice in managing chronic disease and examine self-perceived competency across core clinical and educational domains, and activity options, in addition to exploring the regulatory, organizational, and interprofessional factors that make possible or hinder the NP effectiveness in Osmanabad district, Maharashtra. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among 80 conveniently selected NPs employed in primary and community health centres of Osmanabad. A self-assessment questionnaire was validated and used to assess five domains: clinical assessment, treatment and medication management, patient education and self-management support, care coordination, and system roles. The Likert-scale items were analysed using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, frequencies), and open-ended responses were subjected to thematic analysis between two independent researchers to identify the barriers and facilitators. Results: NPs performed history-taking (mean 4.6 ± 0.5) as well as initiating pharmacotherapy according to guidelines (4.4 ± 0.6) with high competence, indicating their good clinical basis. Adverse-event monitoring (3.9 ± 0.9) and telehealth follow-up (3.9 ± 0.9) scores were below average for continued education. A high degree of commitment to patient empowerment for self-management was indicated for patients' understanding of the disease process (4.5 ± 0.6) and for showing them how to perform self-monitoring (4.3 ± 0.7) (domains of patient education). Regulatory and restricted diagnostic authority and restricted diagnostic authority were primary barriers, and supportive interdisciplinary teams and access to decision-support tools were key facilitators, as revealed by thematic analysis. Conclusion: Nurse practitioners in Osmanabad are significant providers of care for chronic disease, but need further training in the management of adverse events and telehealth delivery. And so, policy reforms that are providing NPs with diagnostic and prescriptive autonomy, that are being combined with structured capacity-building interventions, will maximize the impact and influence of their contributions.

Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (EMPNST) known as "epithelioid malignant schwannoma", described for the first time in 1954. It is an entity that has the same clinical features as MPNST but whose cytological and histological characters are different. It is characterized by an epithelioid cytomorphology, usually diffuse S100 immunoreactivity and some cases come from preexisting schwannomas. Clinically, it presents as a painful or asymptomatic mass, whether or not it is located on a nerve path. Imaging plays an essential role in preoperative diagnosis and assessment, but histology remains the key examination for confirmation of the diagnosis. Treatment is based on surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. His prognosis is grim. The objective of this work is to underline the histopathological aspects of this very rare entity, in particular in children, by reporting an observation of a 21 month old infant.

Background: Oligohydramnios, characterized by an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of ≤5 cm, is associated with increased maternal and perinatal risks, including fetal growth restriction, abnormal labor patterns, and higher rates of operative delivery. Timely identification and intervention are essential to improving outcomes. Aim of the study: To evaluate maternal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios, with a particular focus on delivery methods, antepartum complications, and the effect of L-arginine supplementation. Methods: This prospective observational study included 115 pregnant women diagnosed with oligohydramnios at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data on maternal demographics, obstetric history, antepartum complications, labor characteristics, and delivery outcomes were collected. Management included hydration, rest, fetal surveillance, and in selected cases, L-arginine therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Result: Most participants were aged 20–34 years (92.17%) and had normal BMI (53.91%). Common complications included anemia (37.39%) and hypertensive disorders (31.30%). Induced labor was required in 75.65% of cases. The most frequent mode of delivery was vaginal (55.65%), followed by emergency cesarean section (33.91%). Emergency cesarean indications were mainly non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns (79.13%). Conclusion: Oligohydramnios significantly increases the risk of emergency interventions and adverse maternal outcomes. Early detection and close monitoring, along with supportive therapies such as L-arginine, may help optimize maternal and fetal well-being.

Since the start of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in late December 2019, in Wuhan, China, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19 present with the classical presentation of respiratory as the name denote that may be fatal. However, there are reports of atypical manifestations in the majority of the patients. One of the atypical presentations is oral manifestations of SARS CoV-2 that may be due to the initial infection or reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) or stress-related. Herein, we report a middle-aged man; who presents with vesicular lesions on the lip that were diagnosed clinically as herpes simplex labialis (cold sores), as confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) as SARS CoV-2 infected.

Face recognition presents a challenging problem in the field of image analysis and computer vision as such a large number of face recognition algorithms have been developed in last decade. In this paper firstly I present an overview of face recognition and discuss its application and technical challenges. Thereafter I represent the various face recognition techniques. This includes PCA, LDA, ICA, Gabor wavelet, soft computing tool like ANN for recognition and various hybrid combinations of these techniques. This review investigates face recognition and all these methods of face recognition with parameters that have challenges like illumination, pose variation and facial expressions.

Background: Prosthodontics is the branch of dentistry that deals with the replacement of missing teeth and other orofacial structures with artificial substitute. In prosthodontics, implants, removable and fixed dentures can be used to replace missing teeth. Digital dentistry is the new trend that is evolving globally among the dental professionals and the dental students. Interactive learning concepts and objective evaluation in this digital Technologies with 24/7 access to the dental undergraduates and post graduates in providing education and training about prosthodontics is highly valuable. Aim: The aim of this study is to do the systematic review of the online Data available for educational applications for Prosthodontics. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct a systematic review of the online data available for educational applications in prosthodontics, the rules and guidelines of preferred reporting items of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were followed. Results: Of the total 453 articles only about 11 articles ware included in the systematic review that reported the online data available for educational applications in prosthodontics. Conclusion: The dental education of prosthodontics can be revolutionized, using the online available data to create educational applications.

Many jurisdictions encourage the adoption of electronic commerce by enacting statutes that enable contractual dealings to be conducted electronically, and also allows people to use an electronic signature to satisfy any legal requirement. Even the electronic transfer of land is covered under certain statutes as in the case of the Indian Information Technology Act, 2000. However, in the era of globalization; and in the absence of any geographical boundaries for the cyberspace, such new legislations also raise some questions: for how long will these statutes be valid? What are the boundaries of these statutes? Who should be forced to follow them? Most of these questions are unanswerable today. The exponential growth of the internet and online activity raise a number of legal questions. How does copyright apply to digital content? How can national laws apply to cyber wrongs in cyberspace? Can privacy and data protection exist on the cyber space? Can electronic commerce really be secure? Can cyberspace be regulated by one, or by many authorities? In seeking to apply the law to the Internet, problems arise owing to the fact that most laws largely apply to the pre-cyber space world. As the technology improves and ownership of home computers increases, one competently navigate his way around cyberspace, downloading information, reading and writing to newsgroups, and receiving and sending emails. Cyberspace represents the new medium of communication, electronic communication, which is fast outmoding, or even replacing, more traditional methods of communication. The present Study attempts a comprehensive definition of the term ‘cyberspace,’ traces out the evolution and growth of cyber space; and enumerates the pros and cons of information technology. In traditional and online trading environments, consumers are entitled to have their privacy respected. While shopping on the internet; most people typically do not think about what is happening in the background. In the modern era of electronic technology, people want to get their work done quickly with little effort. At times, people forget or ignore the legal and ethical values of their actions. Consequently, cyber wrongs in different forms are increasing day by day: cracking/hacking, e-mail spoofing, spamming/Denial of Services (DOS attacks), carding (making false ATM Debit and Credit cards), cheating and fraud, assault by threat, impersonation, intellectual property rights (IPR) infringements (software piracy, infringement of copyright, trademark, patents, domain names, designs and service mark violation, theft of computer source code, etc.), online gambling and other financial crimes including the use of networking sites and phone networking to attack the victim by sending bogus mails or messages through internet, forgery, URL hijacking or squatting (using the domain name of another person in bad faith), cyber vandalism (destroying or damaging the data when a network service is stopped or disrupted), virus transmission, internet time thefts, pornography, cyber terrorism etc-the list is endless. Customer information has to pass through several hands; and the safety and security of a customer's personal information lies within the hands of the business. Therefore, security and privacy of the information are a major concern. E-commerce has a tremendous impact on copyright and other intellectual property rights (IPRs).

Sars-Cov-2 could occur in active tuberculosis patients; with risk of aggravation, could also reveal tuberculosis or infect former tuberculosis patients.

Speeding is one of the main causes of traffic crash fatalities. Different effective strategies have been applied to prevent this critical issue; for example, humps, setting speed limit, and speed cameras. This study evaluates the effectiveness of speed cameras that are implemented on midblock of urban, suburban and on segments of rural arterials in Jordan in January 2018. Interrupted time series analysis (ARIMA model) was used for examining the effects of the speed cameras on the number of crashes. Various functions; including linear, quadratic, logarithmic, exponential, and power, were applied in order to evaluate the effect of speed cameras on traffic crashes. Results of analyses indicated that speed cameras implemented on suburban and urban arterials with speed limit less than 80 km/h had a crash reduction of 10 to 19%. On the contrary, it was found that the number of crashes on a limited number of rural arterials’ segments was increased by about 36%, this result should be further investigated since the sample size of rural segments was relatively small.

It is no longer a debate that international remittance has a positive influence on economic growth as it goes into individuals to meet family needs, but what has not been settled empirically (at least in the case of Nigeria) is the end-use allocation of this resources. This study assesses the expenditure pattern of international remittances on productive assets purchase using a micro cross-sectional data obtained from 2009 World Bank’s Migration and Remittances Survey in Nigeria. The model estimated was based on a new approach, using the bivariate probit regression equation which saw remittances and productive assets as endogenous variables determined by some observed variables. The main result is the insignificant positive effect of migrant remittances on propensity to acquire productive assets among Nigeria’s households.

The study was done to determine distribution and frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors and to establish the existence or widespread of this hepatitis B virus among this group of people in FMC Owo. The study was carried out in Owo and the analysis of the samples was done in the Department of Haematology and Blood Bank, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State. After an informed consent was obtained 120 blood donors (110 male and 10 females) volunteered to participate in the exercise. Demographic data forms which carried all the information, personal details such as occupation, educational back ground, age, sex, medical history e.t.c were filled by each donor. All the donors were apparently healthy, age 18 to 60 years with body weight 50kg. About 5ml of blood was collected from each donor with the donor in a sitting position. The blood was transferred into plain bottles and allowed to clot, centrifuged at 1500rpm for 3 minutes to obtain serum. The serum samples were transferred to vials for use and preserved at -20C until use. ABO and Rh grouping were determined using tiles methods by the agglutination of red cell in the presence of the corresponding antigen after a drop of antisera was placed on a clean tile. Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined by the Rapid Response TM Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test strip. Simple percentage distributions and tables were used to represent the results. Phenotypic frequencies were calculated and expressed as percentage. Table-1 shows the age distribution and ABO blood group among various occupations of 120 subjects that participated in the research. The artisans were 26(12.6) with their age range 31-40. Their ABO blood group number and their percentages were as follow: A 2(1.66), B 5(4.17), AB 1(0.83) and O 8(5). Other groups of people % frequency, age range and ABO distributions were as shown in the table. Table-2 shows the occurrence of hepatitis B virus among the various groups of people that participated in this project work. The total number of people that were positive and negative and their percentages were 13(10.83) and 107(89.17). Artisans group showed the highest number 6(5) and Civil servants were the group with the least number 1(0.83). The ABO, rhesus (D) blood group and Hepatitis B virus distribution among the Owo blood donors were shown in Table-3. Out of the 120 donors only 4(3.3%) were rhesus (D) negative belonging to blood ABO blood group O. Other ABO blood groups were rhesus (D) positive. Blood group O also has the highest number of hepatitis B virus 13(10.9) while AB has the least (0). The Government should intensify and encourage the artisan to surrender themselves to be immunized against HBsAg and also encourage the adults to participate in voluntary blood donation in order to safe life.

Introduction: Abnormalities in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels are recognized major modifiable cardiovascular disease and essential hypertension risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine the serum lipid patterns of newly diagnosed hypertensive patients attending a tertiary healthcare center. Material and Method: This is prospective and observational study conducted at Department of General Medicine, Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of 6 months. The serum lipid profiles of 75 hypertensive patients was studied and compared with those of healthy controls. The serum lipid profiles (TC, TGL.HDL, VLDL, LDL, TC/ HDL, LDL/ HDL ratios) were studied with respect to various clinical profiles like age, sex, type, incidence etc. Study group consisted of patients with hypertension as identified by history, clinical examination, and other relevant examinations. Results: In our study 36.2 ± 3.8 years was the mean average age of study group whereas for the control group it was 37.7± 3.9 years. In the age group 35-40 years occurrence of hypertension was seen in extreme as compare to other age group. In study groups total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol were significantly higher as compared to control group (p<0.03). Among the hypertensive subjects most frequently occurring abnormality was elevated TC (70%), followed by elevated LDL (60%). Conclusion: This study showed that lipid abnormalities are highly prevalent among diagnosed hypertensives.

The economic implications of using solely wind energy or solar photovoltaic (PV) system for electric power generation in Nigeria is considered in this work. Twelve states from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria were used as case studies for wind energy utilization while 6 states were used for solar energy usage. Wind speed and solar radiation data for the state capitals were used for the analysis. The net present value (NPV) and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for each state for a project lifespan of 20 years was estimated for each power system in the various states using discount rate equivalent to the prevailing interest rate (16%) in Nigeria and lower values. At 16% discount rate for wind energy system, only 4 states gave positive NPV while at 8% discount rate 9 states have positive NPVs. For the solar PV system, the NPVs are negative for all the 6 states at 16% discount rate while only one location with the highest average annual solar radiation of 6.4 kWh/m2 day gave positive NPV at 8% discount rate. The LCOE is smaller for wind energy systems in many of the locations considered. When energy is not discounted, the highest and the lowest LCOE for wind energy system are 0.1937 $/kWh and 0.0167 $/kWh respectively while the respective values for solar PV system are 0.0615 $/kWh and 0.0415 $/kWh. The LCOE when energy is discounted is higher and the average value obtained either system is higher than the price of electricity in Nigeria but lower than the electricity price in the UK and the USA. Thus for wind and solar PV systems to be more economically viable for electricity generation in many locations in Nigeria, the current installation costs should come down and or the price of electricity should go up.

Education must meet the needs required by today's students; the new generations known as the Net Generation; they demand an updated educational system. There are multiple teaching systems at the higher level, some focused on the use of competencies, as well as on Bloom's Taxonomy; having as a common goal, professionals prepared for globalization when exercising their profession. It is critical to be at the forefront of changes in tools that facilitate the cognitive process. The mechanism of the methodology developed in the “Flipped Classroom” is reviewed, with the “Bloom's Taxonomy”, since the latter is the preamble for the design of various educational models. The Flipped class is an integration strategy, strengthens the educational process, and helps in the administration of the student and the teacher's time, meeting learning requirements, interacting with the Tics that the student executes, being the learning process dynamic, and adaptable to the learning capacity, achieving their attention, generating knowledge through their experiences, and expanding it with that of their peers.