Mucormycosis is an uncommon disease caused by fungus of the order Mucorales. The disease has an aggressive course with high morbidity and mortality. It usually affects immunocompromised patients with some systemic debility or some inciting factor like trauma or some invasive procedure. Rhinoorbitocerebral type is a common variety with a typical order of system involvement. The disease has diagnostic challenges due to non-specific presenting picture, non-specific radiological changes and non- specific diagnostic tests. Biopsy and histopathological examination form the definitive diagnosis. Early institution of systemic antifungal therapy with surgical debridement are the cornerstones in management. Particular rise in number of mucormycosis cases has been noted during COVID-19 pandemic. We present a case report of an immunocompetent child who presented during the early phase after first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, with an atypical presentation, with a progressive course, delayed diagnosis but an appropriate management and satisfactory outcome.

Background: This study aimed to determine patients’ perception of pain during scaling and determine its relationship with their level of dental anxiety. It also evaluated differences in the pain perception between genders and its relationship with age. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Periodontology Unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Supra-gingival scaling was performed on the six mandibular anterior teeth of 94 consenting participants. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to record the patient's pain level while the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to measure dental anxiety. Gender and age differences between Anxiety Scores and VAS was compared using Student’s unpaired t-test and ANOVA respectively. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Females had higher overall Mean MDAS scores (12.87±4.79). Similarly, respondents aged 18-40years had higher Mean MDAS scores (12.00±4.65) than those aged 41-85years even though the association was not significant. Females also had higher OHI-S scores (2.57±1.22), Bleeding Index scores (48.57±39.38), Gingival Index (1.57±0.58) scores than males though the association was not significant. In addition, females had higher mean VAS scores (31.44±23.44) than males and those aged 18-40 years had higher mean VAS scores (31.44±23.44) than those aged 41-85 years though the association was not significant. Conclusion: Scaling and polishing was associated with higher pain and anxiety levels among females and younger respondents while patients with worse oral hygiene and gingival inflammation experienced more discomfort during the procedure. The proportion of patients that experienced severe pain increased with increased dental anxiety but the association was not significant. It is recommended that patients attending for scaling and polishing are screened with appropriate tools like MDAS while awaiting the procedure.

The characterization of char from waste tyre pyrolysis is evaluated in this work. Disused tyres retrieved from vehicle users and dump hills in Akure and its environment in South West Nigeria were pyrolysed in a refurbished 17.4 litre capacity fixed-bed batch thermochemical reactor. The waste tyres were cut into sample sizes of 20 mm × 30 mm manually and then weighed into various portions of 1kg each. 1kg mass of the washed waste tyres was pyrolysed in each batch of pyrolysis experiment to obtain char at different pyrolysis temperatures of 250oC, 350oC, 450oC, and 600oC respectively. Proximate and ultimate analyses of the char resulting from the pyrolysis were carried out. The pyrolysis process produced char with an average of 83.30% carbon composition 5.45% hydrogen, 0.52% nitrogen, 1.17% sulphur and 1.90% oxygen composition. The analysis of percentage composition of the raw scrap tyre samples gave 79.86% for carbon, 7.35% hydrogen, 0.39% nitrogen, 1.57% for sulphur and 6.50% for oxygen. The ultimate analysis of the char resulting from pyrolysis gave an average value of 38.83 kJ/kg for the heating value and 470.00 kg/m3 for specific gravity. The average fixed carbon content was 33.38% while the volatile matters gave an average of 58.40%. The ultimate analysis of the raw tyre samples gave values of 36.10 kJ/kg for the heating value and 343.00 kg/m3 for specific gravity.

This research work investigated the application of Chrysophyllum albidum exudates/resin extracts as potential inhibitors in the control and prevention of corrosion attacks to reinforcing steel embedded in concrete slabs and are completely immersed in 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution in water and accelerated for a rapid corrosion process for 360 days with interval checks and routine tests of 90 days, 180 days, 270 days, and 360 days for examination and record documentations for comparison of tested sample performances. The maximum yields of controlled and coated samples were -112.42 mV and -118.97 mV, which showed the relationship between corrosion potential and opportunity in the reference range as 𝐸corr > −200mV and the uncoated samples, the calculated maximum value is -338.49 mV, the result is within the reference value of the dependence between corrosion potential and probability of −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicating a high-value range of 10% or an uncertain corrosion probability. The comparative results from the referencing range (controlled), showed that corroded samples exhibited corrosion presence resulting from the induced corrosion acceleration against coated samples that exhibited absence of corrosion. The results of the controlled concrete and armored resistance samples obtained at the maximum average value of 15.06kΩcm and 16.12kΩcm with a data value of 10 < 𝜌 < 20 (low) compared to a corrosion value of 9.82 k cm with a specification of 5 < 𝜌 < 10 (high). The calculated maximum percentage value of the controlled yield point is 7.05% relative to corrosion and coverage value -6.54% and 7.12% and the possible differential values of 0.02% controlled, 0.02% corroded, and 0 .15% covered. The percentage of maximum tensile strength calculated in the control is 2.39% relative to the corrosion and coating value -3.35% and 3.51% and the potential differential value is 0.04% controlled, 0.01% corroded and 0.04% coated. The yield strength, tensile strength, and deformation ratio of the mean, percentile, and controlled differential potential values, uncoated (corroded) and layered concrete slab samples were determined. , coated samples had higher breaking loads compared to corroded samples with reduced breakdown load and low load-bearing capacity and with mean and percentile values in relation to the reference range, whereas uncoated (corroded) samples, had a load-bearing capacity which is low and a reduced value compared to the reference range.For comparison, the results of corroded samples showed a decrease in value compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after the induction accelerated corrosion test with a percentage decrease in value from 0.428% to -1.48% and an average value in the range from 11.93 mm to 11. 88 mm.The differentials in mean values and relative percentiles between coated and corroded samples ranged from 69.57% to -41.03%. The decrease in mean and percentage values indicates that the corrosion effect causes a decrease in diameter and cross-sectional area, fiber degradation, rib reduction, and surface modification, while the exudate/resin-coated elements are validated in the work due to differential s in coating thickness. For comparison, the results obtained show a reduction/reduction and reduction of mean and percentile values for coatings with 0.070kg to 0.06kg and corrosion 7.81% to -5.8%. The summary results show that the corrosive effect had an impact on the rebar embedded in the concrete slab samples exposed to induced corrosion

Objectives: Using the method of meta-analysis to compares and analyzes the development characteristics of children’s FMS in countries with different development levels from the perspective of gender. Methods: We searched the PubMed, EBSCOhost, Embase and Web of Science databases for studies published up to April 5, 2021, empirical studies on the FMS of children aged 3-6 were included. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for meta-analysis to analyze the mastery level of global children’s FMS. Results: Finally, 18 articles were included. Results of the meta-analysis showed that whether in developed or developing countries, there was no statistical significance in comparing the locomotor skill scores of boys and girls (all P > 0.05); however, both in developed countries and developing countries, the scores of object control skills generally appears that boys are better than girls (Developed: 0.48 [95% CI 0.40, 0.56], Z=11.74, P＜0.05, I2=0%; Developing: 0.53 [95% CI 0.30, 0.76], Z=4.53, P＜0.05, I2=81%). Conclusion: From the perspective of gender, the developmental characteristics of FMS in children showed consistent patterns in countries with different development levels. There is no difference in the mastery of locomotor skills among children of different genders, but there is a significant difference in the mastery of object control skills, and boys are significantly better than girls.

Background: Psychiatric symptoms which constitute a major and growing public health problem of anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction often occur in patients suffering from somatic conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In Bangladesh, we have very little research-oriented information regarding these issues. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the association of anxiety and depression with asthma and COPD. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Respiratory Medicine in the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital from March 2018 to February 2019. A total of 160 cases of Asthma and COPD were enrolled in this study as study. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using Windows-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23.0). Results: In this study in total 98 (61.3%) patients had COPD and 62 (38.7%) had asthma. Among 98 COPD patients 10 (10.2%) had mild, 29 (29.6%) had moderate, 40 (40.8%) had severe and 19 (19.4%) had very severe COPD. Among 62 asthmatic patients 22 (35.5%) had mild, 16 (25.8%) had moderate, 11 (17.7%) had severe and 13 (21.0%) had very severe asthma. Among total participants, the mean Beck depression inventory score was found 95.6±12.6, the mean anxiety rating scale score was found 61.0±11.7 and the mean HADS score was found 12.1±1.5. In COPD patients, the mean Beck depression inventory score was found at 99.9±10.7, the mean anxiety rating scale score was found 57.1±10.7 and the mean HADS score was found 11.8±1.3. On the other hand, in asthmatic patients, the mean Beck depression inventory score was found 88.8±12.4, the mean anxiety rating scale score was found 67.4±10.3 and the mean HADS score was found 12.6±1.7. Conclusion: We can conclude that the Beck depression inventory score, anxiety rating scale score, and HADS score were statistically significant when compared to the level of severity of COPD and asthma. Excluding other risk factors for anxiety and depression, still, COPD & asthma patients remain at risk of both anxiety and depression.

The study examined the use and potency of extruded exudates/resins obtained from tree trunks. The gummy exudates/resins were applied directly to the steel reinforcement by the coatings varying their thicknesses and embeddings them into concrete beams, and studying their possible effects as an inhibitor to corrosion attacks on reinforcing steel of concrete structures built within the coastal marine region with highly acidic nature. From the flexural strength test, the maximum value was 24.64% compared to the corroded and coated sample values of -18.46% and 24.41%, respectively and the average differential and percentile range controlled (2.25kN and 2.01%), corroded (0.66kN and 1.16%), coated (2.09kN and 1.77%). The results illustrated that the reference percentage of controlled samples according to [30] was placed in fresh water and no corrosion effect was observed and was therefore used as a reference value for uncoated and coated samples immersed in a corrosive environment as described in the test program. The calculated average differential and percentile values were checked (0.01mm and 0.009%), corrosion values (0.01mm and 0.063%) and closed values (0.01mm and 0.069%). The results illustrated the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel with a decrease in diameter, as well as a decrease in the average value and the percentage recorded from the corrosion samples, while the controlled and coated samples illustrated preserved conditions with increasing layers of different diameters of exudates/resin layer thickness. The cross-sectional area of reinforcing steel after corrosion test gives different average and percentile values of corroded values (0.02 mm and 4.84%) and coated values (0.03 mm and 1.57%). The calculated maximum comparative values for both yield and ultimate tensile strength for the controlled samples were 9.66% and 3.54% to the corroded and coated values of -7.45% and -3.7%, coated values are 9.66% and 3.86%, respectively. From the data obtained and compared, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength values of the corroded samples illustrated a decrease in the average and percentage values for load failure with few applications. The average differential and percentile values obtained for the control were (0.01 and 1.4%), corrosion values (0.02 and 1.54%), and closed values (0.01 and 1.4%). The maximum elongation comparative value for the controlled sample was -12.92% compared to the corroded and coated sample of 20.62% and -23.82%, respectively. The average differential and percentile values obtained for the controlled samples were (0.83% and 0.77%), corrosion values (0.82% and 1.38%), and coated values (0.82% and 0.78%). In comparative, the corroded samples illustrated higher stress values and higher elongation rates, whereas the damaged state of coated samples was lower load and reduced elongation. The calculated data illustrated a decrease in the value of the corroded sample as a result of the corrosion attack, which led to a decrease in the registered weight, whereas the coated sample illustrated an increase in weight compared to the reference value of the controlled sample due to the different coating thicknesses.

The research evaluated the potential occurrence of corrosion in an induced media assessing the coating of reinforcing steel with Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) exudates/resin gotten from the trunk of trees, the coating varies in thicknesses, embedded in concrete slabs, and exposed to the high severed coastal marine environment with acidic content. The maximum stability value calculated concrete resistivity from the controlled concrete sample was 63.55% compared to the corroded and coated values -44.28% and 84.61%, and the maximum controlled differential percentile was 2.8% compared to the corroded and 1.55% values and 5.53% coverage. The test results of controlled and coated samples with concrete resistance got a maximum average value of 14.38kΩcm and 16.28kΩcm with a value of 10 <𝜌 <20 (low) compared to a corrosion value of 8.85kΩcm with an indication of 5 < 10 (high) and the reference range of the relationship between concrete resistance and corrosion probability. The maximum obtained and corrosion potential values of the controlled and coated samples were -107.3mV and -121.5mV, indicating the relationship between corrosion potential and probability as 𝐸corr > −200mV as the reference range. The results of this potential Ecorr result show that the value of controlled and resin-coated samples is low with a 90% probability that no corrosion of reinforcing steel is observed during the measurement (10% risk of corrosion, which averages 10% for samples without coating obtained maximum value - 341.7mV, the result lies in the correlation reference value between the corrosion potential value −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicating a high range of values. The calculated maximum percentile ultimate tensile strength of controlled tensile strength is 2.06% compared to corrosion and coating values of 1.96% and 2.05%, and the possible differential values are 0.06% controlled, 0.01% corroded and 0.03 % coated. The calculated maximum percentile yield strength value of the controlled shear strength is 8.28% compared to the corroded and coated values of -7.61% and 8.28% and the controlled potential differential values are 0.05%, corrosion is 0.04% and 0.05% coated. The comparison results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the exposed (corroded) elements, which damage reinforcing steel fibers, ribs and passive formations and surface modifications. The avearge values observed for the coated samples relate to the corrosion resistance potential to penetrate the reinforcing steel to form a protective membrane; This attribute indicates the effectiveness and effectiveness of the exudate/resin as an inhibitor against corrosive effects. exposed reinforced concrete structure on the edge of a strong sea area with high salinity. The maximum calculated percentile of corroded is 0.396% versus -1.17% and coated is 0.721%, the differential in the percentile of corrosion is 0.03% versus 0.003% coated. For comparison, the results of corroded samples showed reduction and reduction values compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after accelerated induction corrosion testing with a percentile decrease in value from 0.396% to -1.17% and an average value in the range of 11.93mm to 11.93mm. The differential in average and relative percentile between coated and corroded samples varied from 26.42% to -20.9%. The decrease in average and percentile values indicates that the corrosion effect has led to a reduction in diameter and cross-sectional area, fiber degradation, rib reduction and surface modification, while elements coated with exudates/resin confirm an increase in volume as thickness as there are shift differentials.

Background: Chronic liver disease denotes the disease of the liver which lasts over a period of 6 months or more. The serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) is a formula that is used to assist in determining the etiology of ascites. It is also used in detecting ascites of portal hypertension in the adult population. We don’t have any research-based information regarding the correlation between serum ascites albumin gradient and endoscopic parameters of portal hypertension in chronic liver disease. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum ascites albumin gradient and endoscopic parameters of portal hypertension in chronic liver disease. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2005 to December 2005. In total 50 patients with cirrhosis with ascites with high SAAG values (>1.1 gm/dl) were included as the study people. The age of the patients was 15 to 70 years. Both males and females were included in the study. All data were entered into a personal computer, thoroughly checked for any possible error, and then processed and analyzed by the SPSS program. The significance of the test was tested by the chi-square test. P-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Correlation analysis was done by the Pearson correlation test. Result: In this study, there were three SAAG groups. In SAAG group 1.10-1.49gm/dl, 53.33% of patients had mild grades of PNG, and 33.33% of patients had a severe grade of PNG. In the SAAG group, 1.50-1.99 gm/dl, 44.44% of patients had mild grade and 33.33% had a severe grade of PNG and in the SAAG group >2 gm/dl, 42.30% had mild grade and 49.99% had a severe grade of PNG. But there had not been any significant correlation among the groups regarding SAAG values and PHTN grades because the p-value was greater than 0.05. Conclusion: It was shown in this study that, oesophageal varices were present in 49 patients, sensitivity was 98%; portal hypertensive gastropathy in 44 patients, sensitivity 88%, and both oesophageal varices and gastropathy in 43 patients, sensitivity 86%. So high SAAG value can be used as an indicator of the presence of portal hypertensive changes especially oesophageal varices and gastropathy in the upper gastrointestinal tract. A weak positive correlation was found in this study between SAAG values and grades of oesophageal varices (r=0.358, p=0.011) and gastropathy (r-0.139, p--0.33) but no correlation was found between SAAG and gastric varices (p=0.4).

Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) are beneficial soil microbes that they have the ability to dissolve unavailable soil P into available and can mineralize organic P into inorganic P. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing microbes on soil P, yield of upland rice plants and the efficiency of P fertilizer on marginal soil. Design experiment of Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in field experiment, consisted of two factors and three replications. Phosphate solubilizing microbe as the first factor consisted two levels i.e without and with PSM (a mixture of Pseudomonas sp. and Penicillium sp.). While the second factor was P fertilizer consists four levels ((0, 50, 75 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1). The result of experiment showed that PSM improved soil phosphatase activity and yield of upland rice on marginal soil. Phosphate solubilizing microbe increased soil organic P mineralization was characterized by a decrease in organic P. Inoculation of PSM with phosphate fertilizer dose of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (75% recommended dose) gave best effect to soil phosphatase activity, soil P status and yield of upland rice in marginal soil.

A Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the newly developed respiratory disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus which was first testified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. (Hussain et al., 2020) The common clinical manifestations of this highly infectious disease, fever, dry cough, tiredness and less common symptoms are aches, pain, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, loss of taste or smell, a rash on skin, or discoloration of fingers or toes. The most Serious symptoms which can put the patient in life threatening condition are difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, loss of speech or movement (WHO, 2020) The health care workers' adherence to the recommended measures taken to prevent trans mission are inevitable to minimize the increasing number of COVID-19 cases. This can be achieved by enhancing knowledge, positive attitudes, and infection control practices of the frontline workers (Ejeh et al., 2020). Objective: The objective of the present study was to access the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare professionals on covid-19 and risk assessment to prevent the epidemic spread at tertiary care hospitals Lahore. Methodology: A cross sectional study design was selected. Information was collected about demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude and practice. SPSS were used for data collection. Results: A sample of 200 healthcare workers was collected from four different tertiary care hospitals. A descriptive statistic was applied on data. In descriptive analysis frequency tables and graph were used to represent research findings of total sampled population majority respondents were females (98.5%) between the age of 20-25 years (39%). Most of the respondents were unmarried (62%), (94%) staff nurses. Conclusion: This study concluded that Health care professionals are the frontline workers dealing with the covid-19. In this study nurses had a good knowledge, positive attitude and practice regarding covid -19. In contrast, training programs can improve the understanding of risk and prevention strategies regarding covid 19.

Fostering students’ integrity and promoting their integrated development are the fundamental task of education, which could be completed with the method of implementing moral education. Having the functions of both humanistic education and all-rounded education, the English major curriculum should with no exception undertake the above-mentioned task. This paper illustrates how to implement moral education in the teaching of British & American culture and puts forward measures from three aspects of integrating moral education into teaching objectives, teaching contents and a teacher’s speeches and behaviors, so as to maximize the cultivation of all-rounded talents in the course of British & American culture.

The soil health forms the pillar of agricultural development of sustainability, especially in ecologically sensitive and high density agricultural land like Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. Although the district has a favourable agro-climatic condition, an unfavourable alluvial soil base and a steady agro-climate, the district has been facing a degrading soil fertility, nutrient imbalance, and stagnant productivity because of unsustainable agricultural practices and unstable climate. This paper is a critical assessment of factors that contribute to soil erosion and suggests an all-inclusive list of measures to improve the health of soil and agricultural productivity. The study draws on empirical research, policy frameworks, and agro-ecological perspectives to highlight integrated nutrient management, conservation agriculture, practices that are resistant to climate change, and institutional interventions. The results are that synergistic method involving scientific innovation, farmer involvement, and policy assistance will be necessary in ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability in the region.

The Influence of Mobile Banking, Company Size, Credit Risk on Indonesian Banking Financial Performance. Case Study on Conventional Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016 - 2020. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of mobile banking, company’s size and credit risk on the financial performance of Indonesian banks based on Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO) in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 – 2020. The type of research used is explanatory research, with the unit of analysis in this study covering research variables consisting of Mobile Banking, company size and Credit risk or Non Performing Loan (NPL) as independent variables, Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Operating Costs to Operating Income as the dependent variable, which is obtained from the financial statements of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016 – 2020. The sample of this research is 20 banks. The analytical techniques used in this study are path analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that mobile banking has no significant effect on the financial performance of Indonesian banks. The other independent variables measured using firm size and NPL have a significant effect on the financial performance of Indonesian banks which are measured using ROA, ROE, BOPO.

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that influence the application of the electronic tax filing system (e-filing) of taxes in the order of adaptation of policies by the developing government wherein Indonesia relies on a self-assessment system (SAS) which implements voluntary compliance by taxpayers. Using the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model (TAM) as a theoretical basis, this study looks at the effects of taxpayer compliance (TC), perceived usefulness of function (PU), taxpayer satisfaction (US), and taxpayer behavior (BI) in Indonesia in single study. This study is cross-sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 298 taxpayers. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This study is cross-sectional and correlational. Data collected through a questionnaire survey of 298 taxpayers. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results show that taxpayer satisfaction, perceived usefulness of taxpayers functions, and behavior contribute to tax compliance by 25.25%, that taxpayer satisfaction and taxpayer behavior are significant predictors of tax compliance and taxpayer behavior strengthens the moderating relationship between taxpayer satisfaction and tax compliance. At the same time, the perception of the usefulness of the function does not have a significant value on tax compliance. Given that this study was cross-sectional, monitoring changes in behavior over time was not possible. The results are helpful for policymakers and taxpayers in Indonesia. To the researchers knowledge, this is the first study to examine the contribution of perceived usefulness of function, taxpayer satisfaction, and taxpayer behavior of taxpayer compliance.