Purpose: The aim of this research was to look at liver lesions on dual step computed tomography scans in people who had liver masses. In asymptomatic patients with normal liver function, an early diagnosis is beneficial. That also means the tumors can be treated more effectively with medications and radiotherapy. Material and Method: On ultrasound, 150 patients were shown to have a liver disease. 120 people were shown to have liver lesions after undergoing a biphasic CT scan. Following the maintenance of the IV-line, injection was injected using a pressure injector, and acquisition began. The arterial process was recorded for 15-20 seconds, and the portal venous phase was recorded for 50-60 seconds. Out of 120 cases, 30 had hypo vascular lesions that did not improve in both phases of the CT scan. This finding showed full enhancement on both arterial and venous phases on 25% of hypo vascular lesions and 75% of hyper vascular lesions. Conclusion: Biphasic computed tomography is an excellent diagnostic technique for detecting liver lesions whose visibility is based on their vascularity.

Sport is a significant business for some countries while people in many counties rarely afford to use sports facilities, as their sole concern is survival. Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, the survival of human being and coping with the effects of pandemic related preventive behaviours have become the hugest concern of the affected countries including Sri Lanka. This note was written to suggest that 'sport' could be used as a tool to overcome the adverse effects of staying home during COVID -19 regardless of the purchasing power of any person in Sri Lanka. Even though, the insights provided through this could visualise limitations in implications across all socio-cultural backgrounds, the author hopes the suggestion would benefit most citizens to think and act in a creative way by strengthening their family bonds.

Background: Post-operative patient outcome of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) and Phacoemulsification (Phaco) should focus on functional status and quality of life instead of only visual acuity measurement alone. Aim: Comparative study to evaluate functional outcome of quality of life in post-operative patients of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) vs Phacoemulsification (Phaco) using Indian visual Function Questionnaire-33. Design: A prospective, comparative hospital based interventional study was conducted on 246 eyes having visually significant senile cataract. 246 eyes were divided into two groups. 123 eyes were planned for MSICS & Phacoemulsification each at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Pt.B.D.Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. A detailed pre and post-operative examination was carried out and interviewed as per IND VFQ-33 questionnaire pre-operatively and post-operatively at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months. Results: There was a significant difference between 2 groups in terms of Quality of Life Scores at Post-Operative Day-7.With the median QoL Score (Domain 1+2+3) at Post-Operative Day-7 being highest (87) in the SICS group as compared to Phacoemulsification (74) with p<0.001.There was no significant difference between 2 groups in terms of VR QoL Scores at Post-Operative 1 & 2 Months. Median Quality of Life Score of (Domain 1+2+3) at 1 Month was 57 in both study groups with p=0.808. Median Quality of Life Score (Domain 1+2+3) at 2 Months was 43 in both MSICS & Phacoemulsification group with p=0.636. Conclusions: The study group patients observed no difference in terms of Related Quality of Life in post-operative Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Phacoemulsification especially after 1 & 2 months. So functionally, quality of life in post-operative 1-2 months of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Phacoemulsification are equally good.

Objectives: To provide an update regarding the recent trends and advancements in the field of salivary nano-biosensors which are useful in diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma? Materials and methods: Literature survey was carried out in March 2021 in electronic databases such as PubMed SCOPUS, EMBASE, COCHRANRE library, Science Direct using key words such as Biosensors and oral cancer, Salivary biosensors and oral squamous cell carcinoma etc... Articles published in English language from 2000 to March 2021 which fulfilled the objectives of the study were included. Results: The searches revealed 236 articles out of which 42 were selected after reading the full text articles. Saliva based diagnostics is also referred as liquid biopsy for its immense potential as it is economical, noninvasive and easy to collect and contains wide variety of biomarkers which can be detected by biosensors. The use of biosensors in oral cancer detection and monitoring holds vast potential. Biosensors can be designed to detect emerging cancer biomarkers and to determine staging of the disease and diagnosis. Even though there are wide varieties of biomarkers, only few biosensors have the potential to become point of care diagnostics of oral cancer. Conclusions: The technological advancements in recent times have enabled researchers to develop high throughput and sensitive biosensors to detect active biomarkers from saliva of oral cancer patients.

Index properties of soil forms part of the precondition for its use in civil engineering construction works. The neglect of it will give investors a wrong idea about the properties of the soil material. This research investigates the index properties of soils along jos-makurdi road in north central Nigeria. A trial pit was dug under four different bridges to a depth of 1m each and soil samples were collected by method of disturbed sampling and analyzed using the following tests: Moisture content test, Particle size distribution test, Atterberg limit test and Specific gravity test. All these tests were carried out according to procedure highlighted in BS1377 1990. By visual inspection Grey colours were observed of both soil sample SS1and SS2; while light brown and brownish colours were observed from SS3and SS4 respectively. The natural moisture content of the soil sample SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS4, are 6.56, 7.89. 52.52 And 54.72%. Using the unified soil classification system (USCS), the SS1 and SS2 were classified as well graded sand (SW) while SS3 as silt sand (SM) and SS4 was classified as clay sand (SC), respectively. The SS1 and SS2 were non-plastic while SS3 have liquid limit (LL) of 33.62%, plasticity index of 32.06% and linear shrinkage of 3.85%; and SS4 have liquid limit (LL) of 52.40%, plasticity index of 41.28% and linear shrinkage of 2.5%. The specific gravity (GS) obtained from the test results are 2.66, 2.65, 2.38 and 2.27, for SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS4 respectively. Based on the test results obtained from the study trial pits, SS1 and SS2 are well graded sand (SW) which is suitable for most engineering construction while silt sand (SM) and clay sand (SC) will require stabilasation or modification for possible use in engineering application. Based on these investigations, the index properties of the soil sample, SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS4 varies with the location.

Antiplatelet drugs are recommended globally for long term prevention of serious vascular events in high risk patients. Temporary withdrawal of these drugs seems to be an attractive option in dental office prior to minor surgical procedures to prevent a bleeding hazard. The benefit of averting anti-platelet drug induced hemorrhage needs to be balanced against the risk of potentially fatal thrombosis that may occur due to rebound phenomenon after withdrawal of the anti-platelet drug. This in-vivo prospective study was thus designed to assess post-operative bleeding in patients on aspirin therapy after extractions. The study sample comprised of 50 patients between 50 to 75 years of age on long term aspirin therapy requiring extractions were assessed for bleeding at 30 mins, 1, 2, 3, 24 and 48 hours post operatively. Results showed 4 patients had mild bleeding at 30 mins, 2 patients at 1hour, 1 patient at 2 hours and no patients with bleeding at 3 hours. In our study we had an 8% risk of bleeding after extractions in patients on long term low dose aspirin therapy. Given the low incidence and severity of bleeding which can be easily managed by local measures only, we conclude that patients need not discontinue taking aspirin prior to dental extractions.

During the colonial period, plantation authorities in Cameroon, like elsewhere in Africa and Asia, depended on male labour and showed little or no interest in the recruitment of female labour. Over time, the incessant shortage and unstable nature of the labour force led them to reconsider the permanent engagement of women as was the case of the Tole Tea Estate. The plantation hierarchy believed rightly or wrongly that women would be docile and therefore, would not agitate against the exploitative plantation policies as opposed to their male counterparts. This was however, a gruesome miscalculation as the women soon developed a “militantic” behaviour that even surmounted that of male workers in the plantation milieu. The nature of their comportment and the manner in which they agitated for the amelioration of their working condition was sharpened by their affiliation to some Christian domination in the Tole vicinity. As such, with the help of a random survey carried out among 150 women in 2016 and with the use of a historical approach guided by both primary and secondary sources, this work argues that some Christian teachings acted as an eye opener to the women in knowing and claiming their rights. It further contends that some of the protests that the women staged against the plantation management could be attributed to their accumulated knowledge and behaviour imbued with religious feelings and actions as portrayed in protest songs, placards and other related aspects. The paper concludes that the Christian background of the women was therefore, a vehicle for dismembering the obnoxious plantation policies and forcing the authorities to act in their favour.

Background: Mental Retardation (MR) is a genetic disorder manifested in childhood and is significantly characterized by decreased intelligence and adaptive skills. It is also the most common developmental disorder with overall below average intellectual functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior. MR in young children is often missed by clinicians. The condition is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population, either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome or broader disorder. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of folate metabolizing gene variants MTHFR(C677T) & (A1298C); MTR(A2756G); MTRR(A66G); MTHFD1(G1958A) and RFC(A80G) in mental retarded (MR) cases and controls in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A total of 200 samples (100 MR cases and 100 controls) were included in the present study and genotyping was accomplished by using PCR - RFLP technique. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The odds ratio p value of the variant MTHFR C677T genotype CC and CT were statistically insignificant whereas TT genotype was found to be statistically significant. The odds ratio p value of the variant (A1298C) of MTHFR, MTR (A2756G), MTRR (A66G), and RFC1 (A80G) genes were not statistically significant with MR cases. The odds ratio p value of the variant MTHFD1 (G1958A) genotype AG was found to be showing small risk compared to AA and GG genotypes. Conclusions: The present study concludes that the MTHFR 677 C>T and MTHFDI genes shows association with MR and MTHFR 1298 A>C, MTRR A66G , MTR A2756G and RFC 1A80G genes does not shows any association with MR.

Various efforts are being made to make education more qualitative. Primary education plays a very important role in quality education. Effective education is essential for quality in education, because primary education is the foundation of education. Therefore, various efforts are being made to strengthen this foundation so that education can be made more effective and quality. As part of this effort, a project was implemented by the Government of Gujarat. This was named “Gyankunj”. The purpose of which is to provide education to the children of upper primary school through the medium of educational technology as well as to provide equal education to the children of rural and urban areas.

This study examines the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the work-life balance of lecturers in private universities in Nigeria. The objective was to determine the extent, to which COVID-19 affected the productivity of lecturers with reference to research and teaching output between March and October, 2020. The target population involves all academic staff of private universities in Nigeria. Purposive sampling of non-probability method was used to select eight (8) private universities in Lagos State and Federal Capital Territory Abuja while Taro Yamane formula n= N/ (1+N (e) 2) was used to calculate the number of participants in the study. A self-constructed survey was developed and distributed online through Google Forms. Descriptive statistics with frequency distribution was used to analyse the demography of participants while linear regression was used to analyse responses from the survey. Based on the results, it was discovered that COVID-19 increased the family commitment and childcare practices of lecturers. Simultaneously, it exerted pressure on the lecturer to meet-up with online class activities, project supervision and research work. It was also observed that while the workload hours significantly decreased, the pressure to teach students through online applications (i.e Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Classroom, etc) was very high with less productivity. The findings also indicate that lecturers in private universities could not effectively strike a balance between work and family during the global pandemic and therefore, were less productive especially in the areas of research and teaching output. Recommendations were made towards development of new work-life balance policies by the university management as well as retraining of lecturers in meeting up with the emerging needs of students and the university in a post COVID-19 world.

With the rapid development of new Internet media in recent years, the Internet celebrity economy has been booming gradually. Contemporary young college students, as the focus of social media, are at an important stage of forming their consumption ideas, which is easily affected by the Internet cultural environment. This paper analyzes and studies the current consumption ideas of college students under the influence of the Internet celebrity economy. It also discusses the cultivation methods suitable for the current correct consumption idea of college students, and puts forward feasible solutions to the existing problems according to the investigation, so as to guide college students to establish a correct consumption idea.

That physical education and sports for children is indisputable, this has been proven and proven by scientific achievements, they even say that, to categorize physical education and sports for children as a separate branch of sports, unlike adults, ie a branch of independent of sports science and sports system. In addition of traditional methods of education and their possibilities to realize them in practice this study aims to attract attention of educators in the new models of social education adjusting this with preschool children interests. For the realization of our study, have selected 80 children from four Tirana’s preschools city, that seems to be the bigger city, center of economic, social, administrative, culture, academic, industrial, medial of Albania, with purpose to have a big representation of all social-economics layers. The children are separated in two equal groups. Collected data, in begin, middle and in the end of tests and questionnaires were under a statistical processing by IBM SPSS package, version number 22. T- test is used to see if there are significant changes between control and experiment group skills along the tests phases. Based on results, significant changes between genders in experiment groups first phases questionnaire. Through this study we think to offer some rational solutions with movement and social character, using a variety tools that gymnastic contains accompained by some educational and entertainment methods.

Basketball is a popular court-based team sport that has been extensively studied over the last decade. Yoga is a physical and mental discipline that forms part of ayurvedic medicine. The purpose of the study was to find out hematological variables (RBC, WBC, and Platelets) between regular basketball players and yoga practitioners. Nine (09) subjects were randomly participated as volunteers in this study; among them (n=04) were basketball players and the rest (n=05) yoga practitioners. Blood samples were collected in the morning session (6:30 a.m. to 7:30 a.m.) with fasting. Red blood cells (counts), white blood cells (counts), and platelets (counts) were criterion measures in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean and SD and an unpaired t-test were applied to check the level of significance (p<0.05). Statistical results indicated that the monocytes and platelets were statistically significant differences found between basketball players and yoga practitioners. There was no statistically significant difference in red blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocytes between the two groups. In summary, it could be said that basketball players’ monocytes and platelets blood count were higher than yoga practitioners, but red blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocytes blood count is closer in both groups.

Flexibility is one of the most important pain-free joint motions that necessary in games and sports. The idea of the present study was to recognize the nature of flexibility required for the performance of basketball and suggest a set of exercises to satisfy this purpose. At first, through a literature survey, consulting experts of the field and from the experience of own contribution in the game for a pretty long period, the exact nature and need of flexibility for the game of basketball was identified. It was understood that the flexibility of the ankle, hip, shoulder, trunk, and wrist was very essential for the purpose. The twelve (12) associated muscles around the specified joints were finalized. Eventually, a set of twelve exercises was prepared as a catalogue for developing the flexibility of basketball payers.

Traumatic injury of anterior teeth is common and may lead to cyst over a period of time. Root perforation is contrived communication between root canal system and the supporting tissues of teeth or the oral cavity. Iatrogenic root perforation is a procedural mishap but quite an uncommon event, which may occur at any stage of root canal therapy, from access cavity preparation to post-space preparation, on any tooth. Perforations are reported to result in lower success rates. How they are managed can make the difference between retention and the loss of a tooth. It results in bacterial contamination, peri-radicular tissue injury, inflammation, and bone resorption. The purpose of this case report is to describe the endodontic retreatment and surgical management of a longstanding periapical lesion on maxillary central incisor, associated with perforation using mineral trioxide aggregate. MTA is bioactive material and shows good sealing activity for perforation repair and apical seal. For large periapical cyst healing PRF was used and Novabone putty was used for the healing of osseous defect.