Bioethical discussions are of particular importance to the legal and social debate. They relate to the themes that are important for people: health, safety, happiness and conscience. One of the most recognizable bioethical topics is the problem of the possibility of using abortion. In many countries, this issue provoked a lot of discussion, led to social protests and influenced the change of law. In Poland, for over 30 years, there has been a discussion about the possibility of terminating pregnancy for women. Many discussions focused on specific options for taking such action. We are talking about cases in which: the woman's life is at risk, pregnancy resulted, for example, as a result of rape, there is a suspicion that the child will develop a serious illness. The last possibility of abortion for many years was the basis for termination of pregnancies by women. The change in Polish law (as a result of a ruling by the Constitutional Tribunal) makes it impossible to have an abortion on the basis of a fetal defect. For many years, it was this context that was the main theme cited by both supporters and opponents of abortion. Both sides of the dispute drew attention to the suffering of both the woman and the developing organism of the child. However, the topic of the patient was rarely mentioned in these discussions. When we talk about the physiological state of pregnancy, who do we mean by the word patient? How many recipients of medical services are there then? Who then has rights as a patient? Is it just a pregnant woman or her unborn child? Who is diagnosed by a doctor? Can the patient's perspective be a common ground for supporters and opponents of abortion? The article will attempt to answer these questions. It will be based on the example of Poland, where the topic of abortion is still a detailed element of social, political and legal discussion.

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignant tumor, characterised by clinical polymorphism and local agressivity. In spite of the surgery and the radiotherapy, the forecast remains reserved in the long term.

Different types of microbes playing important role in soil fertility, increase the food production both agricultural and economical point of view. Plant activities such as phytoremediation efficiency in the form root symbiosis formation by assisting the removal the toxic metals for the formation of rhizosphere. Once the pathogen enters into the plants through different routes, different immune responses elicited as plants show a variety of immunological behavior as a result of microbial attack. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria most commonly beneficial for promoting the plant growth as a result of nutrients uptake by plant and readily available to the nodule formations. Many of the green algae also involved in making the beneficial relationship to the microbes. These are blue-green algae and a host of other beneficial microorganisms. Fungi also show the symbiotic association with different plants mostly in hyphae formation. For example, the chitin-derived lipo-chitooligosaccharides. Transferring the some characters from plants and microbes to the different organisms helpful to establish the relationship among various food chain animals.

The healthcare literature contains several examples and uses of interactive videoconferencing as a consultation tool for remote clinics, or for the education of students in distant locations. However, no systematic review was conducted to evaluate the influence of videoconferencing technology as an educational tool for Dental Healthcare Personnel (DHCP). Thus, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of employing videoconferencing on the learning outcomes of DHCP or dental students, as well as to explore the future prospect of implementing this tool in Saudi Arabian context. The search strategy included 11 electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL full text, ScienceDirect and PubMed plus manual and grey literature searches of any relevant study in English language up to January 2018 after assessing the eligibility of the full-text article based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 671 studies, 17 were eligible to be included in the review. The majority of the selected literature (11 studies) was of moderate quality, while four studies were considered as being high quality and the last two were located in the poor quality category. Most of the included studies were mixed qualitative studies (12 studies) and the remaining were quantitative studies (5 studies). This review shows a positive learning impact of videoconferencing on DHCP. As, no financial or infrastructure issues are encountered, this technology seems promising with the potential in Saudi Arabian dental education, providing that leaders of Ministry of Health (MOH) and Dental Schools of Saudi Arabia can be convinced to use it.

Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) is exceedingly rare and poorly documented; it is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm comprised of cells derived from the primitive mesenchyme. About 35% of RMS arises in the head and neck, are classified as parameningeal and non-parameningeal forms. These are the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the children, adolescents and young adults. Their etiopathogenesis and its molecular relevance have been emphasized. The first line of treatment is radical excision and this is usually supplemented by radiotherapy. It is believed that adjunct combination chemotherapy may greatly improve the prognosis. Inadequately treated tumours grow in an infiltrative manner and recur in a high percentage of cases. Bone does not constitute an effective barrier to the growth of the tumour and bone invasion is a frequent finding in head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas.

Aspergillosis of the nasal and paranasal sinuses is recognized as being second to candidiasis, among opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. However, invasive variant in normal and mildly immunocompromised hosts is a very rare occurrence. We report a new observation of nasal sinus aspergillosis in its pseudotumoral form.

Microbes playing important role in progression of infectious diseases. Bacterial attack on the nervous and respiratory cells undergoes metabolic pool. Different types of fungi also causing the infections once the attack on the human body. These pathogenic fungi are Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum sense an increase in temperature. Gut microbiome also playing important roles in the brain function and behavior by causing the several neurological disorders. These symptoms can be seen in epilepsy and in response to seizure interventions. Different amino acids have been used as a source of bacterial nutrition for example, tryptophan as one of the essential amino acid playing important role in catalyzing the different reactions in body. Riboswitches are the regulatory sequences that can bind to the active target molecules in order to regulate the gene expression of most of gens causing the abnormal response. Chloramphenicol is the drug that is used to control the infections caused by bacteria as it the broad spectrum antibiotic and can target broad range of bacterial strains.

Background: Placenta previa is a disorder which happens during pregnancy when the placenta is abnormally placed in the ‘lower uterine segment’, covers the cervix. The increasing trends of cesarean delivery rate causes a marked increase in abnormally invasive placenta over the past decades. We are in need of more research-based data regarding possible complications of placenta previa in Bangladesh. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to assess the neonatal and maternal complications of placenta previa. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from April 2020 to March 2021. In total 87 placenta previa cases whose singleton deliveries took place at the mentioned hospital during the first year of the study were selected as the study subjects for analysis. For data cleaning, the coded-data were entered into EPI Info version 3.5. The cleaned data were exported to SPSS version 25 and analyzed. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: In this study, in analyzing the maternal complications we observed, ‘hospital stay ≥14 days, ‘anemia’, ‘blood transfusion ≥2 and ‘PPH (Post-partum hemorrhage)’ were the most frequent maternal complications. Those 4 major complications were found in 36.78%, 29.89%, 24.14% and 21.84% cases respectively. On the other hand, ‘admission to NICU’, ‘dead babies’, ‘APGAR score at 1 min <7, and ‘low birth weight’ were found as the 4 most frequent neonatal complications in this study. Those 4 major complications were found in 22.99%, 21.84%, 13.79% and 12.64% cases respectively. Conclusion: Women with placenta previa should be considered as caring high risk and compatible blood should always be ready for such cases before considering caesarian section. Family planning should also be emphasized as a strategy to reduce of parity, caesarean section rate and possibilities of placenta previa. Strategies and protocols should be settled to reduce the rate of CS (caesarean section) and senior staffs and proper instruments have to be involved in the management of cases of placenta previa.

SARS-CoV-2 is spread by the micro droplets from the infected people or by the contact with the polluted fomites. The coronavirus infects the alveolar and bronchial epithelium cells and travels to the tiny air sacs and to alveoli. Monotonous laboratory-biomarkers can give the complete record of health position of a patient in severe medical situations. ACE2 serves as a regulator of renin angiotensin aldosterone systems, which regulates the blood volume, blood pressure, and balance of electrolytes in the body, in addition to acting as a crucial SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are nonspecific indicators of cellular inflammation and damage in COVID-19 patients. Biological materials from COVID-19 individuals have been used in various gene expression analysis, as well as those involving proteomic methods. Imaging biomarkers, which also include the magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography, are categorized into the several groups according to their activities and properties. High neutrophil count, lymphopenia and leukocytes are the simpler preliminary constraints which directly differentiate between the severe and non-severe coronavirus victims.

The study examined management of retirees’ skills as correlate of national security and development: a case study of Rivers State. The study utilized simple random sampling method to select 170 retirees in Rivers State. The “Management of Retirees’ Skills Scale (MRSS) and National Security and Development Scale (NSDS) were used for collection of data for the study. The instrument items were designed and validated by the researcher. The reliability coefficients of Management of Retirees’ Skills Scale and National Security and Development Scale are 0.82 and 0.81 respectively. The findings of the study revealed that retirees’ entrepreneurial skills to a high extent contribute to national security and development in Rivers State by 67.8%. Retirees’ in-service training skills contribute to a high extent to national security and development in Rivers State by 65%. Also, the finding revealed that there is a very strong significant relationship between management of retirees’ skills and national security and development in Rivers State. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that institutions or employers should make a deliberate effort to invest in their employees through entrepreneurship programmes to equip the workers with relevant skill for post-retirement. By so doing, knowledge held by these retirees could be shared and leveraged in a number of key ways to help the local, state and federal government address the root cause of human security such as persistent poverty, unemployment, epidemics, lack of access to basic health care, environmental degradation, terrorism, lack of rule of law and justice.

This paper analyzes the identity crisis of the protagonist James in Everything I Never Told You, explores the contributing factors to his failure to blend in American mainstream society and examines the aftermath of his failure.

Ovarian masses are a frequent cause of gynaecological malignancy. The risk of the Malignancy Index (RMI) is widely studied for the prediction of malignant pelvic masses. The objective of this study was To determine the diagnostic accuracy of RMI in diagnosing ovarian masses preoperatively for malignancy keeping histopathology as the Gold standard.it was a Cross-sectional study conducted in Gynae and Obs unit 1 Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Duration of study was months after approval of synopsis, non-probability consecutive sampling was used approval obtained from ethical committee. A total of 87 expected patients of having ovarian masses reporting in outpatient (OPD) and were admitted in wards were enrolled for the study. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. Ultrasonography (USG) and serum CA-125 levels of all the patients were done and scores were assigned to each parameter. The RMI was calculated for each patient. Histopathology was obtained and all the information was recorded on a predesigned Performa. RMI 25(28.7%) had positive and 62(71.3%) had negative findings. On histopathology findings, there were 25(28.7%) malignant and 62(71.3%) were benign masses. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of RMI was 92%, 96.77%, 92% and 96.77% with a diagnostic accuracy of 95.4%. The likelihood ratio for positive and negative was 28.52 and 0.082 respectively. RMI is a highly sensitive (92%) and specific (96.77%) method to identify ovarian carcinomas.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Acmella caulirhiza. The plant was harvested, identified, dried and pulverized. Five extractions were carried out: one by decoction and four by maceration with distilled water, ethanol/water mixture (70/30, v/v), methanol, and 95° ethanol as solvents. Phytochemical screening of A. caulirhiza extracts was performed according to the Sofowora method. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations by the microdilution method in a liquid medium, allowed the evaluation of the antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa NR 48982, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, Klebsiella pneumonia NR 41897. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging and Fe3+ reduction tests. All A. caulirhiza extracts contained phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, coumarins), mucilages, and resins. However, alkaloids, saponosides, cardiac glycosides, and anthocyanins were absent. They showed antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 8 to 32 mg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the DPPH extracts had concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.098 ± 0.011 to 3.9040 ± 0.319 mg/mL. The Fe3+ ion reducing activities of the extracts ranged from 53.120 ± 0.443 to 22.267 ± 1.006 µg/mL. The extracts of Acmella caulirhiza contain secondary metabolites that can justify the antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The use of this plant in traditional medicine in the management of infectious pathologies could be justified.

There are varieties of paradigms for testing software systems with the aim of uncovering faults and improving the quality of software products. One of the popular paradigms is model-based testing paradigm, where system’s behaviours are captured and denoted in a model for adequate abstract representation. Evidence has shown that automated testing can incredibly improve the testing efficiency. Central to such test automation is the use of appropriate testing tools. With the existence of a wide spectrum of software testing tools, it is difficult to decide which of the tools to choose and where to start the testing processes. It should be noted that irrespective of how similar the operational processes of software tools are; they are distinct in their respective overall composition. In order to make a choice of which tool is most appropriate to suit a system testing requirements, tester needs to understand some vital information related to the candidate tools such as availability, ease of use, programming skills needed, language and platform support, among others. In this paper, some of the most popular model-based testing tools on the market, both open source and commercial, are analyzed. The promising future of model-based testing is also proposed. This survey will help software testers, beginners or experts, to lay their hands on the appropriate model-based testing tools.

Aim: To study the demography, maternal and fetal causes of chorangiosis. Study design: A retrospective descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Total of 73 patients with chorangiosis were studied in Department of Pathology Saveetha Medical College, during the period of August 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: Study included 73 patients of placental chorangiosis. The clinical history and demographic data was obtained from the patient’s medical records. Thematernal and fetal causes were studied, and clinico-histopathological correlation was done. Results: This study includes 73 postnatal women, of whichthe rate of cesarean section was noted to be 69.8% and the mean value were obtained showed mean gestational age of 37.5 weeks, 70 live births and 3 neonatal deaths; mean placental weight is 480 grams and birth weight 3970grams. The mean 1 minute and 5 minutes APGAR score is reduced indicating the disturbance in fetal vitals immediately after birth. Conclusion: Chorangiosis is a rare illness, which is associated with an increased risk of prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. So, it should be regarded as a key prognostic indicator of poor pregnancy outcomes and should be essentially reported in the histopathological evaluation.