Language and literature works as a bridge in achieving certain goals by affecting the human being socially as well as psychologically. The current study aims at exploring socio-psychological disposition of the characters in Usman Ali’s play The Prisoners. In order to unmask the external and internal trauma of contemporary society, socio-psychological approach is used in the current study. For this purpose, the researcher highlights socio-psychological disposition of the characters in the play by drawing attention to the trauma of characters, the prevailed corruption and systematic nepotism in the society. In the play, Rustam and Sohrab who love each other and want to spend their life together whereas the society is not willing to give them space and the crowd puts them into the prison and wants to kill them. Moreover, the whole play curbs by the revenge of the leader who indulges in property issue with Rustam to take vengeance and he drags him in prison. The findings of this research shed light on The Prisoners as a socio-psychological study of contemporary era as it throws light on the prevailing evils in the society leading to multiple psychological traumas.

Introduction: Metformin is the most widely administered anti-diabetic medication among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, metformin induces vitamin B12 mal-absorption which may increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency among T2DM patients. Aim: To determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among diabetic patients on metformin therapy. Materials & Methods: This is a case-control hospital-based study conducted in Khartoum state. A hundred subjects were involved, fifty were with type 2 diabetes patients underuse of metformin, and fifty were diabetic patients not underuse of metformin. Serum Vitamin B12 levels were estimated by the ELIZA method in a fully Automated Biochemistry Analyzer (Cobas). Results: Table 3.2 shows the mean serum level of vitamin B12 in diabetes underuse of metformin and control group respectively were (252.6±101.3, 339.4±112.3), there was a significant decrease of serum level of vitamin B12 in patients under treatment with metformin compared to patients not underuse of metformin (p value=0.000). Conclusion: Significant decrease of serum vitamin B12 in the diabetic patients under treatment with metformin compared to diabetic patients not use of metformin. Vitamin B12 deficient subjects presented with significantly longer duration of T2DM, duration of metformin use, and use of higher metformin doses compared to non-deficient subjects.

Wetlands play significant role in climate change contributing about 5% of the global Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission through respiration which is being thought to be influenced by the soil properties. In this study the aim is to establishing relationship between wetland soil physicochemical properties and CO2 respiration from Oguta lake point one. Standard methods were used to determine the soil properties and an AZ 77535 CO2 gas analyzer held at arm’s length was used to determine the concentration of CO2 at sample location. Mean results showed pH (5.03), temperature (28.16 oC), electrical conductivity (108.56 uS/cm), moisture content (17.83 %) and organic matter (1.35 %). Mean weekly [CO2] concentrations (564 ± 13.5 to 580.72.2 ± 13.03 ppm) were higher than mean around the world (370 ppm) and higher all sites around the lake including the control site (425 ± 2.5 to 438.2 ± 2.0 ppm). There was positive relationship with [CO2] and R2 values of (0.262), (0.370), (0.304), (0.294) and (0.056) respectively were observed. This confirms that the respiration of CO2 is influenced by the soil properties. An increase in soil properties reflected an increase CO2 concentration. Results add to information on how soil properties can be modified to reduce soil respired CO2, thereby reducing wetland contributions to global warming.

Based on Martin’s Appraisal Theory, this study takes the English news reports of COVID-19 on the official website of the overseas edition of China Daily as the research corpus, and classifies the corpus from its subsystem, that is, attitude system to conduct the discourse analysis, so as to explore the distribution law of attitude language resources in the corpus, and interpret the attitude hidden behind the news reports. It is found that in the report of COVID-19 in China Daily, the use of affect resources accounts for the largest proportion, followed by judgement resources, and the use of appreciation resources is the least. And the proportion of positive attitude resources is much larger than that of negative attitude resources.

Plates are common structural elements use in several engineering applications and are subjected to different types of loads, including acoustic excitations. The first satisfactory theory of bending plates is associated with Navier and later Kirchhoff. These theories nevertheless, are deficient as they do not take into account the influence of transverse shear forces on the deformation of plates. Consequently, this work explicitly established a refined plate equation, which considers the effect of shear deformation in line with Vasil’ev approach. The differential equation of plates with shear effect was solved for all edge simply supported (SSSS) condition subjected to uniformly distributed load using orthogonal polynomial method. Numerical solutions in the present study are compared to Navier’s solution based on Kirchhoff’s hypotheses which gives an insignificant percentage difference for membrane plates (-00.308% for h = 0.05m) and thin plates (00.260% for h = 0.15m). However, it is also observed that the percentage difference between the present study and Kirchhoff’s hypotheses is high for fairly thick plates (04.172% for h = 0.40m) due to incorporation of share deformation in the solution. The result presented shows good approximation for analyses of fairy thick and thick Isotropic rectangular plates.

Mucormycosis or the grimmer popular name, Black Fungus has evoked public concern in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic but the disease is not that uncommon, medical literature from India shows. Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive disease caused by saprophytic fungi of the order Mucorales. Rare, life threatening COVID-19 complications appear to be escalating in India, creating a fresh wave of critical medical challenges in a country that has already seen short supplies of oxygen and other basic needs. Hospital across India have been reporting several cases of Mucormycosis, a rare fungal infection, affecting patients who have recently recovered from COVID-19. Once considered a rare “opportunistic” fungal infection in Covid-19 patients, mucormycosis has emerged as a dramatic bellwether for a raft of secondary ailments symptomatic of India’s inability to contain the world’s fastest growing coronavirus outbreak. The exact incidence of mucormycosis in India is unknown due to the lack of population based studies. The estimated prevalence of mucormycosis is around 70 times higher in India than that in global data. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor, followed by haematological malignancy and solid-organ transplant. The government has now declared it a ‘Notifiable Disease’.

Aim: To assess the anatomical and functional outcome of transcanalicular LASER DCR compared to external DCR. Methods: A quasi study had been carried out in two tertiary eye hospitals of Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2020. Group A included all patients selected for external DCR, and group B had been selected for transcanalicular laser DCR. Variable included age, gender, anatomical outcome, functional outcome, and surgery-related complications. Statistical analysis had been done by Quick Calcs Graph Pad software. Results: The total evaluated patients were 119 patients in group A and 46 patients in group B. The anatomical success rate was 93.3% in group A and 84.8% in group B. The functional success rate was 86.5% in group A and noted 84.8% in group B. Minimal skin scar was observed after six weeks of surgery in 98 (82.3%) cases of group A. Conclusion: The anatomical success rate is higher in external DCR, but the functional outcomes are almost the same in both groups.

Over the past year, the opening-up measures have been basically implemented. From the pilot free trade zone to the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the new strategy for the development of the Yangtze River Delta, the implementation of the Foreign Investment Law and the comprehensive implementation of the pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list management system have been introduced. Major progress was made in expanding imports to boost consumption and in further lowering tariffs. Open cooperation, innovation and sharing of the world economy to promote the national consumer imports, pluralism, open, and to discuss the level of imports and the quality of image and how to influence consumer perception of imported products to buy, in the face of the differences in the light of the imported products and home products, give consumers more independent options, thus it is concluded that the influence factors of the buyer. This paper discusses the will of consumers and the influencing factors, and on this basis, puts forward a reasonable development strategy for the e-commerce platform to sell overseas goods, and provides a reference for the government to formulate scientific support policies.

Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group; a carboxylic acid group and aside chain that varies between different amino acids. These molecules are particularly important in biochemistry, Amino acids containing uncharged amino groups, at physiological PH values, may also undergo Schiff base formation, which presents another potential mechanism for metal complexes. In this study, four new amino acid Schiff base compounds namely; 5-Chlorosalcialdehyde-glycine (H2L1), 5-Chlorosalycialdehyde-alanine (H2L2), 5-Nitrosalycialdehyde-glycine (H2L3), 5-Nitrosalycialdehyde-alanine (H2L4). Derived from condensation reaction of substitutedsalicylaldehyde with some amino acids; glycine and α-alanine, with a new alternative method. The development includes the use of 10-2mole sodium hydroxide as a new catalyst, which is added to the classical method of Schiff bases synthesis. The four Schiff bases were characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N) and spectroscopic methods; IR, 1H and 13C NMR. These methods were applied successfully for characterization of the prepared Schiff bases.

The synergistic inhibition behavior of Spondias cytheria and chloride ions on mild steel in H2SO4 solution were studied using the gravimetric and gasometric techniques. From the investigation the results showed that Spondias cytheria and KCl are good corrosion inhibitors. The leaf extract showed maximum inhibition efficiency of 88.52% and 81.42% for gravimetric and gasometric analysis respectively. The leaf extracts + KCl showed maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.49% and 83.76% for gravimetric and gasometric analysis respectively. It was generally observed that the addition of KCl improved the inhibition of the leaf extract. Considering the Ea, Kads, ∆Gads, Qads, the process of corrosion inhibition is attributed to be by physical adsorption. Comparing the R2 values, it could be observed that the data fitted well to Freundlich for the leaf extract and Langmuir for the leaf extract + KCl.

Background: Caesarean section when indicated is a life saving procedure but when performed without appropriate indications can add risk to both the mother and baby. However over the past 15 years it has been noted that the incidence of caesarean section has doubled all over the world, different regions having different caesarean rates which has become a serious public health issue as morbidity and mortality from an unindicated caesarean section is more than from a vaginal delivery. The present study was done as there are no studies conducted in Northeast, India and in the tribal population to know the rate of primary caesarean section in primigravida & multigravida and to know the aspects which need due attention in either group (primigravida or multigravida) which can be differentiated for better obstetric management. Aim & Objectives: 1) The primary objective is to compare the rate of primary caesarean section in primigravida and multigravida. 2).The secondary objective is to compare the indications, maternal complications, early neonatal outcome in primigravida and multigravida. Material and Method: Study population- This study consisted of two groups, group A consist of 160 primigravida who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Similarly, group B consist of 160 multigravida who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: 1) All primigravida (booked and unbooked) with gestational age more than 37 weeks and above who have come for delivery. 2) Multigravida upto gravida 5 with gestational age of more than 37 weeks and above who has had one previous viable vaginal delivery. Exclusion criteria: 1).Patient with nonviable pregnancy 2) Patient not willing to participate in this study. 3) Patient having previous history of myomectomy or hysterotomy. 4) Gravida 6 and above as they are prone to complications. Results: The overall incidence rate of primary caesarean section rate in this study is 58.75% in primigravida and 31.87% in multigravida. Maximum patients who underwent primary caesarean section were in the age group 20-25years and 25-30 years for both groups. Maximum of the patients were posted for emergency caesarean section 96.8% in primigravida and 94.1% in multigravida. Foetal distress was the commonest indication 54.95% in primigravida and cephalopelvic disproportion 47.92% in multigravida. Intra-operative complications were common in both groups. In multigravida PPH 77.3% was more common. However uterine wound extension 80% was more common in primigravida. The overall post-operative complications were more common in multigravida (25.49%) compared to 13.82% in primigravida. Early neonatal outcome was good in both the groups. There was only 1 neonatal death during the study period in group B. Conclusion: As we have witnessed an increased rise in the rate of caesarean section over the past few years it is our responsibility to bring out the change and modifications and note that the indications indicated for caesarean section should be genuine. From this study, we can also see many females having no antenatal check-up which we can help by creating awareness and importance of antenatal check-up and should train doctors for timely referral of patients to avoid unnecessary complications. The need to better improve skills of obstetricians and staff to read CTG, perform ECV, perform instrumental deliveries especially in second stage of labour, proper counselling of patients and availability of labour analgesia to decrease the rate of caesarean on request. The overall reduction in caesarean rate can only be reduced if the indications of primary caesarean sections can be analyzed.

The paper investigated on teachers’ awareness and utilization of standard scores in assessment of students’ mathematics performance in secondary schools in Rivers State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The design of the study is descriptive design. A sample of fifty-four (54) mathematics teachers was drawn from the population of 12,342 teachers in the locale of the study through multistage sampling procedures. An instrument titled Standard Score Awareness and Utilization Questionnaire (SSAUQ) developed by the researchers was used for data collection. Factor analysis was used to determine the validity of SSAUQ while Cronbach alpha was used to establish a reliability index of 0.89 indicating that the instrument was reliable. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while two-way analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The results revealed that there is no significant interaction difference in the level of awareness of standard scores in mathematics assessment by teachers based on their location, school type as well as gender. Also, there is no significant interaction difference in the level of utilization of standard scores in mathematics assessment by teachers based on their location, school type as well as gender. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Government should from time to time organize conferences, workshops and seminars for teachers concerning use of standard scores in assessing students’ performance.

The prime aim is to investigate whether the influence of social media have changed the cultural patterns of tribal society in West Bengal. Four districts of West Bengal, with 115 householders of 500 samples were selected for the present study. Self-made standardized questionnaire tool of 40 items were constructed by the investigator to study the impact of social media in changing the cultural patterns of tribes on the selected districts of West Bengal through survey method. There is significant relationship between social media and changing lifestyle of tribes. The impact of Social media has influenced the tribal people and social media have led to occupational displacement of tribes of West Bengal.

This paper compares the biogas ignition time from 8 kg cattle dung, 4 kg each of cattle dung and cassava peels, and 4 kg cattle dung with 4 kg plantain peels. Digesters with 1 m diameter, 0.75 m height and 2 mm thickness made of mild steel were used for the anaerobic digestion of the three substrates in a mesophilic environment. The substrate was charged to the digester after thorough mixing with water at 1:2 by mass. The biogases were daily tested for combustion. Temperatures and pressures of the digesters were monitored at 10 am and 4 pm daily with mercury thermometers and pressure gauges installed on them. The biogas from every digester was measured by water displacement approach. The cattle dung biogas ignited on the 14th day, cattle dung with cassava peels mixture on the 55th and cattle dung with plantain peels mixture, 146th day of digestion. Their biogas volumes were 6450, 7000 and 6500 ml. Bacteria identified on the three digestates were Clostridium spp. and Bacillus licheniformies with a population of 2.5 x 10-4, Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus licheniformies 3.8 x 10-4, and Bacillus licheniformies with 2.3 x 10-4 cfu/ml. Cattle dung biogas recorded the least ignition time.

Background: The aim of this study was to look at how surgical treatment of early surgery gastric ulcer perforation has changed, as well as the outcomes. While it has been demonstrated that treating perforated gastric ulcers (GUP) is feasible and effective, its adoption into routine clinical practice has been gradual. Only a few studies have looked at its overall usefulness. Material and Methods: A population-based analysis of all patients undergoing surgery for GUP between 2018 and 2020 was conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital as part of a multicentered non-randomized experimental prospective study. The demographics of the patients, as well as their medical assessment, management, and results, were assessed. The following are the outcomes: A total of 482 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 67 years (range, 20–100). Results: There were 482 patients in total, with a median age of 67 years (range, 20–100). Women made up 284 (59%) of the total patients, and they were older (p0.001), had more comorbidities (p=0.002), and had a higher Boey risk score (p=0.036) than men. The position of the perforation was gastric/pyloric in 347 patients (72%), and duodenal in 135 patients (28%). A simple abdominal x-ray revealed pneumoperitoneum Thirty-one out of forty-one patients 361 patients (75%) had abdominal computerized tomography (CT) and 76 of 77 patients (98%) had abdominal computerized tomography (CT) (p0.001). 234 patients (42%) had laparoscopic surgery, which was completed in 361 patients (75 percent of attempted cases). During the study period, the rate of laparotomy care increased from 33-222 patients (7%) to 46 percent (p=0.02). Patients handled by laparotomy had a shorter median operation period (70 minutes) than those treated by laparoscopy (82 minutes) or those transferred from laparoscopy to laparotomy (105 minutes; p=0.017). In 236 patients, postoperative complications occurred (49 percent). Overall, 77 patients died within 30 days of surgery (16 percent). Both open and surgical repair, there were no statistically significant differences in morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: The increased use of clinical evaluation with X-ray (CT) as the primary diagnostic method for PPU and repair in surgical care is demonstrated in this research. Changes in management are not linked to different results.